Pacific Affairs最新文献_第3页

India’s Democracy: The Competitive Authoritarian Propensity? 印度的民主:竞争性威权倾向?

4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5509/2023964747

Rahul Mukherji, Seyed Hossein Zarhani

{"title":"India’s Democracy: The Competitive Authoritarian Propensity?","authors":"Rahul Mukherji, Seyed Hossein Zarhani","doi":"10.5509/2023964747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5509/2023964747","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains and corroborates the mechanisms by which civic and political spaces opposed to Hindu nationalism have been attacked, especially after the arrival of the right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in 2014. Three mechanisms are discerned for replacing pluralistic values with Hindu majoritarian ones. Sometimes institutions are just allowed to drift by interpreting old rules in new ways. For example, no formal rules for media control have changed but the government’s control over media has increased substantially. At other times, incremental legal and policy changes are executed to make the change explicit, often building on a new moral purpose. To give another example, the FCRA (2010) was amended and weaponized against NGOs in a layered way in 2020. Finally, when political opposition is weak, institutions that have provided guarantees for protecting diversity have simply been displaced by new and radically different ones. This was the case with abrogating Article 370, which converted the special status of the subnational state of Jammu and Kashmir to the status of two federally administered union territories—Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. These mechanisms place India in a competitive authoritarian frame, where those in power deploy electoral majorities to systematically attack the political opposition, making it more difficult for it to rise. Despite these propensities, opposition parties have won elections in some of India’s subnational states. The challenges facing the world’s most populous democracy are significant, even though competitive elements co-exist. These elements in a competitive authoritarian regime, however, are under severe stress. India’s democratic credentials can be revived only if the competitive elements of India’s democracy stand united against ethno-nationalist Hindu majoritarianism.","PeriodicalId":47041,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Affairs","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134979945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multicultural at the Meso-Level: Governing Diversity within the Family in South Korea 中观层面的多元文化:管理韩国家庭内部的多样性

4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5509/2023964701

Darcie Draudt

{"title":"Multicultural at the Meso-Level: Governing Diversity within the Family in South Korea","authors":"Darcie Draudt","doi":"10.5509/2023964701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5509/2023964701","url":null,"abstract":"Departing from extant studies that largely focus on gender roles, norm diffusion, or ethnonationalism, this paper highlights policy siting as one understudied factor in determining why and when states manage cultural diversity. Using the case of South Korea’s family-centred multicultural policy, the paper contributes to the growing body of literature on comparative policymaking, multiculturalism, and multi-level citizenship by foregrounding the processes by which governing elites target specific meso-level social institutions as privileged sites of diversity governance. The paper draws on immersive field research conducted between 2017 and 2023 to introduce and analyze the concept of familial multiculturalism to explain how the state locates diversity governance mainly within the family and between family and broader society. Siting diversity governance in powerful meso-level institutions like the nuclear family in shaping state multiculturalism is not unique to Korea. Rather, the paper contends that these institutions play a significant role in cultural management endeavours worldwide. While the content of a multicultural site depends on history and national context, states worldwide seek to mitigate social friction and political backlash by targeting certain intercultural relations and negating or delegitimizing others. The paper concludes with a discussion of the contemporary political ramifications of Korea’s multiculturalism and prospects for future broadening and deepening.","PeriodicalId":47041,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Affairs","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vietnam's War Against COVID-19 越南抗击新冠肺炎战争

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022954757

H. V. Luong

引用次数: 3

The Politics of Pakistan's COVID-19 Response: A State-in-Society Approach 巴基斯坦应对新冠肺炎的政治：社会中的国家方法

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022954731

A. Qureshi

{"title":"The Politics of Pakistan's COVID-19 Response: A State-in-Society Approach","authors":"A. Qureshi","doi":"10.5509/2022954731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5509/2022954731","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes a \"state-in society\" approach to understand the evolution of Pakistan's COVID-19 response, which was laid claim to and contested by multiple agencies within and adjacent to the state, and by multiple levels of government. The capacity of the health system of Pakistan\u0000 was already overstretched by the needs of its population but in recent years it has been hamstrung by ongoing protests by the medical community concerning the privatisation of public sector hospitals, to which were added protests over the lack of PPE in the public sector. These resulted in\u0000 frequent closures of out-patient departments at major hospitals. When the government announced a relief package to mitigate effects of COVID, traders and big businesses lobbied the government to obtain the lion's share in the form of concessions such as loan deferments and tax refunds. The\u0000 unconditional cash grants programme was hyped about by the government but the cash for the poor could not be disbursed effectively due to the absence of local governments at the grass-root level. As an appropriate response to the pandemic, especially in relation to the lockdown policies, was\u0000 contested and negotiated among multiple actors in the Pakistani state and society, the Pakistan military emerged as a dominant force in this \"field of power\". In this paper, I present an account of Pakistan's response to COVID-19 as it evolved in 2020 and discuss the implications of this response\u0000 for democratic culture in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":47041,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48889945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Between Surveillance and Freedom: Techno-Politics in South Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic 在监督与自由之间:新冠疫情期间韩国的技术政治

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022954787

Jaeho Kang

引用次数: 0

Covid-19 in Asia: Governance And The Politics of the Pandemic 2019冠状病毒病在亚洲:疫情治理与政治

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022954685

J. Harriss, H. V. Luong

引用次数: 1

Why Was the Pandemic Poorly Managed by the Government of India? A State-in-Society Approach 为什么印度政府对疫情管理不力？社会状态方法

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022954707

J. Harriss

引用次数: 0

Democratic Breakdown through Lawfare by Constitutional Courts: The Case of Post-"Democratic Transition" Thailand 通过宪法法院的法律战来瓦解民主:泰国后“民主转型”的案例

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022953475

Eugénie Mérieau

{"title":"Democratic Breakdown through Lawfare by Constitutional Courts: The Case of Post-\"Democratic Transition\" Thailand","authors":"Eugénie Mérieau","doi":"10.5509/2022953475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5509/2022953475","url":null,"abstract":"Third-wave democracies have massively adopted mechanisms of judicial review, notably constitutional courts, considered key institutions of successful democratic transitions. By preventing abuses of the constitution and safeguarding people's rights, they act as a bulwark against the\u0000 claims of potential autocrats. In Thailand, the 1997 democratic transition led to the adoption of a powerful constitutional court tasked with safeguarding democracy from the threats of populism, corruption, and authoritarianism. Yet since its inception, the court's record has been puzzling.\u0000 It has dissolved most, if not all, of the pro-democracy, anti-military political parties, dismissed all elected prime ministers, and paved the way for two military coups. In short, against established theories linking constitutional courts to democratization, the introduction of constitutional\u0000 review in Thailand has led to democratic breakdown. To make sense of this puzzle, this article will investigate three variables of the court—strategic interests, ideologies, and institutional design—within the larger bureaucratic structure of the Thai state, to account for the\u0000 anti-democratic behaviour of Thailand's Constitutional Court. This piece considers materials in Thai and English.","PeriodicalId":47041,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Failed Autocratization: Malaysia under Najib Razak (2009–2018)

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022953527

Andreas Ufen

引用次数: 2

Post-democratizing Politics in Southeast and Northeast Asia 东南亚和东北亚的后民主化政治

IF 1.6 4区社会学

Pacific Affairs Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.5509/2022953417

J. I. Chong, Norma Osterberg-Kaufmann

{"title":"Post-democratizing Politics in Southeast and Northeast Asia","authors":"J. I. Chong, Norma Osterberg-Kaufmann","doi":"10.5509/2022953417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5509/2022953417","url":null,"abstract":"A growing global trend towards authoritarianism has left democracy, especially its liberal form, under strain. This has occurred despite earlier promises of democratization between the end of the Cold War and the early twenty-first century. Our essay examines how the dynamics of post-democratization\u0000 politics have played out across several polities in Southeast and Northeast Asia. These regions once included supposed \"third wave\" democracies and polities apparently on the cusp of political liberalization. Such expectations have not panned out. Instead, the region has generally witnessed\u0000 either significant authoritarian resilience or autocratic resurgence following spurts of political openness. We examine how such autocratic dynamics have played out following earlier movements toward democratization. Specifically, we identify three key elements of post- democratization politics\u0000 associated with autocratic success and democratic robustness based on contributions to this special issue, and suggest pathways through which they can a ect political outcomes. Dominant beliefs can prime accommodation with authoritarianism given pervasive acceptance of state-driven\u0000 ideologies while identification with liberal values can drive democratic consolidation and resistance to autocracy, regardless of wealth and education. Ostensibly democratic institutions, such as constitutional courts, can become anti-democratic instruments when the exercise of their independent\u0000 prerogatives means upholding autocratic tendencies that align with their interests and outlooks. Agents and their decisions can both prompt and stymie autocratization, whether intentionally or inadvertently; strategies to consolidate authority can fracture even dominant ruling coalitions.\u0000 Examining the role ideas, institutions, and agents play in post-democratic politics can further e orts at understanding the current authoritarian wave and its limits.","PeriodicalId":47041,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41419920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1