Biosocieties最新文献_第2页

Reproducing the normal and the pathological in personalized cancer medicine clinical trials 在个性化癌症医学临床试验中再现正常和病理现象

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-024-00329-y

Nadav Even Chorev, Dani Filc

{"title":"Reproducing the normal and the pathological in personalized cancer medicine clinical trials","authors":"Nadav Even Chorev, Dani Filc","doi":"10.1057/s41292-024-00329-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-024-00329-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The medical practice termed Personalized Medicine ideally uses all the patient’s possible characteristics in predicting disease predisposition and response to therapy, but primarily employs the individual’s unique molecular make-up in the tailoring of treatment. This change in medical practice also entails an epistemic shift towards ‘molecularization’: individuals and disease are now understood and governed through life’s basic building blocks. In this paper we argue that underlying personalized medicine is a continued understanding of the pathological state as a quantitative deviation from a normal state. In this we build on the critique of French philosopher Georges Canguilhem who positioned the quantitative interpretation of the pathological in nineteenth century medical thinking. Personalized cancer medicine takes each patient’s cancer as singular, implying that there is no ‘normal’ baseline for comparing individual pathology. We analyze cases of personalized cancer clinical trials from recent years to show that each displays a quantitative understanding of the pathological reminiscent of past thinking in two main modes: a molecularized interpretation of cancer pathology and a quantitative measuring of targeted therapy efficacy. We situate the analysis in broader discussions of historical medical shifts and in current studies of personalized medicine, to outline implications of this form of continuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing the value of human bodily material: a bioconstitutional analysis 利用人体材料的价值：生物制度分析

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-024-00327-0

Hadrien Macq, Céline Parotte, Pierre Delvenne

{"title":"Harnessing the value of human bodily material: a bioconstitutional analysis","authors":"Hadrien Macq, Céline Parotte, Pierre Delvenne","doi":"10.1057/s41292-024-00327-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-024-00327-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human tissues and cells are now recognized as an important source of health and wealth. As such, public authorities have assumed responsibility for regulating their procurement, storage and use. Looking at the interactions between law and life through the lens of ‘bioconstitutionalism’, we specifically ask how human bodily material (HBM) is regulated and explore the resulting changing relationships between citizens, public authorities and researchers in Belgium, a country where the pharmaceutical industry weighs heavily in terms of employment and economic growth. We examine the regulation of HBM and show how the Belgian bioconstitutional order increasingly promotes research by facilitating the availability and use of HBM in the hope that this will fuel the engine of innovation, employment, and economic growth. We argue that this represents a turnaround from traditional conceptions of biological citizenship, as the state’s demand that its citizens donate their HBM for research is reinforced. We emphasize that what it means to be “altruistic” is being reshaped within a new moral economy of donation, without a clear recognition of this reshaping: while citizens are crucial contributors to the development of the bioeconomy, they are excluded from participating in the governance of how this bioeconomy develops. </p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What to do with the new molecular publics: the vernacularization of pathogen genomics and the future of infectious disease biosocialities 如何对待新的分子公众：病原体基因组学的本土化与传染病生物社会性的未来

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-024-00326-1

Stephen Molldrem

{"title":"What to do with the new molecular publics: the vernacularization of pathogen genomics and the future of infectious disease biosocialities","authors":"Stephen Molldrem","doi":"10.1057/s41292-024-00326-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-024-00326-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent decades have seen expansions in the subfield of pathogen genomic epidemiology, also called ‘molecular epidemiology.’ Practitioners in this area analyze pathogen genetic sequence data to identify the emergence of pathogen subtypes or ‘variants,’ including ones that have evolved to have problematic biological characteristics such as greater transmissibility or treatment resistance. The field’s prominence has led to public controversies surrounding applications of pathogen genomics in disease control. The most highly visible examples occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the designation of SARS-CoV-2 ‘Variants of Concern’ by the World Health Organization shaped public health strategies, media stories, and everyday talk about the pandemic. Drawing on several cases, I argue that controversies around uses of pathogen genomics have driven the emergence of a novel kind of socio-technical form, which I call a ‘molecular public.’ Molecular publics materialize when pathogen genomic science enters public discourse through news media or similar means, followed by people recognizing themselves as being potentially at risk of becoming infected with a particular pathogen subtype or affected by policy responses to a variant. I present molecular publics as a useful analytic for social studies of infectious disease and a vector through which novel biosocialities mediated by pathogens can emerge.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Being useful, I think it's the result of a sick society”: Critical reflections on reproductive politics and markets by women freezing their eggs in Spain "有用，我认为这是病态社会的结果"：西班牙冷冻卵子妇女对生育政治和市场的批判性思考

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00321-y

Sara Lafuente-Funes

{"title":"“Being useful, I think it's the result of a sick society”: Critical reflections on reproductive politics and markets by women freezing their eggs in Spain","authors":"Sara Lafuente-Funes","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00321-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00321-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This piece analyzes the way in which women that froze, are considering freezing or are freezing their eggs in Spain think critically about broader reproductive politics in Spain and about assisted reproduction. Drawing partially on previous studies around egg freezing, Thomas Lemke has suggested that cryopreservation practices represent a “politics of suspension” characterized by both reversibility and disposition, and concomitant with broader political inaction (Lemke in Sci Technol Hum Values 48(4):1–27, 2021). Drawing on feminist literature, and on how some of these women think about motherhood, it is relevant to emphasize this ‘suspension of politics’ that takes place along with a “politics of suspension,” meaning that certain matters (such as reproduction and its postponement) are only to be dealt with privately and individually, through marketized fertility preservation programs in this case. Some of the women interviewed describe these programs as useful tools within a problematic context: technologies that give time in a context that leaves them on their own to figure out motherhood (or its absence) in the midst of uncertainty and loneliness. This paper shows their critical views on these matters, while reflecting on how their experiences and desires become increasingly imbricated with the fertility industry in the making of their reproductive biographies (Perler and Schurr in Body Soc 27(3): 3–27, 2021).</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges in public policy for the implementation of pharmacogenetic tests in Europe 欧洲实施药物基因检测的公共政策面临的挑战

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00323-w

Bernice Azzopardi Meli, Anthony G. Fenech, Maria Cordina, Bridget Ellul, Emmanuel Agius

引用次数: 0

Guardians of ableist family formation: the legitimation work of Danish abortion committees in cases of termination for fetal anomaly 健全家庭组成的守护者：丹麦堕胎委员会在因胎儿异常而终止妊娠的案例中的合法化工作

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00319-6

{"title":"Guardians of ableist family formation: the legitimation work of Danish abortion committees in cases of termination for fetal anomaly","authors":"","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00319-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00319-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>In Denmark, pregnant persons have a statutory right to abortion on-demand in the first trimester of pregnancy, after which abortion must be sanctioned by a regional abortion committee and may be warranted if there is danger that the fetus will suffer a serious mental or physical disability, yet what precisely constitutes ‘danger’ and ‘seriousness’ are left in the hands of the juridical abortion system to interpret. In this article, I explore how jurists and doctors arrive at and legitimate the authorization of disability-selective abortion. Building on van Wichelen’s (Legitimating life: adoption in the age of globalization and biotechnology, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2019) concept of ‘legitimation work,’ I show how abortion committees make legal decisions by dividing and distributing the task of —and moral responsibility for—making life-ending decisions by leaning on established legal practice, what I refer to as <em>bureaucratic legitimation work</em>; risk estimates made by external medical experts, what I refer to as <em>collaborative legitimation work</em>; and the ethical panacea of individual autonomy and informed choice, what I refer to as <em>ethopolitical legitimation work</em>. I argue that in conjunction, these forms of legitimation work turn termination of almost every non-conforming fetus into legitimate acts, hereby safeguarding ableist family formation. </p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accept no limits: biocontainment and the construction of a safer space for experimentation in xenobiology as a legacy of Asilomar 不接受任何限制：作为阿西洛马会议的遗产，生物封闭与为异种生物学实验构建更安全的空间

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00322-x

{"title":"Accept no limits: biocontainment and the construction of a safer space for experimentation in xenobiology as a legacy of Asilomar","authors":"","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00322-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00322-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Researchers in xenobiology, a subdiscipline of synthetic biology, aim to build a ‘second nature’ with nucleic acid analogues, termed Xeno-nucleic acids (XNA). They promise biosafe technologies, based on the impossibility of transferring genetic material to other organisms and controlling the proliferation of genetically modified microorganisms. Proponents of xenobiology have employed metaphors and narratives that represent the separation of synthetic life from DNA-based, constituting a safer space for the exploration and navigation of virtual biological worlds. Based on interviews with synthetic biologists and participant observation in a synthetic biology laboratory, I argue that the reconfiguration of nature that xenobiologists seek is inspired by the vision of design and governance laid out in the 1975 Asilomar conference, so normative aims of safety are co-produced with visions of unnaturalness. I interrogate the types of limits that xenobiologists aim to cross, to propose that they conceive limits as pushing beyond what is biologically plausible, finding the challenge motivating. I show that the division between the natural and the unnatural is not clearly established as xenobiologists portray. In giving priority to safety as the determinant of the permissibility of new technologies, who gets to define nature and its limits remains restricted to scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hormonal stories: a new materialist exploration of hormonal emplotment in four case studies 荷尔蒙故事：四项案例研究中对荷尔蒙情节的新唯物主义探索

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00317-8

{"title":"Hormonal stories: a new materialist exploration of hormonal emplotment in four case studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00317-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00317-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Hormones are complex biosocial objects that provoke myriad cultural narratives through their association with social activities and identities, and these narratives have the power to shape people’s lived realities and bodies. While hormones were historically conceptualised as ‘master molecules’ capable of controlling various life processes, their explanatory potential has now been overshadowed by technoscientific developments like omics- and gene-based biotechnologies that have reframed how human bodies and behaviours are understood. Considering these shifts, this paper asks what roles hormones perform and what stories they are arousing today. Through a patchwork of four hormone stories about contraception, gender hacking, birth, and autism-specific horse therapy, we show how hormones remain vital protagonists in the constitution of bodies, affects, environments, places, politics, and selves in the contemporary period. Building on new materialist approaches, we adopt and extend the notion of ‘emplotment’ to encapsulate how hormones act as key characters in our plots. They are working to complicate dominant understandings of what bodies are and can be in new ways as they mediate different plots of bodily experience, in ways showing the ongoing powerful salience of hormones and their ascendancy in the present.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139580339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formatting patient knowledge and channelling participation: how patient organisations work under authoritarianism 患者知识的格式化与参与的引导：患者组织如何在专制主义下开展工作

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00316-9

Vlas Nikulkin, Olga Zvonareva

引用次数: 0

Sensing inequity: technological solutionism, biodiversity conservation, and environmental DNA 感知不平等:技术解决方案主义、生物多样性保护和环境DNA

IF 1.6 4区医学

Biosocieties Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-023-00315-w

Elaine W. Shen, Jessica M. Vandenberg, Amelia Moore

{"title":"Sensing inequity: technological solutionism, biodiversity conservation, and environmental DNA","authors":"Elaine W. Shen, Jessica M. Vandenberg, Amelia Moore","doi":"10.1057/s41292-023-00315-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-023-00315-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) has risen in popularity as a genetically-based method to enumerate species in natural ecosystems, and it is well positioned to be integrated into biodiversity monitoring and conservation initiatives. While the field has made great strides in methodological development, it has largely avoided discussion of its potential inequitable social outcomes. In this paper, we argue that the social asymmetries of eDNA are under-addressed precisely because of how it is framed and valued by powerful actors who may benefit from the technology’s proliferation. We use a framework of representational rhetorics to articulate the discursive process by which the biodiversity crisis is distilled into problems of data-deficiency and inefficiency in scientific articles such that eDNA offers the exact corresponding technological solution. This framing helps justify eDNA’s implementation in local, global, and corporate spheres, despite the methodology’s uncertainties and limitations. It may also enable future inequitable outcomes through sidelining other forms of biodiversity knowledge and enclosing biodiversity information through processes of genetic commodification and privatization. We engage with critiques of neoliberal conservation, big data, and (biodiversity) genomics made by political ecologists and feminist science and technology studies scholars to help reorient the eDNA field towards more equity-oriented discursive practices and implementations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46976,"journal":{"name":"Biosocieties","volume":"70 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0