IF 0.9

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02665

Bana Sunil Reddy, Likhitha B

{"title":"Neonatal stress hyperglycemia mimicking diabetes mellitus secondary to massive intraparenchymal brain abscess due to escherichia coli sepsis: A case report","authors":"Bana Sunil Reddy, Likhitha B","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress hyperglycemia is a common metabolic response in critically ill neonates but may rarely present with extreme hyperglycemia mimicking neonatal diabetes mellitus. We report a term female neonate presenting on day 18 of life with lethargy, poor feeding, dehydration, and severe hyperglycemia (>1000 mg/dL), hypernatremia, and acute kidney injury. Insulin therapy was initiated due to suspicion of neonatal diabetes mellitus. Blood cultures grew Escherichia coli, confirming neonatal sepsis. Neuroimaging revealed a massive right fronto-parieto-temporal intraparenchymal abscess with significant mass effect and midline shift. The patient underwent staged neurosurgical intervention including anterior fontanelle aspiration followed by right frontal craniotomy and abscess evacuation. Pus culture confirmed multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, and targeted antimicrobial therapy was administered. Follow-up imaging demonstrated reduction in abscess size with residual ventriculitis and gliotic changes. Genetic testing for neonatal diabetes mellitus was negative. Hyperglycemia resolved completely following infection control and discontinuation of insulin therapy, confirming stress hyperglycemia. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in differentiating stress hyperglycemia from neonatal diabetes mellitus and emphasizes the importance of early neuroimaging and prompt neurosurgical intervention in neonates with sepsis and neurological manifestations. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are critical to improving survival and neurological outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e02665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Babesiosis-associated HLH in an immunocompetent adult: Host-driven hyperinflammation at low parasitemia 免疫功能正常成人巴贝虫病相关HLH：低寄生虫血症时宿主驱动的高炎症。

IF 0.9

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02655

Patrick Kiarie, Mridula Karthikeyan, Fernando Kawai

{"title":"Babesiosis-associated HLH in an immunocompetent adult: Host-driven hyperinflammation at low parasitemia","authors":"Patrick Kiarie, Mridula Karthikeyan, Fernando Kawai","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome triggered by viral infections and malignancies, as well as tick-borne pathogens such as <em>Babesia microti</em>. Babesiosis-associated HLH is uncommon and can be difficult to recognize, particularly in immunocompetent individuals, due to clinical overlap with sepsis. We report a case of a 32-year-old previously healthy male presenting with fever, cytopenias, transaminitis, and hyperferritinemia, found to have babesiosis with low-level parasitemia (0.01%). Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy with atovaquone and azithromycin, the patient developed worsening cytopenias, hemolysis, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, fulfilling HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. Pulse-dose intravenous methylprednisolone was initiated, resulting in rapid clinical and laboratory improvement. The patient was discharged on antimicrobial therapy with a prednisone taper and remained clinically stable. This case highlights that babesiosis-associated HLH can occur even in immunocompetent hosts and may present with severe hyperinflammation despite minimal parasitemia. Early recognition of persistent cytopenias and hyperferritinemia, along with timely initiation of immunosuppressive therapy in addition to antimicrobial treatment, is critical to improving outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e02655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oropharyngeal leech infestation as an unusual cause of severe anemia and hypovolemic shock in a 2-year-old child: A case report from Ethiopia 口咽水蛭感染是2岁儿童严重贫血和低血容量性休克的不寻常原因：来自埃塞俄比亚的一例报告

IF 0.9

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02785

Desalegn Kefale Semachew

{"title":"Oropharyngeal leech infestation as an unusual cause of severe anemia and hypovolemic shock in a 2-year-old child: A case report from Ethiopia","authors":"Desalegn Kefale Semachew","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Leech infestations can cause significant, often unrecognized, blood loss. This type of infestation occurs most commonly in young children living in rural settings who consume unfiltered water from rivers.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A two-year-old female patient presented to a general hospital from a rural area of Ethiopia with a five-day history of epistaxis, blood-stained saliva, fatigue, and poor appetite. On examination, hemoglobin was 3 g/dL. A dark brown, mobile foreign body — subsequently identified as a leech — was found attached to the posterior oropharynx. The patient (weight 11 kg) received 20 mL/kg of intravenous fluids for resuscitation and two sequential 20 mL/kg whole-blood transfusions (cumulative 40 mL/kg) for anemia. Once stabilized, the leech was removed by direct laryngoscopy using McGill forceps. Hemoglobin had risen to 11 g/dL by the sixth hospital day, and the patient was discharged in good condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Oropharyngeal leech infestation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden-onset epistaxis, blood-stained saliva, and severe anemia in children from rural settings who drink unfiltered river water. Early detection and removal of the leech can be lifesaving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e02785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149155949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacillus clausii-associated bacteremia following probiotic use: A report of two cases and a review of the literature 使用益生菌后的克劳杆菌相关菌血症：两例报告及文献回顾

IF 0.9

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02792

Samuel Jesus Borrero Sanchez, Mariana Quintero Carbono, Juan Jose Espitia De La Hoz, Hugo Andrés Macareno Arroyo

{"title":"Bacillus clausii-associated bacteremia following probiotic use: A report of two cases and a review of the literature","authors":"Samuel Jesus Borrero Sanchez, Mariana Quintero Carbono, Juan Jose Espitia De La Hoz, Hugo Andrés Macareno Arroyo","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacillus clausii</em> bacteremia is a rare but clinically significant complication associated with probiotic use in hospitalized patients. We report two cases in which a clear temporal relationship was observed between probiotic administration and subsequent isolation of <em>B. clausii</em> from blood cultures. In both patients, identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), identifying <em>B. clausii</em>, consistent with the microorganism contained in the administered probiotic. Comprehensive clinical evaluation did not identify an alternative source specifically accounting for the isolation of <em>B. clausii</em>. Although <em>B. clausii</em> bacteremia was microbiologically documented in both cases, its contribution to clinical deterioration and death in the second patient could not be established because of severe concomitant infections and other competing conditions. Both patients had significant comorbidities, recent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, and clinical conditions potentially associated with impaired gastrointestinal barrier integrity, factors that may facilitate bacterial translocation and support the biological plausibility of probiotic-associated bacteremia. Although strain-specific evidence suggests that some probiotics, including <em>B. clausii</em>, may reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea, these potential benefits should be weighed against the risk of invasive infection in vulnerable patients. These cases highlight the importance of individualized risk–benefit assessment when prescribing probiotics in vulnerable hospitalized patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e02792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149212177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nosocomial oral myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana in Iran: A new case and review of human myiasis in the country 伊朗金虫引起的医院内口腔蝇蛆病：伊朗人蝇蛆病新病例及回顾

IF 1

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02497

Seyed Reza Mirbadie , Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh , Fateme Skandary , Eissa Soleymani , Fatemeh Nikbin , Alireza Sazmand

引用次数: 0

Severe falciparum malaria remains a threat in East Kalimantan: A case report 严重恶性疟疾在东加里曼丹仍然是一个威胁：一个病例报告

IF 1

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02490

Carta A. Gunawan, Henry P. Mangiri

引用次数: 0

Extensive necrotizing fasciitis in an immunocompetent neonate leading to rectovulvar and rectovaginal fistulae: A case report 广泛坏死性筋膜炎在免疫能力的新生儿导致直肠外阴和直肠阴道瘘：1例报告

IF 1

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02487

Afra Mohammed Alkaabi, Aadi Gupta, Maithah Mohammed Alkaabi, Mohammad Ilyas Bader

{"title":"Extensive necrotizing fasciitis in an immunocompetent neonate leading to rectovulvar and rectovaginal fistulae: A case report","authors":"Afra Mohammed Alkaabi, Aadi Gupta, Maithah Mohammed Alkaabi, Mohammad Ilyas Bader","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but life-threatening soft tissue infection in neonates, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Perineal involvement in female neonates is particularly uncommon and may lead to devastating complications.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 5-week-old previously healthy female infant presented with a 10-day history of a generalized rash that later localized to the perianal region and limbs, developing into ulceration. The condition evolved into extensive perineal necrosis complicated by rectovulvar and rectovaginal fistulae. Initial clinical features were suggestive of eczema herpeticum with secondary bacterial infection, and empirical antiviral and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was initiated. HSV PCR was not performed, however, HSV-1/2 IgG levels were markedly elevated. Blood and peritoneal swab cultures were negative, while ulcer biopsy and wound swab cultures grew <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae.</em> Despite medical therapy, the infant deteriorated and required urgent surgical intervention. Management included superficial perineal debridement and a diverting sigmoid colostomy. Advanced immunological evaluation, including functional testing and whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing did not identify an underlying immunodeficiency. The perineal wounds healed with fecal diversion and local wound care, and the colostomy was successfully reversed six weeks later with good functional outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights that severe perineal necrotizing fasciitis can occur in immunocompetent neonates and may be complicated by rare rectovulvar and rectovaginal fistulae. Early recognition, multidisciplinary care, and timely fecal diversion are critical to achieving favorable outcomes, even in the absence of identifiable immunodeficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Typhoid Fever goes rogue: A rare & unusual case of concurrent typhoid hepatitis and splenic abscess in an immunocompetent adult 伤寒去流氓：一个罕见的和不寻常的情况下并发伤寒肝炎和脾脓肿在一个免疫能力的成年人

IF 1

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02471

Chandan Kumar Baranwal , Manish Thakur , Kanika Soni

{"title":"Typhoid Fever goes rogue: A rare & unusual case of concurrent typhoid hepatitis and splenic abscess in an immunocompetent adult","authors":"Chandan Kumar Baranwal , Manish Thakur , Kanika Soni","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Summary</h3><div>This case report describes a rare instance of simultaneous typhoid hepatitis and splenic abscess in a 27-year-old immunocompetent male from India. The patient presented with high fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, and vomiting, and was mimicking acute viral hepatitis or disseminated tuberculosis finally diagnosed with Salmonella typhi infection following extensive diagnostic & therapeutic evaluations. Despite the seriousness of hepatic and splenic involvement, especially in the absence of underlying immunodeficiency, the patient responded well to appropriate antibiotic therapy. The report highlights the diagnostic challenges and clinical significance of atypical typhoid complications, emphasizing the importance of timely recognition and treatment to improve outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In India, infection with <em>Salmonella typhi</em>, causing typhoid fever, is quite common. This may sometimes mimic other infectious diseases, complicating the diagnosis and management of these patients. Typhoid fever is a multisystem illness transmitted by the Feco-oral route, primarily through contaminated water and undercooked food, caused by Salmonella typhi and <em>Salmonella paratyphi.</em> It carries an important health concern, especially in tropical and developing countries. <span><span>[1]</span></span>, <span><span>[2]</span></span> The gastrointestinal complications related to <em>Salmonella typhi</em> infection are Ileal perforation/ulceration, and may lead to obstruction and have been commonly reported. <span><span>[1]</span></span> Apart from that, involvement of the liver and spleen in typhoid fever is a serious concern. Here we are representing a case that presented with typhoid hepatitis and typhoid splenic abscess.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: A case report 白内障术后并发耐多药人性葡萄球菌眼内炎1例。

IF 1

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02508

Athina Droulia , Foteini Gyftaki , Panagiotis Stavrakas , Vasileios Papastavrou , Evripidis Sykakis , George Margetis , Athanasios Margetis , Anastasia Tsiogka

{"title":"Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: A case report","authors":"Athina Droulia , Foteini Gyftaki , Panagiotis Stavrakas , Vasileios Papastavrou , Evripidis Sykakis , George Margetis , Athanasios Margetis , Anastasia Tsiogka","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare but vision-threatening complication of cataract surgery. Multidrug-resistant organisms present additional therapeutic challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We report a 52-year-old man who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification for posterior subcapsular cataract. On the first postoperative day, visual acuity was 8/10, but inflammation gradually appeared without the classic signs of endophthalmitis. On the fifth postoperative day, the patient's vision deteriorated significantly, reaching 1/10, accompanied by a strong inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed and vancomycin and ceftazidime were administered intravitreally. <em>Staphylococcus hominis</em>, resistant to most common antibiotics but sensitive to gentamicin, was isolated from the vitreous culture. The medication was modified accordingly, with topical gentamicin and oral doxycycline, under daily close monitoring. One month later, cystoid macular edema appeared, which was successfully treated with acetazolamide, topical corticosteroids, and bromfenac. Three months after surgery, the patient's vision had returned to 9/10 without any permanent damage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early surgical intervention, culture-guided therapy, and intensive follow-up can preserve vision even in postoperative endophthalmitis due to multidrug-resistant organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurobrucellosis presenting with concurrent paraplegia and global aphasia in an elderly butcher: A case report and literature review 神经布鲁氏菌病并发截瘫和全面失语在一个老年屠夫：一个病例报告和文献复习。

IF 1

IDCases Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02520

Davood Sanaei Delir Zavaragh , Negar Abbasi Jamaat , Yasamin Pourabedini Aghdam , Amir Ehtemami , Kamyar Khazaei

{"title":"Neurobrucellosis presenting with concurrent paraplegia and global aphasia in an elderly butcher: A case report and literature review","authors":"Davood Sanaei Delir Zavaragh , Negar Abbasi Jamaat , Yasamin Pourabedini Aghdam , Amir Ehtemami , Kamyar Khazaei","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Brucellosis is a prevalent zoonotic infection and presents with wide range of clinical manifestations, including rare but severe neurological complications.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We report the case of a 68-year-old male butcher presenting with global aphasia, paraplegia, incontinence, excessive sweating two weeks prior to admission, and significant weight loss over eight months. Initial evaluations, including brain CT, lumbar puncture, and neurological studies were inconclusive. Spinal MRI showed L1-L2 spondylodiscitis. Serological tests, cerebrospinal fluid culture, and positive Brucella melitensis PCR supported a neurobrucellosis diagnosis. Treatment with a combination of gentamicin, ceftriaxone, rifampicin, and doxycycline was initiated, followed by outpatient therapy with rifampicin, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for three months. Significant symptom improvement and declining serological titers were observed over two years of follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of neurobrucellosis due to its nonspecific presentation and emphasize on the importance of considering such etiologies in patients with unexplained neurological symptoms, particularly in endemic regions like Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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