Biosocieties最新文献_第3页

Guardians of ableist family formation: the legitimation work of Danish abortion committees in cases of termination for fetal anomaly 健全家庭组成的守护者：丹麦堕胎委员会在因胎儿异常而终止妊娠的案例中的合法化工作

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00319-6

{"title":"Guardians of ableist family formation: the legitimation work of Danish abortion committees in cases of termination for fetal anomaly","authors":"","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00319-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00319-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In Denmark, pregnant persons have a statutory right to abortion on-demand in the first trimester of pregnancy, after which abortion must be sanctioned by a regional abortion committee and may be warranted if there is danger that the fetus will suffer a serious mental or physical disability, yet what precisely constitutes ‘danger’ and ‘seriousness’ are left in the hands of the juridical abortion system to interpret. In this article, I explore how jurists and doctors arrive at and legitimate the authorization of disability-selective abortion. Building on van Wichelen’s (Legitimating life: adoption in the age of globalization and biotechnology, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2019) concept of ‘legitimation work,’ I show how abortion committees make legal decisions by dividing and distributing the task of —and moral responsibility for—making life-ending decisions by leaning on established legal practice, what I refer to as <em>bureaucratic legitimation work</em>; risk estimates made by external medical experts, what I refer to as <em>collaborative legitimation work</em>; and the ethical panacea of individual autonomy and informed choice, what I refer to as <em>ethopolitical legitimation work</em>. I argue that in conjunction, these forms of legitimation work turn termination of almost every non-conforming fetus into legitimate acts, hereby safeguarding ableist family formation. </p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accept no limits: biocontainment and the construction of a safer space for experimentation in xenobiology as a legacy of Asilomar 不接受任何限制：作为阿西洛马会议的遗产，生物封闭与为异种生物学实验构建更安全的空间

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00322-x

{"title":"Accept no limits: biocontainment and the construction of a safer space for experimentation in xenobiology as a legacy of Asilomar","authors":"","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00322-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00322-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Researchers in xenobiology, a subdiscipline of synthetic biology, aim to build a ‘second nature’ with nucleic acid analogues, termed Xeno-nucleic acids (XNA). They promise biosafe technologies, based on the impossibility of transferring genetic material to other organisms and controlling the proliferation of genetically modified microorganisms. Proponents of xenobiology have employed metaphors and narratives that represent the separation of synthetic life from DNA-based, constituting a safer space for the exploration and navigation of virtual biological worlds. Based on interviews with synthetic biologists and participant observation in a synthetic biology laboratory, I argue that the reconfiguration of nature that xenobiologists seek is inspired by the vision of design and governance laid out in the 1975 Asilomar conference, so normative aims of safety are co-produced with visions of unnaturalness. I interrogate the types of limits that xenobiologists aim to cross, to propose that they conceive limits as pushing beyond what is biologically plausible, finding the challenge motivating. I show that the division between the natural and the unnatural is not clearly established as xenobiologists portray. In giving priority to safety as the determinant of the permissibility of new technologies, who gets to define nature and its limits remains restricted to scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hormonal stories: a new materialist exploration of hormonal emplotment in four case studies 荷尔蒙故事：四项案例研究中对荷尔蒙情节的新唯物主义探索

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00317-8

{"title":"Hormonal stories: a new materialist exploration of hormonal emplotment in four case studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00317-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00317-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Hormones are complex biosocial objects that provoke myriad cultural narratives through their association with social activities and identities, and these narratives have the power to shape people’s lived realities and bodies. While hormones were historically conceptualised as ‘master molecules’ capable of controlling various life processes, their explanatory potential has now been overshadowed by technoscientific developments like omics- and gene-based biotechnologies that have reframed how human bodies and behaviours are understood. Considering these shifts, this paper asks what roles hormones perform and what stories they are arousing today. Through a patchwork of four hormone stories about contraception, gender hacking, birth, and autism-specific horse therapy, we show how hormones remain vital protagonists in the constitution of bodies, affects, environments, places, politics, and selves in the contemporary period. Building on new materialist approaches, we adopt and extend the notion of ‘emplotment’ to encapsulate how hormones act as key characters in our plots. They are working to complicate dominant understandings of what bodies are and can be in new ways as they mediate different plots of bodily experience, in ways showing the ongoing powerful salience of hormones and their ascendancy in the present.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139580339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formatting patient knowledge and channelling participation: how patient organisations work under authoritarianism 患者知识的格式化与参与的引导：患者组织如何在专制主义下开展工作

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00316-9

Vlas Nikulkin, Olga Zvonareva

引用次数: 0

Sensing inequity: technological solutionism, biodiversity conservation, and environmental DNA 感知不平等:技术解决方案主义、生物多样性保护和环境DNA

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00315-w

Elaine W. Shen, Jessica M. Vandenberg, Amelia Moore

{"title":"Sensing inequity: technological solutionism, biodiversity conservation, and environmental DNA","authors":"Elaine W. Shen, Jessica M. Vandenberg, Amelia Moore","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00315-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00315-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) has risen in popularity as a genetically-based method to enumerate species in natural ecosystems, and it is well positioned to be integrated into biodiversity monitoring and conservation initiatives. While the field has made great strides in methodological development, it has largely avoided discussion of its potential inequitable social outcomes. In this paper, we argue that the social asymmetries of eDNA are under-addressed precisely because of how it is framed and valued by powerful actors who may benefit from the technology’s proliferation. We use a framework of representational rhetorics to articulate the discursive process by which the biodiversity crisis is distilled into problems of data-deficiency and inefficiency in scientific articles such that eDNA offers the exact corresponding technological solution. This framing helps justify eDNA’s implementation in local, global, and corporate spheres, despite the methodology’s uncertainties and limitations. It may also enable future inequitable outcomes through sidelining other forms of biodiversity knowledge and enclosing biodiversity information through processes of genetic commodification and privatization. We engage with critiques of neoliberal conservation, big data, and (biodiversity) genomics made by political ecologists and feminist science and technology studies scholars to help reorient the eDNA field towards more equity-oriented discursive practices and implementations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"70 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to national cultures of animals, care and science 介绍各国动物文化、护理和科学

4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00314-x

Carrie Friese, Tarquin Holmes, Reuben Message

引用次数: 0

Conceptualization of genotype–phenotype relationships and the assessment of risk in advertising of direct-to-consumer and preimplantation polygenic tests 基因型-表型关系的概念化和直接面向消费者和植入前多基因检测广告的风险评估

4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00313-y

María Alejandra Petino Zappala, Lucía Ariza, Natacha Salomé Lima

引用次数: 0

Figuring the ‘cynical scientist’ in British animal science: the politics of invisibility 英国动物科学中的“愤世嫉俗的科学家”:隐形政治

4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00312-z

Tarquin Holmes, Carrie Friese

{"title":"Figuring the ‘cynical scientist’ in British animal science: the politics of invisibility","authors":"Tarquin Holmes, Carrie Friese","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00312-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00312-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates the ‘cynical scientist’ as a figure in British animal science discourse that developed in relation to the nineteenth-century emergence of the ‘sceptical scientist’. Here, efforts by scientists to demarcate their profession’s territory led to religious backlash against an alleged ‘divorce’ of British science from Christian morality. Animal experimentation became embroiled in this controversy through antivivisectionists’ conviction that animal research was symptomatic of scientific scepticism and Continental atheism’s malign influence. Accusations of cynicism ultimately forced British scientists to accept legal regulation following the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection. British scientists were, however, able to utilise their political leverage and credibility as experts to favourably influence licensing and inspection. We suggest that efforts to silence public claims of scientific cynicism may have enabled ‘cynical scientists’ to remain invisible and that this was marked by privilege and power, not marginality. Nevertheless, we argue that regulation and reforms have also worked to internalise within British animal science the notion that scientific cynicism must be combatted through proper governance and internal discipline.","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134887119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of COVID-19 on imagined reproductive futures COVID-19对想象中的生殖未来的影响

4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00310-1

Charlotte Abel

{"title":"The effects of COVID-19 on imagined reproductive futures","authors":"Charlotte Abel","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00310-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00310-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Macro-level crises affect individual lives and behaviors. One of COVID-19’s many effects was to disrupt the way people imagined their own and their children’s’ futures or imagined reproductive futures . Using 65 interviews collected between March and July 2020 with mothers who experienced pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period at the onset of COVID-19 in the US, this study examines two elements of reproduction and futurity; first, how the pandemic exacerbated health, economic, racial, and global emergency stressors to create unique reproductive experiences and nuanced imagined reproductive futures. Second, I use Lee Edelman’s concept of reproductive futurism amidst COVID-19 to inquire whether reproduction maintains a compulsory sense of optimism amidst periods of social disruption. I find that despite the various stressors and in addition to the shared disruption of the pandemic, there remains a widespread maternal optimism about reproduction across birthing people with different intersectional social identities. Diverse imaginations of futurity are likely to impact reproductive practices and the meaning-making associated with them; in this research, I use maternal subjectivities to illustrate how narratives and experiences of reproduction are contextual, and offer a distinct avenue toward theoretical analyses of futurity.","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foetal programming meets human capital: biological plasticity, development, and the limits to the economization of life 胎儿编程符合人力资本:生物可塑性，发展和限制的经济生活

4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00309-8

Tessa Moll, Maurizio Meloni, Ayuba Issaka

引用次数: 0