Biomarker Insights最新文献

{"title":"Serum Potassium, Sodium, and Chloride Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Healthy Controls: A Case-Control Study at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra","authors":"C. Antwi-Boasiako, Yaw A Kusi-Mensah, Dr. Charles F. Hayfron-Benjamin, R. Aryee, G. B. Dankwah, Kwawukume Lim Abla, Ebenezer Owusu Darkwa, F. Botchway, Eric Sampene-Donkor","doi":"10.1177/1177271919873889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919873889","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of Na+-K+ ATPase is altered in sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects serum electrolyte levels. This alteration is associated with several complications in sickle cell patients. This study evaluated the serum levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride in patients with SCD. The study was a case-control cross-sectional study involving 120 SCD patients in the steady state and 48 ‘healthy’ controls. The SCD patients were made up of 69 HbSS patients and 41 HbSC patients. Serum electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, and Cl−) were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Variant 240FS; Varian Australia Pty Ltd). Serum sodium levels were significantly lower in the sickle cell patients, compared with their ‘healthy’ counterparts (P = .0001). Although the study found significantly higher serum levels of potassium in the SCD patients (P = .0001), there was no significant difference in serum chloride levels between patients with SCD and the controls (P = .098). Serum sodium and chloride levels were not significantly different in both HbSS and HbSC patients (P = .197 and P = .553, respectively). The level of serum potassium in the HbSS patients was, however, significantly higher compared with those with the HbSC genotype (P = .0001). There is higher efflux of K+ from the intracellular into the extracellular space in HbSS patients, which may lead to red cell membrane dysfunction and associated complications.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919873889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44193907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Acute-Onset Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease","authors":"H. Furukawa, S. Oka, K. Shimada, A. Hashimoto, A. Komiya, T. Matsui, N. Fukui, S. Tohma","doi":"10.1177/1177271919870472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919870472","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Acute-onset diffuse interstitial lung disease (AoDILD) includes acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD), drug-induced ILD, and Pneumocystis pneumonia, and frequently occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since AoDILD causes a poor prognosis in RA, biomarkers for AoDILD were eagerly desired. Metabolomic analyses were extensively performed in cancer patients and successfully generated better diagnostic biomarkers. In the present study, serum metabolomic profiles of AoDILD in RA were investigated to generate better potential metabolomic biomarkers. Methods: Serum samples of 10 RA patients with AoDILD were collected on admission and in a stable state, more than 3 months before the admission. Serum metabolomic analyses were conducted on the samples from these RA patients with AoDILD. Results: Apparently distinct serum metabolomic profiles in AoDILD were not observed in univariate or hierarchical cluster analyses. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to select candidate metabolites based on variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. The PLS-DA model generated from the four metabolites with VIP scores more than 2.25 (mannosamine, alliin, kynurenine, and 2-hydroxybutyric acid) could successfully discriminate AoDILD from the stable condition (area under the curve: 0.962, 95% confidence interval: 0.778–1.000). Conclusion: It was demonstrated that metabolomic profiling was useful to generate better biomarkers in AoDILD.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919870472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47918058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulatory Levels of RANKL, OPG, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Postmenopausal Women With Normal or Low Bone Mineral Density","authors":"F. Azizieh, D. Shehab, K. Jarallah, Renu Gupta, R. Raghupathy","doi":"10.1177/1177271919843825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919843825","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and oxidative stress markers are suggested to contribute to bone loss in osteoporosis that occurs in menopause. However, the association between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to measure circulatory levels of these parameters in postmenopausal women with normal or low BMD. Methods: The study population included 71 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had normal BMD, 31 had osteopenia, and 15 had osteoporosis. Serum levels of RANKL, OPG, and 5 oxidative stress markers (catalase, peroxiredoxin 2 [PRX2], superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], and thioredoxin [TRx1]) were measured using the Multiplex system. Results: As compared with subjects having normal BMD, subjects with low BMD had significantly lower median serum levels of OPG, catalase, SOD2, and PRX2 (P = .004, .031, .044, and .041 respectively). Although levels of RANKL were not different between the 2 groups, the RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in women with low BMD (P = .027). Conclusions: These data provide insights into the possible roles of OPG, RANKL, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the lack of association between these markers and BMD indicates that osteoporosis is complex and multivariate.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919843825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44821289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewers for Biomarker Insights: 2018","authors":"Andrei, Avni, Batia, Bieniek, Kevin, V. D. Hurk, Jonathan, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Dunaeva","doi":"10.1177/1177271919829303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919829303","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Biomarker Insights Volume 14: 1 © The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1 7 27 919829303","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919829303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Urinary CD44 and Prosaposin as Specific Biomarkers of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Neurogenic Bladders.","authors":"Catherine S Forster,&nbsp;Wendy D Haffey,&nbsp;Michael Bennett,&nbsp;Kenneth D Greis,&nbsp;Prasad Devarajan","doi":"10.1177/1177271919835570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919835570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Distinguishing urinary tract infection (UTI) from urinary tract colonization (UTC) in children with neurogenic bladders who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is challenging. Our objective was to identify urinary proteins to distinguish UTI from UTC in CIC-dependent children that have potential to serve as objective markers of UTI.</p><p><strong>Experimental design: </strong>A total of 10 CIC-dependent children were included in the mass spectrometry analysis (UTI = 5, UTC = 5). Quantitative profiling of urine proteins with isobaric protein labeling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate markers were normalized using a collective mixture of proteins from all samples. Relative quantitative abundance of proteins across all samples were compared. Proteins with >50% change in the average abundance were identified as proteins of interest, which were then measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an additional 40 samples (no growth = 10, UTC = 15, UTI = 15).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mass spectrometry revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins. Of these, apolipoprotein D, alpha-amylase 2B, non-secretory ribonuclease, CD44 antigen, and prosaposin were measurable by ELISA. Concentrations of both CD44 and prosaposin were significantly higher in UTI, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary CD44 and prosaposin are candidate markers that may assist with the diagnosis of UTI in CIC-dependent children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"14 ","pages":"1177271919835570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919835570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Death Domain-Associated Protein 6 in Different Endometrial Carcinomas Histotypes","authors":"C. Jin, Sean M. Hacking, Miglena K. Komforti, M. Nasim","doi":"10.1177/1177271919864892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271919864892","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) is involved in regulating apoptosis via subcellular localization. The presence of DAXX point mutations correlates well with loss of nuclear expression on immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, we sought to determine (1) whether DAXX expression pattern is the same across different uterine carcinoma subtypes, and (2) which uterine carcinomas show loss of nuclear DAXX IHC. Design: We studied 65 uterine carcinomas of the following histologic types: 30 endometrioid (12 FIGO [The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics] grade 1, 12 FIGO grade 2, and 6 FIGO grade 3), 8 serous, 14 clear cell, and 13 undifferentiated/dedifferentiated type (UEC/DDEC). Nuclear DAXX IHC was assessed in each tumor and was graded semi-quantitatively as follows: 0% to 50%, 50% to 75%, and greater than 75% of lesional cells react. Results: A total of 61% (25/41) of high-grade carcinomas (FIGO grade 3, serous, clear cell, and UEC/DDEC]) showed retained DAXX nuclear staining in >75% of lesional cells, compared with only 4.2% (1/24) of the low-grade carcinomas (FIGO grades 1 and 2) (P = .0001), where DAXX expression was cytoplasmic. In addition, in the 11 DDEC cases, all the differentiated components showed loss of nuclear DAXX compared with the undifferentiated components which retained nuclear DAXX expression. Conclusions: We demonstrate that loss of nuclear DAXX is present in low-grade endometrial carcinomas and the differentiated components in UEC/DDEC, but not in high-grade ones, suggesting DAXX’s role in tumor progression and its potential as a therapeutic target in high-grade endometrial carcinomas.","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271919864892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46582065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Biomarker for Vascular Disorders.","authors":"Kaneez Fatima Shad,&nbsp;Nazar Luqman,&nbsp;Ann M Simpson,&nbsp;Sara Lal","doi":"10.1177/1177271918812467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271918812467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke episodes. An early sign of atherosclerosis is hypertrophy of the arterial wall. It is known that increased intima media thickness (IMT) is a non-invasive marker of arterial wall alteration, which can easily be assessed in the carotid arteries by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Similarly, the other key element of MI and ischaemic strokes is the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor which is an ionotropic glutamate receptor that mediates the vast majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. NMDA activation requires the binding of both glutamate and a coagonist like D-serine to its glycine site. A special enzyme, serine racemase (SR), is required for the conversion of L-serine into D-serine, and alterations in SR activities lead to a variety of physiological and pathological conditions ranging from synaptic plasticity to ischemia, MI, and stroke. The amount of D-serine available for the activation of glutamatergic signalling is largely determined by SR and we have developed ways to estimate its levels in human blood samples and correlate it with the IMT. This research based short communication describes our pilot study, which clearly suggests that there is a direct relationship between the SR, D-serine, and IMT. In this article, we will discuss whether the activity of SR can determine the future consequences resulting from vascular pathologies such as MI and stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"13 ","pages":"1177271918812467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271918812467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36768297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Biomarkers Into a Signature Profile of Persistent Traumatic Brain Injury Involving Autoimmune Processes Following Water Hammer Injury From Repetitive Head Impacts.","authors":"Steven Kornguth, Neal Rutledge","doi":"10.1177/1177271918808216","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1177271918808216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assemble an algorithm that will describe a \"Signature\" predictive of an individual's vulnerability to persistent traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Studies of athletes and warriors who are subjected to repeated head impacts with rapid acceleration/deceleration forces are used to assist in the diagnosis and management of TBI-affected individuals. Data from multiple areas, including clinical, anatomical, magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function, and biochemical analyses, are integrated to provide a Signature of persistent TBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies to date indicate that susceptibility to TBI results from an interaction between host genetic and structural vulnerability factors and force and torque of impact on the head and torso. The host factors include molecular markers affecting immune and inflammatory responses to stress/insult as well as anatomical features such as the degree of transcortical fiber projections and vascular malformations. The host response to forceful impact includes the release of intracellular neural proteins and nucleic acids into the cerebrospinal fluid and vascular compartment as well as mobilization of cytokines and macrophages into the central nervous system with subsequent activation of microglia and inflammatory responses including autoimmune processes. Maximum impact to the base of the sulci via a \"water hammer effect\" is consistent with the localization of microvascular and inflammatory responses in the affected brain region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An assessment of an individuals' predisposition to persistent TBI with delayed cognitive deficits and behavioral changes requires an understanding of host vulnerability (genetic factors and brain structure) and external stressors (force and torque of impact as well as repetitive head injury and time interval between impacts). An algorithm that has utility in predicting vulnerability to TBI will include qualitative and quantitative measures of the host factors weighted against post impact markers of neural injury. Implementation of the resulting \"Signature\" of vulnerability at early stages of injury will help inform athletes and warriors, along with commanders and management, of the risk/benefit approaches that will markedly diminish health care costs to the nation and suffering to this population. This report attempts to define a strategy to create such an algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"13 ","pages":"1177271918808216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/f7/10.1177_1177271918808216.PMC6207974.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36697326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of B-cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Carla Solé,&nbsp;Esther Arnaiz,&nbsp;Charles H Lawrie","doi":"10.1177/1177271918806840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271918806840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B-cell lymphomas represent a diverse group of neoplasms classified primarily by histopatholgy and are often challenging to accurately diagnose. Despite having been recognized less than 20 years ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the most promising class of cancer molecular biomarkers and are particularly attractive as they can be readily detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy material and biological fluids such as blood. Many of the identified B-cell lymphoma miRNA biomarkers also play crucial regulatory roles in normal B-cell development. Below we consider the identity, function, and biomarker potential of miRNAs in B-cell lymphoma and most importantly the barriers that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"13 ","pages":"1177271918806840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271918806840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36651004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Reliable Diagnostic/Predictive Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Leroy Shervington,&nbsp;Ashish Darekar,&nbsp;Murassa Shaikh,&nbsp;Roshini Mathews,&nbsp;Amal Shervington","doi":"10.1177/1177271918801005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271918801005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objective: </strong>Elevated C-reactive protein is usually a good indicator of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, there are limitations that compromise its specificity and therefore there is an urgent need to identify more reliable diagnostic biomarkers to detect early stages of RA. In addition, identifying the correct therapeutic biomarker for the treatment of RA using methotrexate (MTX) would greatly increase the benefits experienced by the patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Primary normal synoviocytes human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) and its phenotype rheumatic HFLS-RA cells were chosen for this study. The HFLS-RA-untreated and MTX-treated cells were subjected to microarray analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microarray data identified 74 differentially expressed genes. These genes were mapped against an RA inflammatory pathway, shortlisting 10 candidate genes. Gene expression profiling of the 10 genes were studied. Fold change (FC) was calculated to determine the differential expression of the samples.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The transcription profiles of the 10 candidate genes were highly induced in HFLS-RA cells compared with HFLS cells. However, on treating the HFLS-RA cells with MTX, the transcription profiles of these genes were highly downregulated. The most significant expression FC difference between HFLS and HFLS-RA (treated and untreated) was observed with <i>HSPA6, MMP1, MMP13</i>, and <i>TNFSF10</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data from this study suggest the use of <i>HSPA6, MMP1, MMP13</i>, and <i>TNFSF10</i> gene expression profiles as potential diagnostic biomarkers. In addition, these gene profiles can help in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of MTX.</p>","PeriodicalId":47060,"journal":{"name":"Biomarker Insights","volume":"13 ","pages":"1177271918801005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1177271918801005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36531647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}