Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of short- and long-term complications of early versus delayed penile prosthesis implantation in patients with ischemic priapism.","authors":"Agustin J Nanda De Niro, Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa, Marshal Harvy Wicaksono, Pande Made Wisnu Tirtayasa, Kadek Budi Santosa, I Wayan Yudiana, Nyoman Gede Prayudi","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12576","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study determined pooled estimates of short- and long-term complications of early versus delayed implantation of penile prosthesis in patients with ischemic priapism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOHost, and other sources from January 1, 2013, to March 2023. All study designs were included except animal studies, review articles, and consensus documents. Of the 214 articles, four studies were included in the systematic review, and further meta-analysis included three studies (PROSPERO CRD42023411005).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The short-term complication rate was lower with early implantation than with later implantation (β= -2.08; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = -3.54, -0.6; p = < 0.05). A similar value was also found in the pooled analysis for long-term outcomes, defined as overall satisfaction rate, which is better with early implantation than later (β = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.35, 3.02; p= < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the pooled analysis confirmed that short-term complications were significantly lower with early implantation than with delayed implantation. Overall satisfaction rates were higher in early implantation than in delayed implantation of penile prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of intracavernosal injection of platelet-rich plasma for treating patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction: A GRADE-Assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Niwanda Yogiswara, Fikri Rizaldi, Mohammad Ayodhia Soebadi","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12687","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown positive effects on enhancing erectile function in animal studies. Human clinical trials are limited and provide contradictory results. This review aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the available Randomized controlled trials (RCT) to assess the efficacy of PRP in males with ED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was carried out following the Cochrane Handbook of Intervention and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023441655).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of three RCTs were included in the analysis for a total of 221 patients with mild to moderate ED. The patients receiving PRP reported significantly better improvement of IIEFEF score during 1,3- and 6-months follow-up compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48 to 3.83, p < 0.01; MD 2.11, 95%CI 0.13 to 4.09, p = 0.04; MD 2.99, 95%CI 1.79 to 4.19, p < 0.01). The pooled analysis indicated that attainment of minimally clinical important difference (MCID) was significantly higher in patients receiving PRP compared to the placebo group during one and 6-month follow-up (odds ratio [OR] 5.51, 95%CI 1.2 to 254, p = 0.03; OR 5.64, 95%CI 2.05 to 15.55, p < 0.01; respectively). Encouragingly, no major AEs were reported in all three trials in the PRP and placebo groups (p = 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights the potential role of PRP in providing short-term improvement of erectile function parameters for up to 6 months in mild to moderate ED patients. Future RCTs with longer-duration follow-ups and more standardized treatment protocols are necessary to gain sufficient details on PRP's long-term effectiveness and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events related to laser fibers and laser machines during ureteroscopy and stone lithotripsy: Insights from an updated 10-year analysis of the US MAUDE database.","authors":"Patrick Juliebø-Jones, Mathias Sørstrand Æsøy, Christian Beisland, Vincent De Coninck, Etienne Xavier Keller, Lazaros Tzelves, Peder Gjengstø, Christian Arvei Moen, Bhaskar K Somani, Øyvind Ulvik","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12374","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ureteroscopy has become increasingly chosen as a treatment of choice for patients with kidney stone disease and laser as the energy source for stone lithotripsy is a key part of this. Our aim was to analyse a national database to evaluate the burden of adverse events related to laser fibers and laser machines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Search was performed of the Manufacturer User and Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database in the United States for all events related to holmium laser fibers and holmium laser machines during ureteroscopy between 2012-2021. Information collected included the following: problem, timing, prolonged anaesthesia, early termination of procedure, injury and retained parts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>699 holmium laser fiber events were reported and these had been manufactured by 13 different companies. The commonest problems were breakage outside the patient while in use (26.3%) and breakage of the laser fiber tip (21.2%). Manufacturers concluded root cause to be device failure in 8.9%. 29% of issues occurred before the laser had been activated. 5.2% of cases had to be cancelled as a result of an event. Significantly more injuries were sustained intra-operatively by operating staff compared to patients (6% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001). All these injuries were superficial burns to the skin with the hand being the most affected body part (88.1%). Zero ocular injuries were reported. Only eight events were related to laser machines and all involved sudden hardware failure but no patient injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Laser fibers are fragile. Most adverse events are due to operator error. Direct patient injury from laser fiber is scarce but operating staff should be aware of the risk of sustaining minor burns. Laser machines rarely incur problems and, in this study, did not result in any safety issues beyond need to abort the procedure due to lack of spare equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Bottoms-up\" minimally-invasive approach to inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer management. A single-center comparative study versus open approach and review.","authors":"Vlad-Horia Schițcu, Vlad Cristian Munteanu, Mihnea Bogdan Borz, Ion Cojocaru, Sergiu Vasile Labo, Andrei-Ionut Tise","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12643","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Open inguinal lymph node dissection (OILND) plays a crucial role in penile cancer management, but in order to improve patient outcomes, minimally-invasive (MILND) approaches were developed. Our \"bottoms-up\" MILND is a novel endoscopic technique, changing the way the sequence of dissection is performed. This study aims to compare our approach to the current standard of OILND in terms of oncologic and perioperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In our database, from 2016 to 2023, 12 patients underwent OILND and 16 had a \"bottoms-up\" MILND, which is performed with a three port configuration, starting the dissection under the fascia lata, dissecting the femoral vessels in the most distal part of the femoral fossa, followed by dissection of the proximal and superficial lymph nodes at the top of thefemoral triangle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For MILND, median operation time per groin was shorter (58 vs 64 minutes, p=0.34), patients presented shorter hospital stays (10 vs 18 days, p=0.32) and fewer days with drains (14 vs 24 days, p=0.01). Median lymph node yield per groin was higher for MILND (10 vs 9 nodes, p=0.7), but OILND had a higher median of positive lymph nodes (4 vs 3 nodes, p=0.63). MILND patients experienced a lower incidence of major complications (33% vs 58%, p=0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have proved that our technique of MILND is not inferior to the current standard and we believe that it can further improve patient outcomes with a safer, simplified and easily reproducible approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox: a new threat for healthcare and urology?","authors":"Rosario Leonardi, Angelo Cafarelli, Alessandro Calarco, Renzo Colombo, Ottavio De Cobelli, Ferdinando De Marco, Giovanni Ferrari, Giuseppe Ludovico, Stefano Pecoraro, Domenico Tuzzolo, Guglielmo Mantica","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic viral disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, traditionally confined to central and west Africa, which has recently spread to other regions worldwide, making it a global health concern...</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFTR Exon 10 deleterious mutations in patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens in a cohort of Pakistani patients.","authors":"Khush Bakhat, Irsa Mateen, Hina Saif, Kanwal Anwar, Sadaf Sarfraz, Sheza Javaid, Khaleeq Ur Rehman, Adnan Arshad, Muhammad Mustafa","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12464","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) is a urological syndrome of Wolffian ducts and is responsible for male infertility and obstructive azoospermia. This study is designed to explore the integrity of exon 10 of CFTR and its role in male infertility in a cohort of CBVAD patients in Pakistan. Genomic DNA was extracted from 17 male patients with CBAVD having clinical symptoms, and 10 healthy controls via phenol-chloroform method. Exon 10 of the CFTR gene was amplified, using PCR with specific primers and DNA screening was done by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing results were analyzed using freeware Serial Cloner, SnapGene, BioEdit and FinchTV. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the mutations and their impact on the protein function and stability. We have identified 4 mutations on exon 10 of CFTR in 6 out of 17 patients. Two of the mutations were missense variants V456A, K464E, and the other two were silent mutations G437G, S431S. The identified variant V456A was present in 4 of the studied patients. Whereas, the presence of K464E in our patients further weighs on the crucial importance for its strategic location to influence the gene function at post-transcriptional and protein level. Furthermore, Polyphen-2 and SIFT analyze the mutations as harmful and deleterious. The recurrence of V456A and tactically conserved locality of K464E are evidence of their potential role in CBAVD patients and in male infertility. The data can contribute in developing genetic testing and treatment of CBAVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual \"linitis plastica\" like breast cancer bladder metastasis.","authors":"Riccardo Farci, Simona Tolu, Matilde Trombetta, Alessandro Murgia, Andrea Solinas","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12483","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BrC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in woman and most BrC related deaths are due to metastasis. BrC frequently metastasizes to the lymph nodes, liver, lung, bone and brain while the urinary bladder is considered as an unusual site for breast metastasis. We report a case of bladder metastasis identified in a patient with past BrC history, presenting with hematuria, low urinary tract symptoms, and hydronephrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgeon's point of view in vesico-vaginal fistula management.","authors":"Kadek Budi Santosa, Stacia Novia Marta, Ronald Sugianto, Fina Widia, Parsaoran Nababan, Harrina Erlianti Rahardjp","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF) are the most commonly acquired fistulas of the urinary tract. The management of VVF is mainly based on expert opinion and surgeon experience. This study aims to provide the practice patterns and outcomes of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) management in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes the results of a survey among the surgeons who performs VVF repair in referral hospitals throughout Indonesia between June and July of 2021. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS descriptively by displaying the relative frequency of the answers to each question of the questionnaire form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected responses from 93 respondents consisting of 68 urologists and 25 gynecologists. The most commonly reported cause of VVF was obstetric (50.5%). Most respondents confirmed the diagnosis of VVF by cystoscopy (81.7%). Waiting time to repair VVF was generally 12 weeks (79.6%), while the transvaginal approach repair was more often performed (77.4%). An additional procedure, such as tissue interposition was performed in 50.5% of cases. Tissue interposition was mostly indicated in recurrent VVF (81%), with omentum being the most selected tissue interposition (71%). When indicated, the most selected method of transabdominal approach was open transvesical (54,84%). A laparoscopic approach was performed only in 7.5% of cases. Overall, the success rate for VVF repair in Indonesia was 70-100% at first attempt.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The transvaginal approach is preferred, either with or without an interposition tissue flap. The success rate at the first attempt is satisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in bladder neck angles between female patients with overactive bladders and healthy peers.","authors":"Mehmet Yoldas, Mehmet Zeynel Keskin","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2024.12294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the differences between angles of bladder neck in girls with overactive bladder and those in healthy ones using transabdominal ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study consists of 28 girls complicated with overactive bladder (Group I) and 40 healthy girls (Group II). The anteroposterior vesical wall angle (APVA), urethroposterior vesical wall angle (UPVA), urethroanterior vesical wall angle (UAVA), thickness of bladder mucosa, distance of urethral orifices, and distance between ureter and urethra orifice were measured in supine position using transabdominal ultrasonography. The results were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UAVA in Group I was higher than Group II (135.2 ± 12.2 mm vs. 117.4 ± 14.0 mm; p = 0.009). UPVA was smaller in Group I than Group II (114.6 ± 19.5 mm vs. 135.3 ± 16.5 mm; p = 0.014). The distance between the ureteral orifices was 31.8 ± 8.5 mm in Group I and 17.0 ± 4.1 mm in Group II (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of APVA, bladder mucosa thickness, and distance between ureter and urethra orifice (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bladder neck dynamics may play an important role in overactive bladder pathophysiology due to differences in UPVA, UAV, and location of ureteral orifices in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of urinary stones: state of the art and future perspectives by experts in stone disease.","authors":"Athanasios Papatsoris, Alberto Budia Alba, Juan Antonio Galán Llopis, Murtadha Al Musafer, Mohammed Alameedee, Hammad Ather, Juan Pablo Caballero-Romeu, Antònia Costa-Bauzá, Athanasios Dellis, Mohamed El Howairis, Giovanni Gambaro, Bogdan Geavlete, Adam Halinski, Bernhard Hess, Syed Jaffry, Dirk Kok, Hichem Kouicem, Luis Llanes, Juan M Lopez Martinez, Elenko Popov, Allen Rodgers, Federico Soria, Kyriaki Stamatelou, Alberto Trinchieri, Christian Tuerk","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12703","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2024.12703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To present state of the art on the management of urinary stones from a panel of globally recognized urolithiasis experts who met during the Experts in Stone Disease Congress in Valencia in January 2024. Options of treatment: The surgical treatment modalities of renal and ureteral stones are well defined by the guidelines of international societies, although for some index cases more alternative options are possible. For 1.5 cm renal stones, both m-PCNL and RIRS have proven to be valid treatment alternatives with comparable stone-free rates. The m-PCNL has proven to be more cost effective and requires a shorter operative time, while the RIRS has demonstrated lower morbidity in terms of blood loss and shorter recovery times. SWL has proven to be less effective at least for lower calyceal stones but has the highest safety profile. For a 6mm obstructing stone of the pelviureteric junction (PUJ) stone, SWL should be the first choice for a stone less than 1 cm, due to less invasiveness and lower risk of complications although it has a lower stone free-rate. RIRS has advantages in certain conditions such as anticoagulant treatment, obesity, or body deformity. Technical issues of the surgical procedures for stone removal: In patients receiving antithrombotic therapy, SWL, PCN and open surgery are at elevated risk of hemorrhage or perinephric hematoma. URS, is associated with less morbidity in these cases. An individualized combined evaluation of risks of bleeding and thromboembolism should determine the perioperative thromboprophylactic strategy. Pre-interventional urine culture and antibiotic therapy are mandatory although UTI treatment is becoming more challenging due to increasing resistance to routinely applied antibiotics. The use of an intrarenal urine culture and stone culture is recommended to adapt antibiotic therapy in case of postoperative infectious complications. Measurements of temperature and pressure during RIRS are vital for ensuring patient safety and optimizing surgical outcomes although techniques of measurements and methods for data analysis are still to be refined. Ureteral stents were improved by the development of new biomaterials, new coatings, and new stent designs. Topics of current research are the development of drug eluting and bioresorbable stents. Complications of endoscopic treatment: PCNL is considered the most invasive surgical option. Fever and sepsis were observed in 11 and 0.5% and need for transfusion and embolization for bleeding in 7 and 0.4%. Major complications, as colonic, splenic, liver, gall bladder and bowel injuries are quite rare but are associated with significant morbidity. Ureteroscopy causes less complications, although some of them can be severe. They depend on high pressure in the urinary tract (sepsis or renal bleeding) or application of excessive force to the urinary tract (ureteral avulsion or stricture). Diagnostic work up:  Genetic testing consents the diagnosis of monog","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}