Journal of Individual Differences最新文献_第3页

A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition 对迷信半信的定量考察

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000401

A. Caspi, Eti Shmuel, Eran Chajut

引用次数: 0

Lower Self‐Control Is Associated With More Standard, Reputation Management, and Maladaptive Facebook Use 较低的自我控制与更高的标准、声誉管理和不适应Facebook的使用有关

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000397

Heather M. Maranges, Nour Haddad, Sarah Psihogios, Casey L. Timbs, Carina M. Gobes, T. Preston

{"title":"Lower Self‐Control Is Associated With More Standard, Reputation Management, and Maladaptive Facebook Use","authors":"Heather M. Maranges, Nour Haddad, Sarah Psihogios, Casey L. Timbs, Carina M. Gobes, T. Preston","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Social media can help fulfill the need for belonging. Past work suggests that frequent or extreme Facebook use can engender costs to the self and relationships, such that self-control may be associated with Facebook use. Indeed, trait self-control was negatively associated with standard, reputation management, and maladaptive Facebook use (Study 1, N = 309), above extraversion, self-esteem, and perceptions of own attractiveness (Study 2, N = 527). Further, trait self-control was negatively associated with actual reputation management behavior online: people with lower (vs. higher) self-control were more likely to post written or image content of themselves vs. a book in a Facebook group (Study 2). Together, results suggest that higher self-control is associated with less Facebook use across the spectrum – standard use (e.g., posting, commenting, changing pictures), reputation management use (i.e., use to manage others’ perceptions of oneself), and maladaptive use (i.e., feeling negative affect as a result of comparisons to others online or not receiving positive feedback to one’s use).","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48091924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability of Vocational Interests During University Studies 大学学习中职业兴趣的稳定性

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000392

Bernhard Ertl, Florian G. Hartmann, A. Wunderlich

{"title":"Stability of Vocational Interests During University Studies","authors":"Bernhard Ertl, Florian G. Hartmann, A. Wunderlich","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000392","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Students’ vocational interests can be described by Holland’s theory of occupational choice. Holland distinguishes six interest dimensions here: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. Although these attributes are relatively stable during adolescence, their stability increases dramatically during university studies. Because vocational interests are often a factor in career counseling and the choice of what to study, it is essential to investigate the extent to which they develop during the first years of college. This study examines the NEPS first-year student cohort to investigate the stability of students’ interests and aspirations. The paper analyzes 2,442 male and 3,435 female students who studied within one of six major study clusters and provided data about their vocational interests at Wave 1 (study entry) and Wave 9 (about 4.5 years later close to the end their studies). The study’s results show strong and highly significant correlations for all interest dimensions, as well as a high stability of students’ aspirations. The correlations were strongest for artistic interests and weakest for conventional interests and were distinguishable between most dimensions. Furthermore, the analyses showed notable differences with respect to gender and field of study. Further analyses went beyond a variable-centered towards a person-centered approach showing that students with a stable interest vector also displayed higher profile correlations and a higher person-environment fit. The analysis shows that 28% of the sample are still developing their interests. This indicates notable adaption processes during university time that should be factored into course design, career counseling, and further research.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Five-Factor Model Personality Domains and Facets Associated with Markers of Cognitive Health. 与认知健康标志物相关的五因素模型人格领域和方面。

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000383

Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Damaris Aschwanden, Amanda A Sesker, Xianghe Zhu, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano

{"title":"Five-Factor Model Personality Domains and Facets Associated with Markers of Cognitive Health.","authors":"Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Damaris Aschwanden, Amanda A Sesker, Xianghe Zhu, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000383","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000383","url":null,"abstract":"Using a diverse, age-stratified sample (N=3,478; age range 18-90) this study examines the cross-sectional association between five-factor model personality traits - domains and facets - and three measures of cognitive health - processing speed, visuospatial ability, subjective memory - and whether these associations vary by age, race, and ethnicity. Consistent with the literature on personality and cognitive health, higher openness and conscientiousness were associated with better cognitive performance and subjective memory, whereas higher neuroticism was associated with slower processing speed and worse subjective memory but was unrelated to visuospatial ability. Moderation analyses suggested some associations were stronger in midlife compared to younger and older adulthood but were generally similar across race and ethnicity. The facet-level analyses indicated the components of each domain most strongly associated with cognitive function (e.g., the responsibility facet of conscientiousness) and suggested some differences across facets within the same domain (e.g., depression was associated with worse performance, whereas anxiety was unrelated to performance; sociability was the only facet of extraversion associated with worse performance). The present research is consistent with the larger literature on personality and cognition and extends it by documenting similarities and differences across facets and demographic groups.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10195061/pdf/nihms-1829360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9514732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Temperament, Life Satisfaction, and the Role of Psychological Flexibility 气质、生活满意度与心理弹性的作用

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000396

Maria Cyniak-Cieciura, W. Białaszek, Joanna Dudek, P. Ostaszewski

{"title":"Temperament, Life Satisfaction, and the Role of Psychological Flexibility","authors":"Maria Cyniak-Cieciura, W. Białaszek, Joanna Dudek, P. Ostaszewski","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000396","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Temperament is related to well-being. Establishing mediators of this relationship, especially mediators which can be influenced through psychological interventions, may contribute to tailoring these interventions to people’s needs determined by temperament. Psychological flexibility may be considered such a mediator. This study aims to examine the relationships between temperament traits and structures, satisfaction with life, and psychological flexibility, with the latter as a possible mediator of the relationship between temperament structures and life satisfaction. 538 participants (18–93 years old) took part in the study. They filled a set of self-reported questionnaires. Psychological flexibility explained a significant part of the variance in life satisfaction above and beyond temperament traits. People with harmonized temperament structures and higher stimulation processing capabilities (sanguine) exhibited higher psychological flexibility and satisfaction with life. Three temperament structures: phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic in comparison to sanguine were found to be linked to lower satisfaction with life through lower psychological flexibility. The results suggest a meaningful role of stimulation processing capabilities in the development of both psychological flexibility and satisfaction with life.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46249601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differentiating Abnormal, Normal, and Ideal Personality Profiles in Multidimensional Spaces 区分多维空间中的异常、正常和理想人格特征

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000395

F. Gutiérrez, J. Peri, A. Aluja, E. Baillés, B. Sureda, A. Gutiérrez-Zotes, Gemma Vall, N. Calvo, M. Ferrer, M. Cavero, Aida Mallorquí, Silvia Edo Villamón, Amanda Meliá de Alba, M. Á. R. Rodríguez

{"title":"Differentiating Abnormal, Normal, and Ideal Personality Profiles in Multidimensional Spaces","authors":"F. Gutiérrez, J. Peri, A. Aluja, E. Baillés, B. Sureda, A. Gutiérrez-Zotes, Gemma Vall, N. Calvo, M. Ferrer, M. Cavero, Aida Mallorquí, Silvia Edo Villamón, Amanda Meliá de Alba, M. Á. R. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000395","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Current dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder (PD) establish that intense traits do not suffice to diagnose a disorder, and additional constructs reflecting dysfunction are required. However, traits appear able to predict maladaptation by themselves, which might avoid duplications and simplify diagnosis. On the other hand, if trait-based diagnoses are feasible, it is the whole personality profile that should be considered, rather than individual traits. This takes us into multidimensional spaces, which have their own particular – but poorly understood – logic. The present study examines how profile-level differences between normal and disordered subjects can be used for diagnosis. The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology – Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) were administered to a community and a clinical sample each (total n = 1,925 and 3,543 respectively). Intense traits proved to be common in the general population, so empirically-based thresholds are indispensable not to take as abnormal what is at most unideal. Profile-level parameters such as Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances outperformed individual traits in predicting mental problems and equaled the performance of published measures of dysfunction or severity. Personality profiles can play a more central role in identifying disorders than is currently acknowledged, provided that adequate metrics are used.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dimensionality and Validation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) in a Dutch General Population Sample and Two Clinical Samples 荷兰普通人群样本和两个临床样本中高敏感人群量表(HSPS)的维度和验证

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000394

V. De Gucht, T. Wilderjans, F. K. Garcia, S. Maes

{"title":"Dimensionality and Validation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) in a Dutch General Population Sample and Two Clinical Samples","authors":"V. De Gucht, T. Wilderjans, F. K. Garcia, S. Maes","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000394","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Previous studies on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) were primarily conducted in highly selective, mostly student populations. The objective of the present study was to examine the factor structure of the Dutch HSPS in the general population ( n = 998), prolonged fatigue ( n = 340), and chronic pain samples ( n = 283), and investigate its psychometric properties. The factorial structure of the HSPS was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. To this end, the overall sample consisting of 1,621 subjects was randomly split into two subsamples. The factor structure was subsequently confirmed in the general population, fatigue, and chronic pain samples separately. A bi-factor model, consisting of a general factor and three separate factors, provided the best fit to the data in each sample. The three separate factors, capturing different dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity, were labeled “Ease of Excitation” (11 items), “Sensory and Aesthetic Sensitivity” (5 items), and “Low Sensory Threshold” (5 items). Internal consistency was satisfactory. Distinct patterns of associations were found between these factors and (un)related personality constructs.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44736805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Openness on Incremental Versus Radical Creativity and the Moderating Role of Leader Behaviors 开放性对渐进与激进创造力的影响及领导者行为的调节作用

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000393

Paraskevas Petrou, Dimitri van der Linden, A. Bakker

{"title":"Effects of Openness on Incremental Versus Radical Creativity and the Moderating Role of Leader Behaviors","authors":"Paraskevas Petrou, Dimitri van der Linden, A. Bakker","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Although openness to experience has been consistently related to employee creativity, we know less about how this relationship manifests when one makes a distinction between incremental creativity (i.e., minor modifications of existing practices) and radical creativity (i.e., major departures from existing practices). Our present work is driven by two expectations. First, we expect that openness more strongly relates to radical than incremental creativity. Second, we expect that the link between openness and incremental creativity becomes stronger when leaders display closing behaviors (i.e., they control adherence to rules) or they refrain from opening behaviors (i.e., they do not emphasize the importance of free experimentation). To test our propositions, we conducted four studies: one survey study with self-ratings of openness and creativity, one survey study with both self-ratings and other ratings of openness and creativity, one semi-experimental survey study, and one weekly diary survey study. Our studies largely provide support to the idea that openness has stronger links with radical than incremental creativity. Furthermore, our weekly study revealed that the link between openness and incremental creativity is stronger when closing leader behaviors are high and, at the same, opening leader behaviors are low. We discuss our findings and suggest how managerial practice can guide open employees to improve their potential for incremental creativity.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45374634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Find the Mistake! 找出错误！

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000386

Sonja Breuer, Thomas Scherndl, T. Ortner

{"title":"Find the Mistake!","authors":"Sonja Breuer, Thomas Scherndl, T. Ortner","doi":"10.1027/1614-0001/a000386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Reasoning ability has commonly been regarded as the best predictor of academic and occupational success. Due to concerns about the validity of multiple-choice (MC) formats, test security breaches, and the fact that the difficulty levels of most existing reasoning assessments target the population mean, there is a constant need for new reliable and valid test instruments that can be applied to assess fluid intelligence in advanced cognitive performance areas. We developed a novel computerized figural matrices test to assess nonverbal reasoning for university student aptitude assessment. In two studies, we generated, revised, and empirically validated the Isometric Matrices Test (IMT). Our results show that the IMT is less prone to test-wiseness strategies than existing reasoning tests. In a third study, we created and evaluated an innovative Find the Mistake (FtM) response format as an alternative to classical multiple-choice formats. Overall, both response formats revealed satisfactory psychometric quality in terms of item difficulties and discrimination, test-retest reliability, construct and criterion validity, and Rasch or two-parameter logistic (2PL) model fit, but in one MC version, the internal consistency was low due to negative discrimination indices. The MC response format turned out to be easier than the FtM format, with men slightly outperforming women in both response modes. We propose the IMT as a useful tool for assessing nonverbal reasoning ability in above-average performance areas and discuss the automatic generation of larger IMT item pools for adaptive testing in order to increase test security and reliability.","PeriodicalId":47049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Individual Differences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42839102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Support for Freedom of Speech and Concern for Political Correctness 支持言论自由，关注政治正确

IF 1.4 4区心理学

Journal of Individual Differences Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000385

Louise Drieghe, Arne Roets, J. De keersmaecker, A. Van Hiel, D. Bostyn

引用次数: 2