Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Educational exchange in thyroid core needle biopsy diagnosis: enhancing pathological interpretation through guideline integration and peer learning.","authors":"Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Chan Kwon Jung","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.24","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an essential role in the screening of thyroid nodules, core needle biopsy (CNB) acts as an alternative method to address FNAC limitations. However, diagnosing thyroid CNB samples can be challenging due to variations in background and levels of experience. Effective training is indispensable to mitigate this challenge. We aim to evaluate the impact of an educational program on improving the accuracy of CNB diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2-week observational program included a host mentor pathologist with extensive experience and a visiting pathologist. The CNB classification by The Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Thyroid Association was used for the report. Two rounds of reviewing the case were carried out, and the level of agreement between the reviewers was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first-round assessment showed a concordance between two pathologists for 247 thyroid CNB specimens by 84.2%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.74 (indicating substantial agreement). This finding was attributed to the discordance in the use of categories III and V. After peer learning, the two pathologists evaluated 30 new cases, which showed an overall improvement in the level of agreement. The percentage of agreement between pathologists on thyroid CNB diagnosis was 86.7%, as measured by kappa coefficient of 0.80.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This educational program, consisting of guided mentorship and peer learning, can substantially enhance the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid CNB. It is useful in promoting consistent diagnostic standards and contributes to the ongoing development of global pathology practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and ALK and cytokeratin expression: a case report.","authors":"Hyeong Rok An, Kyung-Ja Cho, Sang Woo Song, Ji Eun Park, Joon Seon Song","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.08.15","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.08.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) comprises of heterogeneous group of neoplasms that occasionally express epithelial markers on immunohistochemistry (IHC). We herein report the case of a patient who developed RMS of the skull with EWSR1 fusion and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and cytokeratin expression as cytomorphologic features. A 40-year-old man presented with a mass in his forehead. Surgical resection was performed, during which intraoperative frozen specimens were obtained. Squash cytology showed scattered or clustered spindle and epithelioid cells. IHC revealed that the resected tumor cells were positive for desmin, MyoD1, cytokeratin AE1/ AE3, and ALK. Although EWSR1 rearrangement was identified on fluorescence in situ hybridization, ALK, and TFCP2 rearrangement were not noted. Despite providing adjuvant chemoradiation therapy, the patient died of tumor progression 10 months after diagnosis. We emphasize that a subset of RMS can express cytokeratin and show characteristic histomorphology, implying the need for specific molecular examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"255-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paricalcitol prevents MAPK pathway activation and inflammation in adriamycin-induced kidney injury in rats.","authors":"Amanda Lima Deluque, Lucas Ferreira de Almeida, Beatriz Magalhães Oliveira, Cláudia Silva Souza, Ana Lívia Dias Maciel, Heloísa Della Coletta Francescato, Cleonice Giovanini, Roberto Silva Costa, Terezila Machado Coimbra","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.07.12","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.07.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induces uncontrolled cell proliferation in response to inflammatory stimuli. Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats triggers MAPK activation and pro-inflammatory mechanisms by increasing cytokine secretion, similar to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in suppressing the expression of inflammatory markers in the kidney and may contribute to reducing cellular proliferation. This study evaluated the effect of pre-treatment with paricalcitol on ADRN in renal inflammation mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an osmotic minipump containing activated vitamin D (paricalcitol, Zemplar, 6 ng/day) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%). Two days after implantation, ADR (Fauldoxo, 3.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%) was injected. The rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, n = 6; paricalcitol, n = 6; ADR, n = 7 and, ADR + paricalcitol, n = 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VDR activation was demonstrated by increased CYP24A1 in renal tissue. Paricalcitol prevented macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli, cortex, and outer medulla, prevented secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, increased arginase I and decreased arginase II tissue expressions, effects associated with attenuation of MAPK pathways, increased zonula occludens-1, and reduced cell proliferation associated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Paricalcitol treatment decreased the stromal cell-derived factor 1α/chemokine C-X-C receptor type 4/β-catenin pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paricalcitol plays a renoprotective role by modulating renal inflammation and cell proliferation. These results highlight potential targets for treating CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single umbilical artery and associated birth defects in perinatal autopsies: prenatal diagnosis and management.","authors":"Manushree Saxena, Bhagyashri Hungund","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.07.03","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.07.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The umbilical cord forms the connection between the fetus and the placenta at the feto-maternal interface and normally comprises two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. In some cases, only a single umbilical artery (SUA) is present. This study was conducted to evaluate associations between SUA and other congenital malformations discovered in perinatal autopsies and to ascertain the existence of preferential associations between SUA and certain anomalies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated records of all fetuses sent for autopsy to the Department of Pathology during the 10-year period from 2013 through 2022 (n = 1,277). The data were obtained from the hospital's pathology laboratory records. The congenital anomalies were grouped by organ or system for analysis and included cardiovascular, urinary tract, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal, and lung anomalies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A SUA was present in 8.61% of the autopsies. The gestational age of the affected fetuses ranged between 13 to 40 weeks. An SUA presented as an isolated single anomaly in 44 cases (3.4%). Of the 110 SUA cases, 60% had other congenital anomalies. There was a significant association between birth defects and SUAs (p < .001). Strong associations between SUA and urinary tract, lung, and musculoskeletal anomalies were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A SUA is usually seen in association with other congenital malformations rather than as an isolated defect. Therefore, examination for associated anomalies when an SUA is detected either antenatally or postnatally is imperative. The findings of this study should be helpful in counseling expectant mothers and their families in cases of SUA.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"214-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravascular schwannoma as an extremely unusual cause of vein obstruction: a case report.","authors":"Luis Miguel Chinchilla-Tábora, Beatriz Segovia Blázquez, José María Sayagués, Marta Rodríguez González, Joaquín González-Rivero, José Antonio Muñoz León, Andrea Beatriz Jiménez Pérez, Idalia González Morais, Diego Bueno-Sacristán, María Dolores Ludeña","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.05.15","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.05.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The blood vessel lumen is an extremely rare location for a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor like schwannoma. Less than 10 cases have been previously reported. In this report, we present a case of a 68-year-old woman who had a soft tissue nodule at the posterior calf of her left leg during a physical examination. Pathological examination was performed after complete surgical excision. The patient underwent follow-up for 12 months after surgery without evidence of recurrence or any other complication. This is the first case of intravascular schwannoma reported as a cause of vein obstruction. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of Schwann spindle cells that were immunoreactive for S100 protein and SOX10. This tumor was surrounded by a well-defined vascular smooth muscle wall. Prospective series are required to improve the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of intravascular schwannoma development.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"249-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence algorithm for neoplastic cell percentage estimation and its application to copy number variation in urinary tract cancer.","authors":"Jinahn Jeong, Deokhoon Kim, Yeon-Mi Ryu, Ja-Min Park, Sun Young Yoon, Bokyung Ahn, Gi Hwan Kim, Se Un Jeong, Hyun-Jung Sung, Yong Il Lee, Sang-Yeob Kim, Yong Mee Cho","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.07.13","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.07.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bladder cancer is characterized by frequent mutations, which provide potential therapeutic targets for most patients. The effectiveness of emerging personalized therapies depends on an accurate molecular diagnosis, for which the accurate estimation of the neoplastic cell percentage (NCP) is a crucial initial step. However, the established method for determining the NCP, manual counting by a pathologist, is time-consuming and not easily executable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this, artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed to estimate the NCP using nine convolutional neural networks and the scanned images of 39 cases of urinary tract cancer. The performance of the AI models was compared to that of six pathologists for 119 cases in the validation cohort. The ground truth value was obtained through multiplexed immunofluorescence. The AI model was then applied to 41 cases in the application cohort that underwent next-generation sequencing testing, and its impact on the copy number variation (CNV) was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each AI model demonstrated high reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.82 to 0.88. These values were comparable or better to those of pathologists, whose ICCs ranged from 0.78 to 0.91 in urothelial carcinoma cases, both with and without divergent differentiation/ subtypes. After applying AI-driven NCP, 190 CNV (24.2%) were reclassified with 66 (8.4%) and 78 (9.9%) moved to amplification and loss, respectively, from neutral/minor CNV. The neutral/minor CNV proportion decreased by 6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that AI models could assist human pathologists in repetitive and cumbersome NCP calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"229-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's new in adrenal gland pathology: WHO 5th edition for adrenal cortex.","authors":"Carol N Rizkalla, Maria Tretiakova","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.07","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 5th edition of WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors (2022) introduced many significant changes relevant to endocrine daily practice. In this newsletter, we summarize the notable changes to the adrenal cortex based on the 5th edition of the WHO classification [1].</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tubular adenoma arising in tubular colonic duplication: a case report.","authors":"Heonwoo Lee, Hyeong Rok An, Chan Wook Kim, Young Soo Park","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.04","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colonic duplication constitutes a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by the presence of hollow cystic or tubular structures exhibiting an epithelial-lined intestinal wall. Diagnostic challenges persist due to its low incidence and manifestation of nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain or constipation, resulting in a reluctance to pursue surgical resection. As associated malignancies in colonic duplication are rare, the inherent malignant potential of these anomalies remains undetermined. Additionally, despite reported instances of associated malignancies in colonic duplication, there is an absence of reports in the literature detailing tubular adenoma within these cases. The histologic features of the presented case are particularly noteworthy, situated at the precancerous stage, intimating potential progression towards adenocarcinoma within colonic duplication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"198-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical practice recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with solid cancer: a joint report from KSMO and KSP.","authors":"Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun Min Lim, Han Sang Kim, Choong-Kun Lee, Jee Hung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jina Yun, So Yeon Park, Hye Seung Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Soo Jeong Nam, Kiyong Na, Sun Och Yoon, Ahwon Lee, Kee-Taek Jang, Hongseok Yun, Sungyoung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Wan-Seop Kim","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2023.11.01","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2023.11.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":"58 4","pages":"147-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcoming the new, revisiting the old: a brief glance at cytopathology reporting systems for lung, pancreas, and thyroid.","authors":"Rita Luis, Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu, Deepali Jain, Sule Canberk","doi":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.11","DOIUrl":"10.4132/jptm.2024.06.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review addresses new reporting systems for lung and pancreatobiliary cytopathology as well as the most recent edition of The Bethesda Reporting System for Thyroid Cytopathology. The review spans past, present, and future aspects within the context of the intricate interplay between traditional morphological assessments and cutting-edge molecular diagnostics. For lung and pancreas, the authors discuss the evolution of reporting systems, emphasizing the bridge between past directives and more recent collaborative efforts of the International Academy of Cytology and the World Health Organization in shaping universal reporting systems. The review offers a brief overview of the structure of these novel systems, highlighting their strengths and pinpointing areas that require further refinement. For thyroid, the authors primarily focus on the third edition of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, also considering the two preceding editions. This review serves as an invaluable resource for cytopathologists, offering a panoramic view of the evolving landscape of cytopathology reporting and pointing out the integrative role of the cytopathologist in an era of rapid diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":46933,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine","volume":"58 4","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}