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Approaching Equality? Media Treatment of Male and Female Members of Presidential Cabinets in a Cross-Country Comparison 接近平等？总统内阁男女成员的媒体待遇跨国比较
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.42
Brenna Armstrong, Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson
{"title":"Approaching Equality? Media Treatment of Male and Female Members of Presidential Cabinets in a Cross-Country Comparison","authors":"Brenna Armstrong, Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.42","url":null,"abstract":"Generalizability of extant findings about media treatment of women in politics is uncertain because most research examines candidates for the legislature or heads of government, and little work moves beyond Anglo-American countries. We examine six presidential cabinets in Costa Rica, Uruguay, and the United States, which provide differing levels of women’s incorporation into government. These cases permit us to test hypotheses arguing that differences in media treatment of men and women cabinet ministers will decrease as women’s inclusion in government expands, and that media treatment of women is more critical when women head departments associated with masculine gender stereotypes. Results show that greater incorporation of women into government is associated with fewer gendered differences in media coverage, tone of minister coverage is more favorable for women who hold masculine stereotyped portfolios, and that the media does present qualifications of women cabinet ministers.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ideology of Brazilian Parties and Presidents: A Research Note on Coalitional Presidentialism Under Stress 巴西政党和总统的意识形态：关于压力下联盟总统制的研究说明
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.24
Cesar Zucco, Timothy J. Power
{"title":"The Ideology of Brazilian Parties and Presidents: A Research Note on Coalitional Presidentialism Under Stress","authors":"Cesar Zucco, Timothy J. Power","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"This research note contributes updated and extended point estimates of the ideological positions of Brazilian political parties and novel estimates of the positions of all presidents since redemocratization in 1985. Presidents and parties are jointly responsible for the operability of Brazil’s version of coalitional presidentialism. Locating these key political actors in a unidimensional left–right space over time reveals rising challenges to the institutional matrix, particularly since 2013. Ideological polarization among parties has sharply increased, presidents have become more distant from Congress, and the political center has become increasingly vacated. Coalitional presidentialism is being subjected to unprecedented ideological stress as President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva begins his third term in office.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139573878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The new corruption crusaders: Security sector ties as an anti-corruption voting heuristic 新的反腐斗士：作为反腐败投票启发式的安全部门关系
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.39
Luiz Vilaça, Jacob R. Turner
{"title":"The new corruption crusaders: Security sector ties as an anti-corruption voting heuristic","authors":"Luiz Vilaça, Jacob R. Turner","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the salience of corruption in elections in Latin America and beyond, it remains unclear what makes certain candidates attractive to voters as solutions to address corruption. Building on studies about the effect of candidates’ professional affiliation on voting behavior, we hypothesize that police and military officers are perceived to be more competent to address corruption. We test our theoretical expectations through an online survey of Brazilian voters with an image-based factorial experiment that presents respondents with three randomly generated handbills, varying candidates’ professional affiliations and potential confounders, such as economic policy, insider versus outsider status, and demographic features. Our results demonstrate that candidates affiliated with the police or the military are perceived to be more effective at reducing corruption, all else equal. The effect of police or military professions on candidates’ perceived effectiveness to fight corruption varies according to respondents’ ideology and is particularly significant among conservative voters.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139489872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“I Would Prefer Not To”: Establishing the Missing Link between Invalid Voting and Public Protest in Latin America "我宁愿不投票建立拉丁美洲无效投票与公众抗议之间的缺失联系
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.29
Alberto Lioy
{"title":"“I Would Prefer Not To”: Establishing the Missing Link between Invalid Voting and Public Protest in Latin America","authors":"Alberto Lioy","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While invalid voting is often treated as protest behavior in an electoral context, its association with actual political protests has not yet been empirically demonstrated. The relative scarcity of research on the topic is likely due to the hybrid nature of invalid voting as a both formal and informal political gesture. The novel availability of event-based data for public protests in Latin America allows for testing whether their occurrence is connected with changes in spoiled and blank ballots. Using an appropriate dynamic regression model covering variations in the 148 intervals between Latin American legislative elections in the 1979–2021 period, this study finds a strong connection between the emergence of antigovernment protests and surges in invalid voting (and vice versa). This relationship still holds at parity of economic conditions and it is reinforced by a lack of alternation in the party of power. Conversely, the appearance of workers’ strikes appears to work as a substitute for this behavior, which is also chosen by voters when democracy deteriorates, while corruption has no independent impact on invalid voting. Overall this work’s findings promise to send the research agenda on invalid voting in a new direction, previously unexplored because of an absence of fitting data.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139489877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inside the Black Box: Uncovering Dynamics and Characteristics of the Chilean Central Government Bureaucracy with a Novel Dataset 黑箱内部：利用新数据集揭示智利中央政府官僚机构的动态和特征
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.41
Daniel Brieba, Mauricio-René Herrera-Marín, Marcelo Riffo, Danilo Garrido
{"title":"Inside the Black Box: Uncovering Dynamics and Characteristics of the Chilean Central Government Bureaucracy with a Novel Dataset","authors":"Daniel Brieba, Mauricio-René Herrera-Marín, Marcelo Riffo, Danilo Garrido","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines bureaucracies using a novel dataset of Chilean central government employees from 2006 to 2020. Unlike perception-based sources, this dataset provides objective, disaggregated, and longitudinal insights into bureaucrats’ characteristics and careers. The authors validate it against official employment statistics and conduct an exploratory and descriptive analysis, presenting six descriptive findings about the Chilean bureaucracy that cannot be discovered using available aggregate data. The analysis reveals significant degrees of personnel stability and professionalization in the civil service, but with considerable rigidity in careers and substantial interagency heterogeneity in turnover, wages, and exposure to political cycles. These findings suggest that the Chilean national bureaucracy is mostly well developed along Weberian lines, though not uniformly so. These measurements also serve as a benchmark for comparing other Latin American bureaucracies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139400587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transitioning Guerrillas: An Analysis of the Internal Cohesion of the Former FARC in Their Transit from War to Democracy 过渡游击队：分析前哥伦比亚革命武装力量从战争向民主过渡的内部凝聚力
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.37
Juan E. Ugarriza, Rafael C. Quishpe, Diana C. Acuña, Mónica A. Salazar
{"title":"Transitioning Guerrillas: An Analysis of the Internal Cohesion of the Former FARC in Their Transit from War to Democracy","authors":"Juan E. Ugarriza, Rafael C. Quishpe, Diana C. Acuña, Mónica A. Salazar","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of ex-rebels’ political parties after peace accords creates a vehicle for political reintegration, which in turn has positive effects on peace and democracy consolidation after war. However, many of these parties tend to break apart and disappear, elevating the risk of renewed cycles of political violence. In times of war, cohesion plays a pivotal role in maintaining the bonds among members of armed organizations. It empowers them to perform effectively even in the face of challenging conditions and continues to be a critical factor during postconflict transitions. By means of a quantitative analysis of former FARC guerrillas in Colombia, now part of a newly founded legal political party, we test whether ideology, organizational dynamics, or individual perceptions and motivations help to explain their levels of cohesion. Our results show that even if all dimensions add up to the observed cohesion levels, perceptions of internal democracy, and inclusion, are the most relevant. We argue that assistance to former rebels in their organizational reengineering efforts after war will help to reduce the risk of the negative effects of rebel party collapse.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138658164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partisan Stereotyping and Polarization in Brazil 巴西的党派成见与两极分化
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.38
David Samuels, Fernando Mello, Cesar Zucco
{"title":"Partisan Stereotyping and Polarization in Brazil","authors":"David Samuels, Fernando Mello, Cesar Zucco","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.38","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, Brazilian voters have grown polarized between supporters of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party, PT), known as <jats:italic>petistas</jats:italic>, and its opponents, known as <jats:italic>antipetistas</jats:italic>. What explains this animosity? One potential source of polarization is partisan stereotyping, a tendency for partisans to misperceive the social composition of both their own side’s bases of support as well as their opponents’. We show that most Brazilians overestimate the extent to which petistas and antipetistas belong to party-stereotypical groups such as Afro-Brazilians, evangelical Christians, or poor or rich people. We then show that stereotyping is associated with polarization: the greater the bias in perceived partisan group composition, the greater the perceptions of partisan political extremism and feelings of social distance toward the partisan out-group.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138658209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partial Presidential Vetoes and Executive–Legislative Bargaining: Chile, 1990–2018 总统部分否决与行政立法谈判：智利，1990-2018 年
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.33
Jorge Belmar Soto, Patricio Navia, Rodrigo Osorio
{"title":"Partial Presidential Vetoes and Executive–Legislative Bargaining: Chile, 1990–2018","authors":"Jorge Belmar Soto, Patricio Navia, Rodrigo Osorio","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"Defined as a credible threat that strengthens the bargaining position of the executive, presidential vetoes, widely understudied, carry a stigma of confrontation between state powers. But under some institutional setups, partial vetoes can be an additional step in the executive–legislative bargaining process. After a discussion of whether partial vetoes are a proactive legislative tool or a bargaining tool to induce executive–legislative cooperation, we test four hypotheses using the 2,346 bills introduced in Chile between 1990 and 2018 that reached a vetoable stage. We identified 97 partial vetoes (4.2 percent) and one total veto. Presidents are more likely to veto bills with more complex legislative processes and when they have stronger support in at least one chamber, but more popular presidents do not veto more bills. As most presidential vetoes in Chile are partial, they are an additional executive–legislative bargaining step in the lawmaking process rather than evidence of hyperpresidentialism.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138582912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Bureaucratic Politics of Urban Land Rights: (Non)Programmatic Distribution in São Paulo’s Land Regularization Policy 城市土地权利的官僚政治:圣保罗土地正规化政策中的(非)规划分配
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.35
Marcela Alonso Ferreira
{"title":"The Bureaucratic Politics of Urban Land Rights: (Non)Programmatic Distribution in São Paulo’s Land Regularization Policy","authors":"Marcela Alonso Ferreira","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do bureaucrats implement public policy when faced with political intermediation? This article examines this issue in the distribution of land rights to informal settlements in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Land regularization is a policy established over three decades, where politicians’ requests for land titles to their constituencies play a relevant role. Based on interviews and documents, this study finds that bureaucrats adopt a twofold approach to regulate distribution: they document informal settlements, enacting eligibility criteria; then, they manage and prioritize beneficiaries, accommodating qualifying political demands. In this process, they enforce eligibility rules consistently across cases, constraining political intermediation to a rational scheme. Therefore, bureaucrats reconcile nonprogrammatic politics and policy rules by separating eligibility assessment from beneficiary selection. This paper bridges urban distributive politics and street-level bureaucracy literature by revealing that policy implementers may use technical expertise to curb political influence and negotiate conflicting interests and constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138481102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who Gets Credit? Citizen Responses to Local Public Goods 谁有功劳?市民对地方公共物品的反应
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.25
Katherine McKiernan
{"title":"Who Gets Credit? Citizen Responses to Local Public Goods","authors":"Katherine McKiernan","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"In decentralized systems, citizens struggle to identify which level of government provides local goods. This problem is particularly salient in weakly institutionalized party environments, where politicians at different levels of government are less likely to benefit from partisan coattail effects. This article asks how citizens attribute credit for local public goods. I argue that citizens have a strong tendency to attribute credit to local politicians. As a result, citizens will respond differently to credit-claiming behavior by local and national politicians. Local politicians experience a ceiling effect, in which credit claiming has no effect on how citizens attribute credit. However, national politicians have no such ceiling and can claim credit to increase the likelihood that citizens will attribute credit to them. As a result, both political actors can receive credit for the same local goods. The article tests and supports these theoretical predictions using a vignette survey experiment in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"107 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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