Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia最新文献

{"title":"Prospective observational study on the efficacy and tolerability of a complex of phytochemicals versus dutasteride in the treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptomps due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.","authors":"Giuseppe Saitta, Franco A Mantovani, Benedetto Calabrese, Camilla Aliboni, Giuseppe Di Paola, Attilio L Meazza, Mauro Seveso","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12869","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of our study was to treat 2 similar groups of patients suffering from BPH: one group with a complex based on phycocyanin, PEA and selenium; the other group with dutasteride. So the effectiveness of these treatments was checked, especially regarding the improvement of LUTS and the reduction of PSA and prostate volume.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We included 104 patients in the study. All patients aged between 50 and 70 years, PSA values between 4 and 10 ng/ml, prostate volume calculated by transrectal ultrasound between 50 and 70 cc, flowmetry with maximum flow value greater than or equal to 10 ml/s, no suspicious nodules on DRE, no suspicious lesions on MRI (PI-RADS 1-2), negative previous prostatic biopsies or never bioptied, moreover absence of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure (blood creatinine >2 mg/dl). We considered: -Group A of 54 men who used the complex; -Group B of 50 patients treated with dutasteride. Then we controlled all patients 6 months after starting therapy, considering the following parameters: PSA, prostate volume, flowmetry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that both dutasteride and complex decreased PSA levels (both had a p<0.0001), with a more significant contribution of dutasteride (mean decrease of -2.743 ng/ml vs -0.971 ng/ml). Uroflowmetry also improved with both ( p<0.0001) with a mean increase in maximum flow of urine of + 3.03 ml/min for the former and + 13.02 ml/min for the latter. Lastly, dutasteride proved to be highly effective on reducing the prostate volume on TRUS (- 22.14 ml, p<0.0001) compared to Ficoxpea, which showed a mean decrease of - 10.04 ml (p<0.0001). Moreover the consistent reduction in prostate volume obtained through the use of dutasteride proved to be more intense than the one obtained by using the complex even in statistical analysis (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both Ficoxpea and Dutasteride showed reduction of PSA values after 6 months of treatment. The complex based on phycocyanin, PEA and selenium showed a statistically significant improvement in urinary flow, while dutasteride acts more on the volume of the prostate. However, the natural complex is a product with good efficacy on the phlogistic component and does not have the side effects of dutasteride (e.g. gynecomastia, reduced libido). Therefore, we believe it can be used by a large part of the population, in order to reduce LUTS and PSA and improve urinary flow, without side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of obstructing ureteral stones during pregnancy: A systematic review of different techniques.","authors":"Catarina Laranjo Tinoco, Maria João Oliveira, Ana Sofia Araújo, Andreia Cardoso, Carlos Oliveira, Paulo Mota, João Pimentel Torres","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12153","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal colic is the most common non-obstetric cause of abdominal pain during pregnancy and is associated with a higher risk of complications in these women. When invasive treatment is required, options are temporary drainage with ureteral stent (JJ) or percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), or immediate definitive treatment with ureteroscopy (URS). Our goal was to review the safety and efficacy of these procedures in treating urolithiasis during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adhering to the PRISMA checklist guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for articles on the efficacy and complications of the three procedures in pregnant women. The quality of evidence and risk of bias were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Institute of Health Economics tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 45 articles, totaling 3424 interventions in pregnant women - 2188 URS, 719 JJ, and 517 PCN. URS was the most assessed procedure, with stone-free rates comparable to the non-pregnant patients. The most frequent complications were lower urinary symptoms and infections independently of the intervention. Obstetric complications for all interventions included 167 cases of preterm labor, resulting in 24 premature births. No statistically significant differences in post-operative complications were reported between the procedures in the few comparative studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the absence of high-quality studies, current evidence suggests that URS, JJ, and PCN are all safe and effective during pregnancy. As most patients submitted to temporary drainage require a second procedure post-delivery, primary URS appears more efficient. Therefore, it is the preferred option unless there are indications for temporary drainage.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining kidney transplantation procedure among adult lupus nephritis: Expedient review approach and meta-analysis from the last couple of decades.","authors":"Syah Mirsya Warli, Andi Raga Ginting, Naufal Nandita Firsty, Adrian Joshua Velaro, Stephani Clarissa Sembiring, Dewi Masyithah Darlan, Zaimah Zulkarnaini Tala","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12627","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The actual prognostic impact of prior lupus nephritis (LN) diagnosis on end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients remains questionable, especially in relation to outcomes of kidney transplantation (KTx) We aim to determine the survival of the graft and recipient after the KTx procedure among patients with ESKD due to LN in comparison to non-LN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This meta-analysis included retrospective studies from the last two decades, focusing on the KTx's outcomes among ESKD due to LN in comparison to non-LN. We establish the graft/recipient survival rate at different follow-up intervals as the primary outcome, and acute graft rejection and pooled graft failure rate as secondary outcomes. All analyses were performed with the random-effect model (REM) and were presented as odd ratio (OR; within 95% confidence interval (CI)). The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42023394310.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,299 KTx (368 LN patients) from 10 studies with >10 years of follow-up were thoroughly reviewed. All checkpoints (at 1-, 5-, 10, and 15-year post-KTx) on graft survival rate demonstrated comparable outcomes in either LN or non-LN (e.g., at 10-year follow up (OR, 1.08 [0.40, 2.91]; p = 0.88). Similar findings at all checkpoints for recipient survival rate were also observed without statistically significant difference between LN and non-LN arm (e.g., at 10-year checkpoint; OR, 0.99 [0.68, 1.46]; p = 0.98). Both of our secondary analyses also presented insignificant differences (p = 0.70 and = 0.16, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggested that prognosis of ESKD due to complicated LN is equal compared to ESKD associated with non-LN etiologies, suggesting the impact of LN as the inducing cause of ESKD on KTx outcome is relatively neglectable.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual intercourse before embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology might enhance probability of pregnancy: An observational study.","authors":"Cennikon Pakpahan, Agustinus Agustinus, Ashon Sa'adi, Aucky Hinting, Lia Hinting, Christian Melka Parmanto, Andri Rezano","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modifying the maternal immune system is necessary to facilitate embryo implantation. Modifying the immune system can occur in several ways, including maternal exposure to the partner's seminal plasma. Seminal plasma exposure can occur through sexual intercourse. To prove this theory, we investigate the effect of sexual intercourse on the chances of successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) in both fresh and frozen embryo transfer (ET) groups in terms of biochemical and clinical pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational analytical study with a retrospective cohort study design. This study compared biochemical and clinical pregnancy in patient groups who had sexual intercourse with those who did not have sexual intercourse during the IVF process. This study involved 132 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study reported that there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who had sex before ET and those who did not have sex before ET. However, patients who experience orgasm during sex show significant rates of biochemical (p = 0.009) and clinical pregnancy (p = 0.027) rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sexual intercourse did not show a significant difference between the groups who had sex before ET and those who did not have sex, but the experience of orgasm every time they had sex recently had a positive impact on reproductive health, especially pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on male fertility.","authors":"Tarek Mohamed Gharib, Khaled Almekaty, Ashraf Mohamed Abdel Aal, Ibrahim Abdel-Al, Hazem Deif, Gamal M Hassan, Ahmed Haty, Mohamed Abdelrahman Alhefnawy","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effect of electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on several sperm parameters and the male reproductive system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study was performed on 216 subjects, aged 18-60 years. Two equal groups of subjects were assigned to group A (study group) if they were living close to cell phone tower stations for at least 6 months and group B (control group) formed from individuals living 100 meters away from cell phone tower stations. Every subject underwent a comprehensive history taking, a clinical assessment, and laboratory testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding morphology index in the studied groups, the exposed group exhibited a trend of reduced percentage of normal morphology compared to the non-exposed group, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Regarding the total sperm motility (A+B+C) and progressive sperm motility (A+B) in the studied groups, the exposed group showed a trend of decreased total sperm motility and of progressive sperm motility in contrast to the non-exposed group, with no statistical difference between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personal wrong lifestyles with exposure to electromagnetic waves have shown a trend towards a reduced percentage of normal morphology and reduced motility although nonstatistically significant compared with non-exposed populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of flexible ureterorenoscopy in treating multiple renal stones: a cohort study.","authors":"Sarwar Noori Mahmood, Rawa Bapir, Khoshbin Faeq Mustafa, Ahmed Mohammed Abdalqadir, Shakhawan Hama Amin Said, Nali H Hama, Hiwa O Abdullah, Berun A Abdalla, Fahmi H Kakamad","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12617","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While the efficacy of flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) in managing solitary kidney stones (KSs) is widely acknowledged, its effectiveness in treating multiple stones has scarcely been investigated. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) utilizing flexible URS and laser lithotripsy in the management of multiple KSs.  Methods: This study was a single-group cohort study conducted on patients with multiple KSs who underwent treatment with RIRS using flexible URS and laser lithotripsy. Stone-free status was considered as the lack of residual stone fragments or any residual stone of any size. The first follow-up appointment was arranged 3-4 weeks following the procedure. If significant residual stones were present, patients underwent reintervention within 2-4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 patients with multiple KSs were included. The mean stone burden was 27.5 ± 7.9 mm, and the mean duration of the operation was 54.9 ± 19.7 minutes. Seven cases (6.3%) experienced intraoperative complications, while postoperative complications were found in eight cases (7.3%). After four weeks, a stone-free rate (SFR) was documented in 80.9% of the cases, and this rate increased to 93.6% after three months. The SFR after three months was significant with Guy's stone score (p < 0.001); however, it did not reach a significant level with any other parameters.  Conclusions: The RIRS with flexible URS may be an effective and potentially safe procedure for treating multiple KSs. It may yield a favorable SFR with an acceptable complication rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment to \"An unusual \"linitis plastica\" like breast cancer bladder metastasis\".","authors":"Raquel Diaz, Rosario Leonardi, Federica Murelli, Piero Fregatti, Carlo Terrone, Guglielmo Mantica","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dear Editor, We read with interest the recently published article by Farci et al., titled \"An unusual 'linitis plastica' like breast cancer bladder metastasis\" and we congratulate the authors for the very interesting topic and case presented...</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasectomy histology: Is it still useful?","authors":"Anthony Sim, Panagiotis Nikolinakos, Konstantinos Charitopoulos, Ivo Donkov, Samuel Bishara","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine if histological evaluation of the vasa is useful when post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) compliance is low and to determine whether compliance could be predicted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective evaluation of patients undergoing vasectomy between 2018 and 2022 was undertaken. A comparison of the PVSA between three vasa histological categorisations was made: complete divisions, incomplete division(s), absent vas(a). A multivariate model was constructed to predict PVSA compliance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 388 patients, 191 (49.2%) undertook PVSA. Four patients had a revision of vasectomy. On 3 occasions this was due to the histology findings and once from semen analysis with normal histology. There was no significant difference in the number of azoospermic samples (95.4% vs 91.2%, ns), of samples with presence of Rare Non-Motile Sperm (RNMS) (2.6% vs 8.8%, ns) and those with sperm present (2.0 vs 0%, ns), between patients with complete division of the vasa on both sides and those with incomplete division on one side respectively. There was no difference in patient characteristics between those who complied with PVSA and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper suggests that there is a role for histological evaluation of the vasa when PVSA compliance is poor. Incompletely divided vasa on histology are not associated with an adverse PVSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmed death-ligand expression and lymph node involvement in penile squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Inês Peyroteo, Filipa Santos, Celso Marialva, Rodrigo Brito Ramos","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our objective was to investigate the association between programmed death-ligand (PD-L1) immunoexpression measured as a combined positive score and clinical outcomes in penile SqCC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed all penile SqCC cases diagnosed in our institution between 2018 and 2023. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was performed as a qualitative assay. Immunoexpression in both tumor and immune cells equal or superior to 1 was considered positive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34 patients with conventional penile SqCC were included. Eleven cases were HPV-associated (32.4%). Twelve cases were PD-L1 CPS < 1 and twenty-two were PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1. Nine cases (32.4%) were PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 and p16 positive, but this did not translate in worse clinicopathological features. Larger tumors (3.0 cm in PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 vs 2.5 cm in PD-L1 CPS < 1; p = 0.662), vascular invasion (36.4% in PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 vs. 25.0% in PD-L1 CPS < 1; p = 0.705) and perineural invasion (40.9% in PD-L1 CPS≥1 vs. 16.7% in PD-L1 CPS < 1; p = 0.252) were associated with PD-L1 expression. Among the high-risk features, only lymph node involvement had statistical significance, with 14 out of 22 PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 patients (63.6%) having lymph node metastases when lymphadenectomy was performed (p = 0.031). With a median follow-up of 16 months (IQR 27.5), PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 patients had worse overall survival (53.4 months vs 75.9 months), but no statistical significance could be inferred (p = 0.188).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is noteworthy the clinical significance of lymph node involvement in PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 cases and a trend towards worse overall survival in this group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining ultrasound and elastography for the detection of a non-palpable, non-sonographically visualized Peyronie's plaques. Our experience.","authors":"Gianni Paulis, Giovanni De Giorgio, Andrea Paulis","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>B-mode ultrasound (US) medical imaging is very effective in localizing and describing Peyronie's disease (PD). Moreover, elastography is a new technique used to evaluate tissue elasticity to detect penile Peyronie's plaques that are not visible using standard B-mode US.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of real-time elastography (RTE) in PD patients and to determine whether its combined use with standard US improved diagnostic accuracy. RTE is also known as strain elastography (SE). Additionally, this study aimed to assess whether RTE was useful for monitoring PD patients undergoing conservative treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of 37 PD patients in the active phase was selected based on US examination showing isoechoic or hypo-isoechoic plaques, with or without associated hyperechoic or calcified plaque areas. All patients underwent traditional US combined with RTE before starting conservative treatment with antioxidants, during treatment and after treatment. After each examination with RTE, a specific \"Strain Ratio\"(SR) was used to identify the specific elasticity of the tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using B-mode US with RTE, we detected all 13 non-palpable penile plaques present in the 37 PD patients (100% of cases). Using only B-mode US, we detected only 8 of the 13 non-palpable plaques (61.5% of cases). The DI of the plaque decreased during and after treatment in all cases, indicating that RTE is effective for monitoring conservative PD treatment. A statistically significant correlation was found between the DI and plaque volume in all patients (p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study has shown that the combination of US and RTE methods allowed for a more accurate diagnosis in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"96 3","pages":"12690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}