Health and Human Rights最新文献_第10页

Addressing Stigma is Not Enough. 光解决耻辱感是不够的。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Joseph J Amon, Nina Sun, Alexandrina Iovita, Ralf Jurgens, Joanne Csete

引用次数: 0

A Needle in a Haystack? Human Rights Framing at the World Trade Organization for Access to COVID-19 Vaccines. 大海捞针？世界贸易组织为获得 COVID-19 疫苗而制定的人权框架。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Katrina Perehudoff, Heba Qazilbash, Kai Figueras de Vries

{"title":"A Needle in a Haystack? Human Rights Framing at the World Trade Organization for Access to COVID-19 Vaccines.","authors":"Katrina Perehudoff, Heba Qazilbash, Kai Figueras de Vries","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"How and why is implicit and explicit human rights language used by World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiators in debates about intellectual property, know-how, and technology needed to manufacture COVID-19 vaccines, and how do these findings compare with negotiators' human rights framing in 2001? Sampling 26 WTO members and two groups of members, this study uses document analysis and six key informant interviews with WTO negotiators, a representative of the WTO Secretariat, and a nonstate actor. In WTO debates about COVID-19 medicines, negotiators scarcely used human rights frames (e.g., \"human rights\" or \"right to health\"). Supporters used both human rights frames and implicit language (e.g., \"equity,\" \"affordability,\" and \"solidarity\") to garner support for the TRIPS waiver proposal, while opponents and WTO members with undetermined positions on the waiver used only implicit language to advocate for alternative proposals. WTO negotiators use human rights frames to appeal to previously agreed language about state obligations; for coherence between their domestic values and policy on one hand, and their global policy positions on the other; and to catalyze public support for the waiver proposal beyond the WTO. This mixed-methods design yields a rich contextual understanding of the modern role of human rights language in trade negotiations relevant for public health.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":"24 2","pages":"141-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/06/hhr-24-02-141.PMC9790961.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: An Analysis of TRIPS Waiver Discourse among WTO Members, Civil Society Organizations, and Pharmaceutical Industry Stakeholders. 改善 COVID-19 疫苗的获取：世界贸易组织成员、民间社会组织和制药业利益相关者对《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》豁免讨论的分析。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Jillian Kohler, Anna Wong, Lauren Tailor

{"title":"Improving Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: An Analysis of TRIPS Waiver Discourse among WTO Members, Civil Society Organizations, and Pharmaceutical Industry Stakeholders.","authors":"Jillian Kohler, Anna Wong, Lauren Tailor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, international access to COVID-19 vaccines and other health technologies has remained highly asymmetric. This inequity has had a particularly deleterious impact on low- and middle-income countries, engaging concerns about the human rights to health and to the equal enjoyment of the benefits of scientific progress enshrined under articles 12 and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In response, the relationship between intellectual property rights and public health has reemerged as a subject of global interest. In October 2020, a wholesale waiver of the copyright, patent, industrial design, and undisclosed information sections of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS Agreement) was proposed by India and South Africa as a legal mechanism to increase access to affordable COVID-19 medical products. Here, we identify and evaluate the TRIPS waiver positions of World Trade Organization (WTO) members and other key stakeholders throughout the waiver's 20-month period of negotiation at the WTO. In doing so, we find that most stakeholders declined to explicitly contextualize the TRIPS waiver within the human right to health and that historical stakeholder divisions on the relationship between intellectual property and access to medicines appear largely unchanged since the early 2000s HIV/AIDS crisis. Given the WTO's consensus-based decision-making process, this illuminates key challenges faced by policy makers seeking to leverage the international trading system to improve equitable access to health technologies.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":"24 2","pages":"159-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/16/hhr-24-02-159.PMC9790937.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassembling the Pieces: Settler Colonialism and the Reconception of Palestinian Health. 重组碎片:定居者殖民主义和巴勒斯坦人健康的重新认识。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Yara M Asi, Weeam Hammoudeh, David Mills, Osama Tanous, Bram Wispelwey

引用次数: 0

The Role of Civil Society in Mobilizing Human Rights Struggles for Essential Medicines: A Critique from HIV/AIDS to COVID-19. 民间社会在动员争取基本药物的人权斗争中的作用:从艾滋病毒/艾滋病到COVID-19的批判。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Sharifah Sekalala, Belinda Rawson

{"title":"The Role of Civil Society in Mobilizing Human Rights Struggles for Essential Medicines: A Critique from HIV/AIDS to COVID-19.","authors":"Sharifah Sekalala, Belinda Rawson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the strategies utilized by civil society organizations to improve access to medicines during the HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 health crises. In particular, we seek to illuminate why some of the successful approaches for increasing access to antiretrovirals for HIV/AIDS in the early 2000s failed in creating equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines. While civil society has historically mobilized human rights to facilitate greater access to essential medicines, we argue that earlier strategies were not always sustainable and that civil society is now mobilizing human rights in radically different ways than previously. Instead of focusing chiefly on securing an intellectual property waiver to the TRIPS Agreement, civil society organizations are now challenging vaccine injustice, rejecting the \"charity discourse\" that fuels Global South dependency on Global North actors in favor of scaling up manufacture in low- and middle-income countries, and moving to embed the right to access medicines in a new World Health Organization pandemic treaty with civil society organization participation and meaningful representation from low- and middle-income countries. Such approaches, we contend, will lead to more sustainable solutions in order to avert further health care disasters, like those seen with two distinct but related struggles-the fights for equitable access to essential medicines for HIV/AIDS and for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":"24 2","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/b7/hhr-24-02-177.PMC9790953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Right to Science as a Guidepost for Fair Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: Investigating the Interpretive Role of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 科学权作为公平获得 COVID-19 疫苗的指路牌：调查联合国经济、社会和文化权利委员会的解释作用。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Katrina Perehudoff, Jennifer Sellin

{"title":"The Right to Science as a Guidepost for Fair Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: Investigating the Interpretive Role of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.","authors":"Katrina Perehudoff, Jennifer Sellin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Facing the unmet need for new, affordable medicines for public health crises, how should states' duty to ensure that everyone shares in the benefits of science be understood in relation to pandemic vaccine supply, and how has the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights monitored the implementation of this right? In this paper, we examine the contours and content of state obligations with regard to pandemic vaccine supply under the right to science (article 15(1)(b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), focusing on three aspects of state obligations: mobilizing public resources for developing and disseminating the benefits of scientific progress in areas of public health need; preventing unreasonably high medicines prices; and international cooperation, particularly in a globalized health emergency. The committee regularly assesses state parties' implementation of their obligations under the covenant, culminating in the issuing of concluding observations, which often serve as a basis for the next round of periodic reporting by states and can thereby direct future state action. Our analysis of the committee's concluding observations reveals that the committee has inconsistently applied its own guidance on the right to science regarding medicines and intellectual property in these monitoring exercises. These findings inform a rights-based response to medical innovation for health crises and advance the Sustainable Development Goal target on medicines research and development.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":"24 2","pages":"191-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/fb/hhr-24-02-191.PMC9790945.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reparations for Harms Experienced in Residential Aged Care. 居家养老伤害的赔偿。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Linda Steele, Kate Swaffer

{"title":"Reparations for Harms Experienced in Residential Aged Care.","authors":"Linda Steele, Kate Swaffer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the possibility of reparations for harms suffered by people in residential aged care, focusing on experiences of people with dementia. We first explain how systemic and structural harms occur within residential aged care and outline how they constitute human rights violations. Using Australia as a case study, we then consider the limitations of court-based approaches to pursuit of redress and the current absence of redress from policy responses. We then propose an expansive and multifaceted notion of redress as reparations, where governments, residential aged care operators, medical and legal professionals, and civil society engage in ongoing recognition of harms and specific actions to prevent recurrence. By drawing on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Van Boven Principles, we consider the application to aged care of the framework of access to justice and reparations for human rights violations. This framework encompasses inclusive and accessible processes to access reparations for individuals in such forms as compensation and rehabilitation, and collective reparations, including apologies and public education. In order to ensure that reparations support the prevention of further harm in aged care, the design of redress could form part of broader government strategies directed toward increasing funding and access to community-based support, care, and accommodation, and enhancing the human rights of people with dementia.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":"24 2","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/46/hhr-24-02-071.PMC9790955.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergency Care in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Scoping Review. 巴勒斯坦被占领土的紧急护理：范围审查。

IF 2.5 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-12-01

Raymond Rosenbloom, Rebecca Leff

{"title":"Emergency Care in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Raymond Rosenbloom, Rebecca Leff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The development of robust emergency care systems as a critical platform for addressing the global burden of disease has been increasingly recognized by global health policy makers over the past decade. A human rights-based approach to securing the right to quality emergency care is also essential to respond to the structural and political determinants of poor health outcomes. In the occupied Palestinian territory, human rights violations have contributed to significant deficiencies in health and quality of health care. In this scoping review, we identify deficiencies in the management of high-risk presentations to emergency departments in the Palestinian health care system for traumatic injury, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. We subsequently apply a human rights-based analysis to demonstrate how structural racism in the administration of the occupation has contributed to deficiencies in emergency care. Specifically, deficiencies in resource and system organization within the Palestinian emergency care system arise due to occupation-related restrictions on freedom of movement, the procurement of essential drugs and medical equipment, and the development of a national Palestinian health care system. Further research and intervention are needed to understand gaps in emergency care for Palestinians and, in turn, to improve the management of emergency medical and traumatic conditions through capacity building of a Palestinian emergency care system. Importantly, deconstruction of the structural determinants of poor health for Palestinians in the occupied territory is needed to improve public health and ensure the protection of human rights.","PeriodicalId":46953,"journal":{"name":"Health and Human Rights","volume":"24 2","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/de/hhr-24-02-255.PMC9790939.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10452147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pandemic Treaty Should Include Reporting in Prisons. 流行病条约应包括监狱报告。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-06-01

Kyle Knight, Julia Bleckner, Edwin Cameron, Joseph J Amon

引用次数: 0

Capacity-Building in Community-Based Drug Treatment Services. 社区药物治疗服务的能力建设。

IF 3.7 3区医学

Health and Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-06-01

Michael J Cole

引用次数: 0