{"title":"HER2-Targeting Affibody Equipped with Albumin-Binding Small Molecules for Radiotheranostics","authors":"Weichen Wang,Ao Shen,Mingxing Huang,Rang Wang,Wei Chen,Guangming Shen,Yaguang Wang,Junshan Geng,Zhao Chen,Dawen Niu,Rong Tian,Yingwei Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract HER2-targeting affibody radioprobes are often limited by rapid systemic clearance and excessive renal accumulation. Herein, we develop a modular chemical strategy to optimize the pharmacokinetic properties of affibodies through conjugation of small-molecule albumin-binding motifs (ABMs). Enabled by our selective S-glycosylation approach, ABMs were introduced via a sugar-based linker, allowing systematic modulation of probe behavior. Evaluation of sugar-modified variants revealed that sugar structure plays a critical role in regulating in vivo distribution, with the GalNAc-modified probe [68Ga]Ga-5c exhibiting favorable tumor-to-background contrast in PET/CT imaging. Further incorporation of ABMs afforded GalNAc-IPBA-functionalized affibody [177Lu]Lu-10a, which achieved an 17-fold extension of circulation half-life, reduced renal accumulation, and maintained efficient tumor targeting. Therapeutically, [177Lu]Lu-10a induced 86.25% tumor growth inhibition with minimal systemic toxicity. This study provides a modular strategy for overcoming pharmacokinetic limitations of affibody-based radiotheranostics.","PeriodicalId":46,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sven Herschel,Thomas Ullrich,Enrico Schmidt,Jean Quancard,Dennis Schade
{"title":"The Phenotypic Hit-to-Probe Challenge","authors":"Sven Herschel,Thomas Ullrich,Enrico Schmidt,Jean Quancard,Dennis Schade","doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) fuels the clinical pipelines with first-in-class therapeutic modalities. Success rates depend on the quality of the assay models and can be hampered by resource-intensive processes of target and mode-of-action deconvolution. A critical part of this practice is generating focused sets of phenotypic probes to accelerate in vivo validation and to support target/concept tractability and translatability, raising the question of which phenotypic hit analogues to synthesize as high-quality chemical probes for a given campaign. Here, we outline recommendations and discuss criteria tailored to the specific demands of phenotypic probes. With examples of successful PDD programs, some of which have yielded approved first-in-class drugs, we illustrate common design principles. These underscore that phenotypic probes benefit from (a) availability of matched pairs of active/inactive stereoisomers, (b) ligand topology-guided optimization, and (c) exit vectors for ADME- and target deconvolution-driven acceleration of early in vivo proof-of-concept and advancement towards clinical candidates.","PeriodicalId":46,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianxiang Huang,Xin Qiao,Chunhao Zhu,Xiaobing Lan,Shaoyong Lu
{"title":"Ligand-Dependent Affinity but State-Dominated Efficacy in Structure-Based GPCR Pharmacology Prediction","authors":"Jianxiang Huang,Xin Qiao,Chunhao Zhu,Xiaobing Lan,Shaoyong Lu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02866","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High accuracy in structure-based prediction of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) efficacy may reflect the receptor state rather than ligand-specific information. We addressed these information sources using state rules, ligand-blind baselines, matched receptor-state contrasts, ligand permutation, and out-of-distribution (OOD) evaluation, with affinity prediction as a positive control. State rules and ligand-blind geometry achieved binary-efficacy-balanced accuracies of 0.844−0.910 and 0.777−0.870, respectively. Of 75 ligand-aware evaluations, 72 failed at least one prespecified ligand-sensitivity condition, and three lacked required evidence; none met all required criteria. Affinity pretraining gave no detectable efficacy benefit over matched random initialization. In contrast, ligand chemistry supported affinity prediction across 14,740 measured pairs, and all 12 primary affinity permutation comparisons deteriorated, although this advantage did not persist under scaffold, family, or combined OOD splits. Accuracy on endpoint structures therefore cannot alone establish ligand-specific efficacy learning; the findings do not set a general limit on such learning.","PeriodicalId":46,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongxiu Li,Yue Jin,Jiabao Zhuang,Jiawen Chen,Yuhe Zhou,Xue Zhao,Na Zhao,Nan Li
{"title":"Lipid Droplet-Targeted Near-Infrared II Type I AIE Photosensitizer Promotes Ferroptosis by Activating Lipophagy","authors":"Dongxiu Li,Yue Jin,Jiabao Zhuang,Jiawen Chen,Yuhe Zhou,Xue Zhao,Na Zhao,Nan Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01831","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lipophagy, a selective autophagic pathway, maintains lipid homeostasis and contributes to ferroptosis by supplying lipid peroxidation substrates. However, organic photosensitizers that activate lipophagy to promote ferroptosis remain scarce. Herein, we developed a NIR-II emissive photosensitizer (MBTTD) targeting lipid droplets (LDs). Compared with its analogue MBTTA, stronger electron-withdrawing groups bathochromically shifted absorption/emission and tuned excited-state decay, enabling efficient type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and high photothermal conversion efficiency. MBTTD nanoparticles (NPs) localized to LDs upon cellular uptake. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, MBTTD NP-mediated phototherapy disrupted LDs and induced Rab7-regulated lipophagy, releasing polyunsaturated fatty acids that underwent ROS-driven peroxidation, triggering extensive lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Concurrently, MBTTD-NP-mediated phototherapy triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. MBTTD NPs showed favorable biocompatibility and potent therapeutic efficacy in multicellular tumor spheroids. In vivo studies revealed that MBTTD NPs enabled NIR-II imaging-guided phototherapy, suppressing 4T1 tumor growth without significant systemic toxicity.","PeriodicalId":46,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery of GTA182, a Novel CNS-Active Tricyclic Amide MTA-Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitor for\u0000 MTAP\u0000 -Deleted Cancers","authors":"Bing Yao,Weifeng Mao,Minghua Wang,Junqing Zhang,Shanshan Xie,Kai Cheng,Xinbo Hu,Wei Liu,Xiangping Zhang,Zhengqing Zhu,James D. Joseph,Mingxi Li,Xiaohui Gu,Fred Aswad","doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c02121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Developing central nervous system (CNS) active, MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors for MTAP-deleted malignancies represents a formidable challenge. Here, we report the discovery of GTA182 via structure-based drug design. Multi-parameter optimization balanced single-digit nanomolar potency and >100-fold MTAP-deletion selectivity with dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. Optimized physicochemical properties, and minimal efflux delivered unbound brain concentrations within the efficacious range. Oral GTA182 demonstrated robust MTAP deletion-dependent efficacy, achieving net regression at 30 mg/kg (102% TGI) in MTAP-deleted HCT116 xenografts (versus 41% TGI in WT) alongside 59% regression and extended median survival (>91 days) in the orthotopic U87MG-luc glioblastoma model. In a Phase I trial (CTR20243795), GTA182 was well tolerated, shrank intracranial tumors, and achieved an overall objective response rate (ORR) approaching 30%. These properties establish GTA182 as a promising therapeutic candidate for MTAP-deleted systemic and CNS malignancies.","PeriodicalId":46,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}