Health and Human Rights最新文献_第8页

Ghummeida: Outdoor Play in a Militarized Zone. Ghummeida:军事化区域的户外游戏。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Razzan Quran

{"title":"Ghummeida: Outdoor Play in a Militarized Zone.","authors":"Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Razzan Quran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper connects two seemingly distinct subjects-the right to health and children's play in contexts of a militarized settler colony. Following Ignacio Martín-Baró's articulation of a critical psychology \"of the people,\" we outline the spatial and psychosocial economies of childhood outdoor play as forms of social and political determinants of health and human rights.1 We offer an analysis through the words and reflections of Palestinian Jerusalemite children that expose the mundane violence produced and sustained by the colonizer, whereby children's play creates spaces of livability against necropolitics. We draw on 50 observations of Palestinian children's play of Ghummeida-hide and seek-spanning 2020 through 2022 in four locations in occupied East Jerusalem. Our analysis proposes three overlapping fields through which Ghummeida operates: as a game, as resistance to spatial suffocation, and against unchilding. Across each of these fields, children's ways of embodying their right to play and live are presented as acts of refusing the chronic political violence they are exposed to. The produced processes include generativity, ownership of space, the surface and the body, and psychic repair. The paper concludes by unveiling how Ghummeida, with its metaphoric and embodied imprints, enables Palestinian children's psychosocial well-being, and pursuit of human rights, through defying their reality under a brutal system of apartheid.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/04/hhr-24-02-293.PMC9790949.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"It's Not Whatever, Because This Is Where the Problem Starts": Racialized Strategies of Elimination as Determinants of Health in Palestine. “这不是什么，因为这是问题开始的地方”:作为巴勒斯坦健康决定因素的种族化消除战略。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Benjamin Bouquet, Rania Muhareb, Rhona Smith

{"title":"\"It's Not Whatever, Because This Is Where the Problem Starts\": Racialized Strategies of Elimination as Determinants of Health in Palestine.","authors":"Benjamin Bouquet, Rania Muhareb, Rhona Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the social construction of race as a determinant of health inequities in Palestine. Race myths about Palestinians conform to the \"logic of elimination\" integral to settler colonialism, predicated on the dispossession and removal of the Indigenous people from the land. Racialized legal categorizations of Palestinians are deployed in strategies of elimination that include policies and practices of extrajudicial killing, maiming, and excessive use of force; displacement, dispossession, isolation, and containment; and arbitrary detention and movement restrictions. Differential freedoms and entitlements derive from the deployment of racialized legal categorizations, regulating the material conditions of life and exposure to deliberate bodily harm that make up intermediary determinants of health. Our iterative model outlining the symbolic and systemic constitution of racialized health inequities in Palestine aims to support analysis of the root causes of human rights violations, essential to a human rights-based approach to health. Root-cause analysis confers appropriate recommendations for action. The radical dismantling of systematic racial oppression and domination in Palestine, tantamount to apartheid, is a precondition for realizing the right to health for all.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/9c/hhr-24-02-237.PMC9790962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10453661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Vaccination in Palestine/Israel: Citizenship, Capitalism, and the Logic of Elimination. 巴勒斯坦/以色列的COVID-19疫苗接种:公民身份、资本主义和消除逻辑。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Nicolas Howard, Emily Schneider

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination in Palestine/Israel: Citizenship, Capitalism, and the Logic of Elimination.","authors":"Nicolas Howard, Emily Schneider","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Israel's responsibility under international law to combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics in its occupied territories, Israeli officials have refused to distribute COVID-19 vaccines to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Through a critical discourse analysis of Israeli officials' statements regarding Israel's COVID-19 vaccination campaign, this paper explores how Israel evades this responsibility while presenting itself as committed to public health and human rights. We find that Israeli officials strategically present Palestinians as an autonomous nation when discussing COVID-19 vaccinations, despite Israel's ongoing attempts to prevent the creation of a Palestinian state. Relatedly, Israel justifies its refusal to vaccinate Palestinians on the grounds of the Palestinian Authority's economic independence, thereby obscuring Israel's control over the Palestinian economy. In this way, Israel relies on citizenship and economic inequality, as internationally sanctioned forms of exclusion, to deny Palestinians their right to health. Drawing on theorists such as Michel Foucault, Achille Mbembe, and Jasbir Puar, we argue that withholding vaccines from Palestinians reveals the ways that Israel furthers its settler-colonial aims under the guise of liberal humanitarianism and economic growth. Instead of directing these conclusions toward Israel as an exceptional case, we contend that these processes reveal how settler-colonial societies use liberal frameworks of citizenship and capitalism to carry out their racialized projects of elimination.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/ab/hhr-24-02-265.PMC9790952.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10453662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Involuntary Civil Commitment for Substance Use Disorders in Puerto Rico: Neglected Rights Violations and Implications for Legal Reform. 波多黎各药物使用障碍的非自愿民事承诺:被忽视的权利侵犯和对法律改革的影响。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Caroline M Parker, Oscar E Miranda-Miller, Carmen Albizu-García

{"title":"Involuntary Civil Commitment for Substance Use Disorders in Puerto Rico: Neglected Rights Violations and Implications for Legal Reform.","authors":"Caroline M Parker, Oscar E Miranda-Miller, Carmen Albizu-García","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Laws facilitating the involuntary civil commitment (ICC) of people with substance use disorders vary considerably internationally and across the United States. Puerto Rico, a colonial territory of the United States since 1898, currently harbors the most punitive ICC legislation in the country. It is the only place in the United States where self-sufficient adults who pose no grave danger to themselves or others can be involuntarily committed to restrictive residential facilities for over a year at a time without ever being assessed by a health care professional. The involuntary commitment of otherwise-able citizens-many of whom have never been diagnosed with a substance use disorder-continues to be ignored nationally and internationally. In this paper, we specify how Puerto Rican ICC law and procedures systematically violate rights and liberties that are supposed to be guaranteed by Puerto Rico's Mental Health Act, the US Federal Supreme Court, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To ensure that Puerto Rico's ICC procedures conform to prevailing local, national, and international standards, we propose a series of legislative reforms. Finally, we highlight the importance of addressing the preponderance of poorly constructed ICC laws both within the United States and internationally.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/44/hhr-24-02-059.PMC9790954.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender-Based Violence Is a Human Rights Violation: Are Donors Responding Adequately? What a Decade of Donor Interventions in Colombia, Kenya, and Uganda Reveals. 基于性别的暴力是一种侵犯人权的行为：捐助方是否采取了适当的应对措施？十年来捐助方在哥伦比亚、肯尼亚和乌干达的干预揭示了什么？

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Clarisa Bencomo, Emily Battistini, Terry Mcgovern

引用次数: 0

Addressing Stigma is Not Enough. 光解决耻辱感是不够的。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Joseph J Amon, Nina Sun, Alexandrina Iovita, Ralf Jurgens, Joanne Csete

引用次数: 0

Improving Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: An Analysis of TRIPS Waiver Discourse among WTO Members, Civil Society Organizations, and Pharmaceutical Industry Stakeholders. 改善 COVID-19 疫苗的获取：世界贸易组织成员、民间社会组织和制药业利益相关者对《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》豁免讨论的分析。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Jillian Kohler, Anna Wong, Lauren Tailor

{"title":"Improving Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: An Analysis of TRIPS Waiver Discourse among WTO Members, Civil Society Organizations, and Pharmaceutical Industry Stakeholders.","authors":"Jillian Kohler, Anna Wong, Lauren Tailor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, international access to COVID-19 vaccines and other health technologies has remained highly asymmetric. This inequity has had a particularly deleterious impact on low- and middle-income countries, engaging concerns about the human rights to health and to the equal enjoyment of the benefits of scientific progress enshrined under articles 12 and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In response, the relationship between intellectual property rights and public health has reemerged as a subject of global interest. In October 2020, a wholesale waiver of the copyright, patent, industrial design, and undisclosed information sections of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS Agreement) was proposed by India and South Africa as a legal mechanism to increase access to affordable COVID-19 medical products. Here, we identify and evaluate the TRIPS waiver positions of World Trade Organization (WTO) members and other key stakeholders throughout the waiver's 20-month period of negotiation at the WTO. In doing so, we find that most stakeholders declined to explicitly contextualize the TRIPS waiver within the human right to health and that historical stakeholder divisions on the relationship between intellectual property and access to medicines appear largely unchanged since the early 2000s HIV/AIDS crisis. Given the WTO's consensus-based decision-making process, this illuminates key challenges faced by policy makers seeking to leverage the international trading system to improve equitable access to health technologies.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/16/hhr-24-02-159.PMC9790937.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Needle in a Haystack? Human Rights Framing at the World Trade Organization for Access to COVID-19 Vaccines. 大海捞针？世界贸易组织为获得 COVID-19 疫苗而制定的人权框架。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Katrina Perehudoff, Heba Qazilbash, Kai Figueras de Vries

{"title":"A Needle in a Haystack? Human Rights Framing at the World Trade Organization for Access to COVID-19 Vaccines.","authors":"Katrina Perehudoff, Heba Qazilbash, Kai Figueras de Vries","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"How and why is implicit and explicit human rights language used by World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiators in debates about intellectual property, know-how, and technology needed to manufacture COVID-19 vaccines, and how do these findings compare with negotiators' human rights framing in 2001? Sampling 26 WTO members and two groups of members, this study uses document analysis and six key informant interviews with WTO negotiators, a representative of the WTO Secretariat, and a nonstate actor. In WTO debates about COVID-19 medicines, negotiators scarcely used human rights frames (e.g., \"human rights\" or \"right to health\"). Supporters used both human rights frames and implicit language (e.g., \"equity,\" \"affordability,\" and \"solidarity\") to garner support for the TRIPS waiver proposal, while opponents and WTO members with undetermined positions on the waiver used only implicit language to advocate for alternative proposals. WTO negotiators use human rights frames to appeal to previously agreed language about state obligations; for coherence between their domestic values and policy on one hand, and their global policy positions on the other; and to catalyze public support for the waiver proposal beyond the WTO. This mixed-methods design yields a rich contextual understanding of the modern role of human rights language in trade negotiations relevant for public health.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/06/hhr-24-02-141.PMC9790961.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassembling the Pieces: Settler Colonialism and the Reconception of Palestinian Health. 重组碎片:定居者殖民主义和巴勒斯坦人健康的重新认识。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Yara M Asi, Weeam Hammoudeh, David Mills, Osama Tanous, Bram Wispelwey

引用次数: 0

The Role of Civil Society in Mobilizing Human Rights Struggles for Essential Medicines: A Critique from HIV/AIDS to COVID-19. 民间社会在动员争取基本药物的人权斗争中的作用:从艾滋病毒/艾滋病到COVID-19的批判。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Sharifah Sekalala, Belinda Rawson

{"title":"The Role of Civil Society in Mobilizing Human Rights Struggles for Essential Medicines: A Critique from HIV/AIDS to COVID-19.","authors":"Sharifah Sekalala, Belinda Rawson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the strategies utilized by civil society organizations to improve access to medicines during the HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 health crises. In particular, we seek to illuminate why some of the successful approaches for increasing access to antiretrovirals for HIV/AIDS in the early 2000s failed in creating equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines. While civil society has historically mobilized human rights to facilitate greater access to essential medicines, we argue that earlier strategies were not always sustainable and that civil society is now mobilizing human rights in radically different ways than previously. Instead of focusing chiefly on securing an intellectual property waiver to the TRIPS Agreement, civil society organizations are now challenging vaccine injustice, rejecting the \"charity discourse\" that fuels Global South dependency on Global North actors in favor of scaling up manufacture in low- and middle-income countries, and moving to embed the right to access medicines in a new World Health Organization pandemic treaty with civil society organization participation and meaningful representation from low- and middle-income countries. Such approaches, we contend, will lead to more sustainable solutions in order to avert further health care disasters, like those seen with two distinct but related struggles-the fights for equitable access to essential medicines for HIV/AIDS and for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/b7/hhr-24-02-177.PMC9790953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0