Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Comment on \"<i>Lady Urologist</i> and male patients with prostate cancer\".","authors":"Elisabetta Costantini, Ester Illiano","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13708","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a member of the Editorial Board  and a pioneering woman in the world of urology, I would like to make some comments on the letter published in the present issue of Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia about Suzanne Koven's book published in 2021...</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":" ","pages":"13708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of inflammation on prostate tumor dynamics: a pathological perspective on prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.","authors":"Syakri Syahrir, Muhammad Asykar Palinrungi, Mochammad Hatta, Khoirul Kholis, Syarif Syarif, Abdul Azis, Muhammad Faruk","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13353","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic inflammation is associated to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study evaluated the correlation between inflammatory markers fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 in PCa and BPH tissues to understand their involvement in disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional investigation was carried out, examining prostate specimens from 62 male patients diagnosed with PCA or BPH. Specimens were taken via transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to look for inflammatory infiltrates and aggressiveness. The levels of FGF2, IL-8, and IL-6 were evaluated using ELISA. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used in the statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-grade inflammation was found in all BPH cases (100%), but not in PCa cases. In BPH tissues, elevated levels of IL-8 and IL-6 had a significant correlation with high-grade inflammation (p < 0.05). On the other hand, PCa tissues had considerably greater FGF2 levels than benign tissues (p < 0.05). Elevated FGF2 levels and the lack of high-grade inflammation in PCa tissues point to different pathogenic processes in PCa and BPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of chronic inflammation in BPH development, with IL-8 and IL-6 playing essential roles. The results imply that treating BPH by focusing on IL-8 and IL-6 may be beneficial. Increased levels of FGF2 in PCa tissues suggest that this protein may be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for PCa. These findings highlight the importance of targeting both inflammatory and growth factor pathways for treating prostatic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":" ","pages":"13353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with perilesional injections of pentoxifylline in patients with Peyronie's disease improves the therapeutic effect of oral and topical antioxidant therapy.","authors":"Gianni Paulis, Andrea Paulis, Giovanni De Giorgio","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13525","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To the Editor, We conducted a retrospective study to demonstrate that it is possible to achieve better therapeutic outcomes through combining perilesional injections of pentoxifylline (PTX) with oral antioxidants and the local application of a cream containing antioxidants and a gel containing diclofenac in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD)...</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":" ","pages":"13525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of antegrade minimally percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of upper ureteral impacted stones: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Kequan Cheng, Xuwei Hong, Gang Wang, Zepai Chi, Kemal Sarica, Guoyuan Liu, Yonghai Zhang","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13336","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare the safety and efficacy of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) vs minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) in the minimal invasive management of impacted upper ureteral stones along with the evaluation of predictive radiological parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Patients and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective analysis was done in 124 patients, undergoing RIRS (n:61) and mPCNL (n:63) for the management of impacted upper ureteral stones. Both operative (success and complication rates, operative time, postoperative hospital stay) and radiological (ureteral wall thickness, UWT), stone volume (SV), and stone density (Hounsfield unit, HU) factors were all evaluated and recorded. Comparative evaluation of stone free status in both groups was done following 72 hours and 4-weeks after the procedures to calculate the primary stone-free as well as final stone clearance rates. Additionally, the outcomes of RIRS group were categorized based on the intraoperative findings (presence or absence of stone encasement by a polyp) and preoperative radiological parameters. All data were well analyzed for statistical significance. A significance level of p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Baseline patient and stone related characteristics were similar in two groups. The success rates after a single session for RIRS and mPCNL were 73.77% and 93.65%, respectively (p=0.003), indicating a significantly higher success rate for mPCNL. However the final stone clearance rates were 96.72% and 100.00%, respectively (p=0.147), with no significant difference observed among the groups. The RIRS group demonstrated higher rate of need for auxiliary treatments (p&lt;0.001), shorter hospital stay (p&lt;0.001) and lower incidence of bleeding (p&lt;0.001). Radiological evaluation showed no significant differences in stone volume, HU and UWT values between patients with and without residual stones after RIRS (Pstone volume = 0.151, PHU = 0.451, PUWT = 0.083). Similarly, no significant differences were observed with respect to these values also in mPCNL patients, (Pstone volume = 0.532, PHU = 0.455, PUWT = 0.658). However, a significant difference has been noted regarding the mean value of UWT between the stones surrounded by a polypoid alterations and the ones without such changes with values 5.23 ± 0.65 mm, to 4.10 ± 0.82 mm, respectively (p=0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our results demonstrated that antegrade mPCNL achieves faster stone clearance and a lower re-treatment rate without serious complications in impacted upper ureteric stones. However, RIRS could be a valuable and safe alternative with comparable success rates particularly in cases with contraindications to or unwillingness for mPCNL. Preoperative assessment of ureteral wall thickness (UWT) value may be a good predictor for the possible tissue changes in ureteral wall at stone site to guide the decision making of the most app","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"97 1","pages":"13336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urogenital and extra genital mutilation in gender-affirming surgery: are we violating <i>primum non nocere</i>?","authors":"Zeki Bayraktar","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13324","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In transgender individuals, there is a mismatch between biological sex and gender (sex-gender discordance), and this mismatch is often attempted to be resolved by changing the sex [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":" ","pages":"13324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and oncological outcomes for young men (≤55 years) undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.","authors":"Shahryar Zeighami, Ali Ariafar, Alireza Makarem, Faisal Ahmed, Mohammadreza Askarpour","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.12658","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2025.12658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research aimed to compare the prostate cancer (PCa) features, survival rate, and functional outcomes after open suprapubic Radical Prostatectomy (RP) between younger men (≤ 55 years) and older men (> 55 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we studied 134 patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent RP at our centers between 2011 and 2019, with 26 (19.40%) patients aged ≤ 55. Pathological parameters, survival rate (at 5 and 10 years), and functional outcomes such as erectile function and continence rate (at two years from RP) were evaluated retrospectively, and the two groups were compared. The Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards method were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men aged ≤ 55 had greater rates of organ-confined tumors, lower D'Amico risk grouping, and pathologic Gleason grade than their older counterparts (all p<0.05). The median follow-up was 81 months. The overall survival rate at five and ten years in younger men vs older counterparts was 96.15% vs. 93.47% and 92.15% v. 82.13% but was not statistically significant (p=0.1539). Five-year biochemical recurrence-free and metastasis-free survival rates in younger men vs older counterparts were 96.2% vs 81.5% and 75.7% vs 51.5%. Men > 55 years were associated with worse BCR-free and metastasis-free survival in univariate analysis and worsening BCR in multivariate analysis. The continence rate was significantly improved in men aged ≤ 55 years compared to older counterparts (OR: 5.08; 95% CI: 1.61-22.61; p=0.013). However, erectile function was not statistically significant between groups [for moderate ED: (OR:1.08; 95% CI: 0.43-2.79, p=0.865), for severe ED (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.35-11.50, p=0.579=)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed that survival rates were similar in younger men (≤ 55 years) and their older counterparts. However, older patients who underwent RP had more advanced disease, worse BCR-free survival, and worse continence rate. For localized prostate cancer patients under 55 years of age, radical prostatectomy is an excellent treatment option with excellent long-term survival results. Given the relatively small number of patients younger than 55, a large cohort study with long-term postprocedural follow-up is needed to validate this observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":" ","pages":"12658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced patient recovery with early extensive surgical deb-ridement in Fournier's Gangrene: evaluation of perioperative outcomes in a multicentric experience.","authors":"Giovanni Cochetti, Alessio Paladini, Luca Lepri, Andrea Vitale, Raffaele La Mura, Miriam Russo, Paolo Mangione, Matteo Mearini, Andrea Fabiani, Emanuele Iacobone, Lucilla Servi, Ettore Mearini, Michele Del Zingaro","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13207","DOIUrl":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare, life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis primarily affecting the perineal, genital, and perianal regions. This rapidly progressing bacterial infection predominantly affects middleaged and elderly men. This multicenter study aims to describe the management in a wide cohort of Fournier's gangrene cases that presented to three tertiary centers with early extensive surgical debridement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively collect data from patients with FG who were referred to the Urology Clinic of the Department of Medicine and Surgery (Perugia), the Urological Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques Unit (Terni) of the University of Perugia, and the Urology Unit of the Surgery Department of the Macerata Civic Hospital between January 2019 and March 2024 for onset of classic signs and symptoms of FG. Extensive surgical debridement was immediately performed under general anesthesia to reach normochromic and vascularized tissue in wide and depth extension, assuring vital and healthy margins. For all patients, intravenous daptomycin plus piperacillin/tazobactam were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 male patients with FG underwent early surgical debridement. In two cases, orchidectomy and partial penectomy were required during surgical debridement due to extensive necrosis. Colon diversion and urinary diversion were not necessary for any of the patients. 32.1% complications were recorded according to the Clavien Dindo classification; 6 patients died in the perioperative. Excluding death data, the average duration of antibiotic therapy was 22.0±9.1 days, and the average length of stay was 17.6±11.8 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fournier's gangrene has high mortality rates. It requires timely surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy to achieve positive outcomes. This study shows that a primary extensive debridement can help reduce the need for further intervention and shorten the hospital stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":" ","pages":"13207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering a new nutraceutical based on pollen extract and teupolioside: a prospective monocentric study evaluating its role in alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.","authors":"Mattia Lo Re, Marta Pezzoli, Anna Cadenar, Elettra Fuligni, Leonardo Gajo, Andrea Minervini, Andrea Cocci","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in men over 50, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A nutraceutical containing pollen extract (Graminex® G96®) and teupolioside has shown potential in alleviating LUTS by targeting inflammation and dihydrotestosterone production. This prospective, monocentric study enrolled 60 patients with mild to moderate LUTS due to BPH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants received one tablet daily for three months. Assessments included the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), uroflowmetry, postvoid residual (PVR), and sexual function (IIEF-5, MSHQ EjD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-three patients completed the follow-up. Significant improvements were observed in IPSS and QoL (p<0.001), with scores decreasing from 14 (11-16) at baseline to 10 (8-12) at three months and decreasing from 3 (2-3) to 2 (2-2), respectively. Uroflowmetry parameters (Qmax and PVR) improved, increasing from 12 (11-16) ml/s to 15 (11-17) ml/s and decreasing from 50 (30-55) ml to 35 (25-45) ml, respectively, without statistical significance (p>0.05). Sexual function and PSA levels remained stable, with no significant adverse effects reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of pollen extract and teupolioside effectively alleviates LUTS in BPH patients with a favorable safety profile, particularly in avoiding sexual dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"97 1","pages":"13412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancy between male and female perceptions of ejaculation latency and sexual satisfaction: results from an online open survey.","authors":"Andrea Cocci, Marta Pezzoli, Arturo Lo Giudice, Gaia Polloni, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Leonardo Gajo, Daniel Giunti, Michele Di Dio, Borja Garcia Gòmez, Manuel Alonso Isa, Agustin Fraile Poblador, Javier Romero Otero, Andrea Minervini, Mattia Lo Re","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premature ejaculation is a sexual dysfunction that can impact both men and women. This study aimed to shed light on this condition within a cohort as extensive as possible.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted an online open survey, distributed via social media, proposing a questionnaire regarding various aspects including the duration of ejaculatory latency, perceptions of premature or delayed ejaculation, as well as lifestyle and psychological aspects of sexuality. The questionnaire comprised 77 questions for male participants and 16 for female participants, with responses structured on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1300 men and 1197 women participated in the survey, completing the entire questionnaire.The median age (IQR) of male participants was 27 (23-32) years, while that of female participants was 22 (19-35) years. Men reported a median (IQR) ejaculatory latency time of 17 (8-20) minutes during sexual intercourse, compared to 20 (15-20) minutes reported by women. Only 7.5% (98) of men and 5% (60) of women reported an ejaculatory latency time of less than 3 minutes in their last five sexual encounters (p=0.0001). Twelve percent (160) of men believed they consistently experienced premature ejaculation, whereas only 3% (41) of women reported this sensation (p=0.0001). Regarding satisfaction with ejaculatory latency time, 7% of men (85) expressed dissatisfaction, whereas only 2% of women (28) reported the same (p=0.0001). Conversely, only 12% of men (160) considered themselves completely satisfied, compared to 30% of women (358) (p=0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These analyses highlight a dissonance between male and female perceptions of premature ejaculation, not only in terms of actual intercourse duration but also in terms of psychological perception and sexual well-being. This should suggest a need to increase awareness among the population regarding the contrast between idealized sexual experiences and reality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"97 1","pages":"13445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine alkalinization for dissolution of uric acid stones and treatment of other urological diseases with a treatment combining potassium magnesium citrate and theobromine.","authors":"Celia Abad Rodriguez-Hesles, Hassan Alkhatatbeh, María Belén Alonso Bartolomé, Carmen Arai Valladares Ferreiro, Hector Ricardo Ayllón Blanco, Cristina Calzas Montalvo, Daniel Carrasco Gómez, Marta Casadevall Rubau, Elena Maria Casas Martinez, Sara Esturo Sacristan, Miguel Gómez Garberí, Blanca Gómez-Jordana Mañas, Rosa Maria Gras Martinez, Ana Morales Martínez, Pedro Hernandez-Peñalver, Silvia Juste Alvarez, Alberto López Sierra, Rafael Maria Mas Lucas, Isabel Mohedano Sánchez, Isabel Montuenga Fernandez, Baraa Nakdali Kassab, Maria Negueroles-Garcia, Leticia Ruibal Gago, Laura Sánchez, Bernat Isern, Alberto Trinchieri","doi":"10.4081/aiua.2025.13824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2025.13824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urine alkalinization can be used for the treatment of some urological diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of cases showing the beneficial effects of urine alkalinization with potassium magnesium citrate, theobromine, zinc and vitamin A for the dissolution of uric acid stones and the treatment of other urological pathological conditions is presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alkalinization was effective in the dissolution of uric acid renal stones in various clinical conditions. Two cases of bilateral renal stone, four cases of staghorn renal stone, seven patients with unilateral renal stone, and five cases of ureteral stone were described. In this group the age ranged from 46 to 91 years, the M/F ratio was 7/11, the density of the stones ranged between 300 and 528. In most cases the urinary pH ranged from 5 to 5.5. Diabetes was observed in 4 cases, obesity in 4 cases and hyperuricemia in 7. Alkalinizing treatment achieved complete dissolution of the stone in 12 cases and almost complete or partial dissolution in other 6. A combination of potassium magnesium citrate, theobromine, zinc and vitamin A was used in all the cases.  In 4 cases the administration of allopurinol was associated. In one case with obstructive ureteral stones, stone dissolution was obtained with the combined administration of bicarbonate via nephrostomy and intravenous bicarbonate and oral treatment with citrates.  Stone dissolution of uric acid stones has also been described in some specific clinical conditions such as Crohn's disease with ileostomy, outcome of partial nephrectomy, cross-fused renal ectopia. Alkalinization was also used to prevent encrustation of a self-expanding metallic ureteral stent. Alkalinization has also been employed during the period of Mitomycin administration for the treatment of non-muscle infiltrating bladder tumors and for the treatment of overactive bladder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of these case reports demonstrate that urinary alkalinization with frequent monitoring of urinary pH ​can be successfully employed in the non-surgical treatment of uric acid stones of different sizes in various locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46900,"journal":{"name":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia","volume":"97 1","pages":"13824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}