Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"BRCA1/2-stratified immune profiling of treatment-naive high-grade serous ovarian cancer ascites identifies a Treg-enriched ascitic immune phenotype.","authors":"Megha Sharma, Bhavneet Kaur, Bhavana Rai, Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva, Amit Raj Sharma, Parikshaa Gupta, Upasana Gautam, Rashmi Bagga, Radhika Srinivasan","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.07.27","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.07.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malignant ascites is a common presentation in advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), yet its immune composition and genetic correlates remain poorly defined. This study explored the immune microenvironment of ascitic fluid in ovarian carcinoma and its association with BRCA mutation status, chemotherapy response, and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ascitic fluid from 133 patients (33 non-malignant controls, 31 non-ovarian carcinoma, and 69 HGSOC cases) was analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry to quantify lymphocyte and macrophage subsets, and programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 immune-checkpoint marker expression. Targeted sequencing of TP53 and BRCA1/2 was performed in HGSOC, and findings were correlated to immune parameters, chemotherapy response, progression-free and overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ovarian carcinoma ascites, compared with non-malignant effusions, showed increased CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies, higher regulatory T cell (Treg)-associated populations, and reduced CD19+CD20+ B-cell levels. Targeted sequencing identified TP53 mutations in 97.4% and BRCA1/2 mutations in 35.9% of sequenced HGSOC cases. BRCA-wild-type cases showed significantly lower CD4+ T-cell and B-cell levels, higher Treg levels, and shorter progression-free and overall survival than BRCA1/2-mutated cases. Higher CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell levels were associated with poor chemotherapy response. In exploratory multivariable Cox models, BRCA-wild-type status remained significantly associated with poorer overall survival, whereas immune-cell groups were not independently significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HGSOC ascites showed a Treg-enriched immune profile, with relatively higher Treg levels in BRCA-wild-type cases. BRCA-wild-type status was associated with poorer outcomes, while the evaluated immune-cell subsets were not independently prognostic in exploratory analysis. Ascitic fluid-based immune and molecular profiling may provide prognostic information worthy of validation in larger independent cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"558-571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of fine needle aspiration cytology in the preoperative identification of mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a cross-sectional diagnostic analytical study.","authors":"Sumaya, Dishant Ramkrishna Sonuwane, Amita Krishnappa","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.07.08","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.07.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland, accounts for 5%-10% of all salivary gland tumors. MEC shows extensive cytomorphological diversity, making preoperative diagnosis challenging. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing MEC preoperatively and to discuss the cytological pitfalls in diagnosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was a cross-sectional diagnostic analytical study conducted over a period of five years, which included confirmed cases of MEC. Each case was classified according to the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) and individual cytomorphological features were noted. All cases were compared by considering histopathology as the gold standard for diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC in diagnosing MEC were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 42 cases of MEC were reclassified according to MSRSGC as follows: category II, one case; category III, one case; category IVA, two cases; category IVb, one case; category V, four cases; and category VI, 33 cases. Discordant cases (5 cases) were mainly due to cystic change, low cellularity, and overlapping features with benign lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy were found to be 88.1%, 100%, 100%, 97.4%, and 97.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FNAC is an important preoperative diagnostic investigation for MEC as reflected by its high specificity, sensitivity, and overall diagnostic accuracy in the present study. Careful attention to individual cytomorphological features and clinicoradiological correlation can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy by directing the clinicians for further management.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":"60 5","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics of primary malignant cutaneous perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: case report and literature review.","authors":"Huaming Li, Dan Zhang, Shiwu Zhang","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.05.10","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.05.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cutaneous malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are extremely rare. Accurate diagnosis is critical for prognostic evaluation and guiding clinical management. Here, we report a case of a 19-year-old woman with a 1.1 cm exophytic red mass on her left upper limb. Histological examination revealed a dermal tumor composed of clear cells with prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells displayed cytologic atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleated giant cells, mitoses and invasive growth, with a multinodular distribution within the dermis and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed cathepsin K, HMB45, and CD10. Based on morphological and immunohistochemical findings, we classified it as a primary malignant cutaneous PEComa. To date, only eight reported cases have been described as primary malignant cutaneous PEComas. The present case appears to be the youngest patient reported among all malignant PEComas.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"572-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: a comprehensive review of pathology, molecular features, and differential diagnosis.","authors":"David Danielson, Ian T Lagerstrom, Max Rogers, Kyle Simon, Nadine S Aguilera, Aaron Auerbach","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.08.01","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) is an aggressive neoplasm of immature T-lymphoid precursors that is classified as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia when the primary site of involvement is the bone marrow and peripheral blood and as T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma when it presents as a solid mass, most commonly in the anterior mediastinum. The neoplastic cells are defined by expression of T-lineage antigens (cytoplasmic or surface CD3) together with one or more markers of immaturity (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, CD1a, CD34, CD99, or CD117) and must not fulfill criteria for early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This entity shows a marked male predominance (male:female ≈ 2:1) and predominantly affects children, adolescents, and young adults, accounting for approximately 15% of childhood ALL and 20%-25% of adult ALL cases. Pathologic diagnosis increasingly relies on recurrent molecular alterations such as activating NOTCH1 mutations (>60% of cases), transcription factor rearrangements, and cell-cycle regulator inactivation. Although intensive multiagent chemotherapy regimens have substantially improved outcomes, particularly in pediatric patients, adults and high-risk molecular subgroups continue to experience inferior survival. This review provides a practical, pathology-oriented update on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, prognostic factors, and current treatment approaches for T-ALL/LBL.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":"60 5","pages":"502-515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: pathologic evaluation and diagnostic considerations.","authors":"Dre Barnachea, Bonnie Lee","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.07.01","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a widely used staging procedure in melanoma that provides important prognostic information and guides clinical management. The sentinel lymph node (SLN), defined as the first lymph node in the lymphatic drainage pathway from a primary tumor, represents the most likely site of early regional metastasis. Accordingly, identification of metastatic melanoma within SLNs has significant implications for staging and risk stratification and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The SLNB procedure involves preoperative and intraoperative lymphatic mapping techniques, including radiotracer localization with or without blue dye injection, which allow identification of SLNs. Histopathologic evaluation includes careful gross examination, serial sectioning, and immunohistochemical analysis using melanocytic markers such as SOX10, Melan-A, HMB45, and occasionally PRAME to detect metastatic disease. In addition, prognostic features such as tumor burden, extranodal extension, and microanatomic location of metastases within the lymph node further refine risk assessment. This review provides an overview of SLNB in melanoma, with emphasis on clinical indications, histopathologic evaluation, and key diagnostic and prognostic considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"493-501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ganglioglioma and gangliocytoma: a review for pathologists.","authors":"Gianfranco E Umeres-Francia, Melissa Mejia-Bautista, Pouya Jamshidi, Jared T Ahrendsen","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.06.06","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.06.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ganglioglioma and gangliocytoma are rare, predominantly low-grade neuroepithelial tumors that commonly present with epilepsy in children and young adults. Advances in molecular profiling have improved understanding of their pathogenesis, highlighting key roles for the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK signaling pathway. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features, with complete surgical resection offering the best clinical outcomes. This review summarizes current knowledge on their epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, pathology, treatment strategies, and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":"60 4","pages":"379-387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity in plasma cell myeloma: a CD138-negative case with a rare BRAF G469R mutation.","authors":"Sun-Ju Oh, So-Hak Chung","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.02.02","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD138-negative plasma cell myeloma harboring a BRAF G469R mutation is described in a 76-year-old male presenting with multiple osteolytic lesions. Histologically, the lesion exhibited epithelioid to plasmacytoid morphology with prominent mitotic activity and vascular-like spaces. Immunophenotyping demonstrated strong vimentin and CD31 expression but absence of CD138 and other endothelial markers. Light-chain in situ hybridization confirmed a clonal κ-restricted plasma cell population. Bone marrow examination revealed near-complete replacement by atypical plasma cells, retaining CD138 negativity and demonstrating focal CD20 positivity, indicative of intratumoral heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing identified a rare BRAF G469R variant. The patient exhibited poor response to bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone therapy, necessitating a switch to carfilzomib-based treatment. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of CD138-negative myeloma and highlights the importance of integrating morphology, immunophenotyping, and molecular profiling to inform accurate diagnosis and guide therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"451-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Toll-like receptor 9 expression associated with cellular proliferation and poor prognosis in pleural mesothelioma.","authors":"Ali Omar Abdelaziz, Dina Moustafa Thabit, Rehab Mohamed Kamal, Hend Moness, Rasha Fouad Ahmed, Mariana Fathy Gayyed, Fatma El Zahraa Ammar Mohamed","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.04.01","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The epithelioid subtype is the most common and can be challenging to distinguish from metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (MLAC). The role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the progression of pleural mesothelioma remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 pleural biopsy specimens were collected, comprising 10 cases of pleural epithelioid mesothelioma and 20 cases of MLAC. The mRNA expression levels of TLR9 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were quantified. In addition, sixty archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (40 epithelioid mesothelioma and 20 MLAC) were analyzed via immunohistochemistry using an anti-TLR9 antibody in relation to various clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TLR9 expression was significantly higher in epithelioid mesothelioma cases than in MLAC cases (p < .001), with mean values of 1.54 ± 0.09 and 1.02 ± 0.08, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between TLR9 and PCNA expression levels specifically in the epithelioid mesothelioma cohort (p < .001, r = 0.8). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that high TLR9 immunoexpression was significantly more prevalent in epithelioid mesothelioma (36/40 cases; 90%) than in MLAC (3/20 cases; 15%) (p < .001). Notably, elevated TLR9 expression was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival (p = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, TLR9 expression is significantly elevated in epithelioid mesothelioma compared to MLAC at both the molecular and cellular levels, and its expression correlates with increased tumor proliferation and poorer prognosis. Our data suggest that TLR9 could represent a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, warranting further investigation into its potential therapeutic applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"413-421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148018107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyalinizing trabecular tumors with areas resembling noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features: an immunohistochemical and molecular analysis.","authors":"Risa Kanematsu, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Ayana Suzuki, Miyoko Higuchi, Satomi Usuki, Hiroshi Kamma, Takashi Akamizu","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.06.07","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.06.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coexistence of hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) and areas with a morphology of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) within a single thyroid nodule has not been previously reported. We aimed to determine whether such tumors represent two independent neoplasms or a single tumor exhibiting divergent morphology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten tumors containing both HTT and NIFTP-like areas were examined. The term \"NIFTP-like\" was used strictly as a descriptive morphological designation for areas that fulfill the histologic criteria of NIFTP. Immunohistochemical analyses of Ki-67 (MIB-1) and type IV collagen and targeted molecular testing were performed. Ten NIFTPs, 10 follicular adenomas, and three HTTs were used as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HTT components consistently showed characteristic membranous Ki-67 staining and intra-trabecular type IV collagen deposition, whereas NIFTP-like areas lacked these features, except for focal apical Ki-67 staining. Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in HTT were positive for type IV collagen. NIFTPs showed neither membranous Ki-67 nor intra-trabecular type IV collagen. Molecular analysis demonstrated identical profiles between HTT components and NIFTP-like areas: three tumors harbored PAX8::GLIS3 fusions, and none showed RAS mutations. Pure HTT controls exhibited the same pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that these follicular-patterned areas represent a morphological variant within the spectrum of HTT rather than a true NIFTP-related component or two separate neoplasms. These findings expand the recognized histologic diversity of HTT and highlight a potential diagnostic pitfall in follicular-patterned thyroid tumors. Focal apical Ki-67 staining may serve as a useful clue for distinguishing HTT from NIFTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":"60 4","pages":"436-443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-institution demographic study of pathologically proven renal disease in kidney transplant recipients over the last 33 years.","authors":"Hyejin Noh, Jiyeon Kim, Yeong Jin Choi","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2026.03.28","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2026.03.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the number of kidney transplants for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing, studies examining the long-term demographic analyses based on pathological diagnosis of transplant kidney remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4,188 transplant recipients who underwent either biopsy or nephrectomy from 1991 to 2023 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 7,229 pathologically confirmed cases, rejection was the most prevalent (37.7%), followed by tubulointerstitial (25.4%), glomerular, drug toxicity, and vascular diseases. In 7,053 transplant biopsies, rejection was predominant across all age groups, with T-cell mediated (TCM) category being the most common (60.1%), followed by antibody-mediated and mixed. Drug toxicity increased with age (p = .047), while glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases were highest in recipients under 20 (p < .001). Among glomerular diseases, IgA-related glomerulonephritis (45.2%) was the most common. In 176 transplant nephrectomies, the most common diagnosis was rejection (33.5%), followed by renal infarction (19.9%), tubulointerstitial, vascular, glomerular disease, and drug toxicity. \"Others\" included infarction, ESRD, and lymphangiectasia, which increased with age (p = .011). In nephrectomy cases, rejection decreased over time, with chronic TCM rejection (40.7%) being the most frequent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into transplant kidney disease in South Korea. The number of transplant biopsies has increased over the past 33 years, while the number of nephrectomies has remained unchanged. Rejection was the most common finding in all age groups in biopsies, but decreased with age in nephrectomies, with TCM being the most common and observed more often in younger recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"398-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148018156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}