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The Opposite of Containment: Electoral System Change in Argentina’s 1912 Democratic Transition 遏制的对立面：1912年阿根廷民主转型中的选举制度变迁
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2025.3
Valentín Figueroa
{"title":"The Opposite of Containment: Electoral System Change in Argentina’s 1912 Democratic Transition","authors":"Valentín Figueroa","doi":"10.1017/lap.2025.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2025.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The traditional narrative of Europe’s first wave of democratization is that elites extended the franchise in response to revolutionary threats and reformed majoritarian electoral systems to limit rising working-class parties. This stylized account does not fit early twentieth-century South America, where democratization was driven by internal competition within incumbent parties, without strong working-class parties to contain. I study Argentina’s 1912 electoral reform that introduced elements of democracy (secret and compulsory voting) and simultaneously changed the electoral system from multi-member plurality to the limited vote. To study the motivations behind the electoral system change component of the reform package, I analyze expert surveys, legislative debates, and a 1911 public opinion poll. Granting representation to political minorities was regarded not as an electoral containment strategy to benefit incumbents, but a progressive measure to make opposition parties more competitive. An analysis of roll-call votes shows that legislators who supported the reform were those expecting to not be adversely affected.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activating without Transforming: The Use of Technology to Engage Activists in Political Campaigns 激活而不转化：利用技术使积极分子参与政治运动
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2025.6
Rafael Piñeiro-Rodríguez, Fernando Rosenblatt, Gabriel Vommaro
{"title":"Activating without Transforming: The Use of Technology to Engage Activists in Political Campaigns","authors":"Rafael Piñeiro-Rodríguez, Fernando Rosenblatt, Gabriel Vommaro","doi":"10.1017/lap.2025.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2025.6","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze how new technologies can be used to foster individual engagement that limits deliberation and reduces people’s capacity for political action within parties. We present the results of an analysis of the case of the Argentinean Propuesta Republicana (PRO). Using data from in-depth interviews with key actors—party elites and political consultants—we show that new technologies helped to mobilize almost 1 million volunteers in presidential elections, without transforming them into party stakeholders. This incorporation, though successful for organization and mobilization, reinforced the existing distribution of power within the party, by activating new adherents without engaging them in a collective organizational structure.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"99 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Right and the Politics of Labor Informality Enforcement 劳工非正式执法的权利与政治
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.55
Xabier Gainza, Andrés Espejo, Felipe Livert
{"title":"The Right and the Politics of Labor Informality Enforcement","authors":"Xabier Gainza, Andrés Espejo, Felipe Livert","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The enforcement of labor informality is subject to electoral motivations, and political parties on the left and right have different incentives to do so. While leftist governments are more lenient not to harm their informal electorate, right-wing incumbents face an electoral dilemma: the part of its constituency that benefits from informal work is in favor of a permissive attitude, but another section demands a tough hand to deal with the unfair competition that informal work represents. Taking Chile as a case study and drawing on panel data on labor inspections, this article explores the electoral drivers behind enforcement. Our estimations, robust to fixed-effect and panel event-study approach, reveal that the left does not forbear, but the right carries out selective enforcement, concentrating inspections in competitive districts and accelerating the pace of control as presidential polls approach. The article concludes with policy recommendations to limit the electoral bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Legislative Turnover in Latin America: Introducing a New Dataset and Analyzing Its Temporal Dynamics 拉丁美洲立法更替：一个新数据集的引入及其时间动态分析
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.56
Karel Kouba, Michael Weiss
{"title":"Legislative Turnover in Latin America: Introducing a New Dataset and Analyzing Its Temporal Dynamics","authors":"Karel Kouba, Michael Weiss","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.56","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article examines the patterns of turnover of Latin American legislators. It contributes (1) by introducing a large original dataset of turnover rates in 204 elections between 1985 and 2023 based on manually coded lists of all Latin American legislators elected since 1985, (2) by describing the cross-national and temporal patterns of turnover in Latin America, and (3) by examining empirically the relationship between turnover rates and temporal institutional arrangements designed to regulate the time horizons of legislators. The data reveals that turnover rates in Latin America are extremely high on average (around 70%) compared to democracies in other regions, although with significant variation. Institutional determinants governing time horizons of politicians are associated with turnover, with term limits, the presence of staggered elections and term length being positively associated with elevated turnover rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ambivalent Relationship between South America and the Liberal International Order: Regional Counter-institutionalization in the Fields of Migration and Election Monitoring 南美与自由国际秩序的矛盾关系：移民和选举监督领域的区域反制度化
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2025.1
Giovanni Agostinis, Leiza Brumat
{"title":"The Ambivalent Relationship between South America and the Liberal International Order: Regional Counter-institutionalization in the Fields of Migration and Election Monitoring","authors":"Giovanni Agostinis, Leiza Brumat","doi":"10.1017/lap.2025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2025.1","url":null,"abstract":"Under what conditions do South American states create regional institutions that consolidate or undermine the liberal international order (LIO)? To address this question, we compare two cases of contestation of the LIO through counter-institutionalization in the domains of migration and election monitoring, both of which are closely related to the LIO’s core political principles. We argue that the variation in the effects of counter-institutionalization—LIO-consolidating in the case of migration and LIO-undermining in the case of election monitoring—results from the interaction of two explanatory factors: the source of dissatisfaction with the LIO’s norms and institutions in a specific domain, and the preferences of the state that exercises regional leadership in support of counter-institutionalization. The article sheds light on the coexistence of liberal and illiberal tendencies in South America’s regionalism and contributes to the debate on the determinants and effects of contestations of the LIO in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gone with the Rebels: Reshaping Local Orders in Post-Peace Agreement Colombia 与叛军同行：和平协议后哥伦比亚重塑地方秩序
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.58
José A. Gutiérrez, Clara Voyvodic
{"title":"Gone with the Rebels: Reshaping Local Orders in Post-Peace Agreement Colombia","authors":"José A. Gutiérrez, Clara Voyvodic","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP, and the demobilization of the latter, dismantled the governance structures in regions formerly under rebel control. Drawing from a relational security framework, this article explores how, across three case-studies, communities use their former experience of rebel governance as a framework through which they could express expectations and dissatisfaction with new types of order. This blueprint is also used to make specific demands to new or reconstituted armed groups and to take direct action to address governance gaps, reproducing and co-constructing order post-demobilization. However, we observe that both the organization of the community and the capacity and ideology of armed groups could also be limiting factors to the community’s reproduction of order post-demobilization. From a peacebuilding perspective, this means that there can be pressure from below in favor of remobilization, as a predictable insurgent order may be preferable to uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affective polarization in Latin America: A research note 拉丁美洲的情感两极分化：一份研究报告
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.51
Marcelo Bergman, Pablo Fernández
{"title":"Affective polarization in Latin America: A research note","authors":"Marcelo Bergman, Pablo Fernández","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Affective polarization (AP), a concept that summarizes intense partisans’ animosity towards opposing parties and positive feelings towards their own, has recently received increasing attention. Despite a growing interest in Latin American polarization, there are very few empirical studies on the range and depth of dislike and distrust towards political adversaries in the region, and how this impacts the quality of democracies. This research note uses survey data collected after ten election cycles in six countries to estimate the scope and depth of AP in the region. We measure the extent of polarization in Latin America compared to other Western nations, assess its evolution, and makes some inroads to explain who drives AP. On aggregate, Latin America does not show large AP scores, yet there are clear signs of an upward trend. More than a widespread social phenomenon, the evidence suggests that AP is driven by large intense minorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changing Urban Movements Repertoires Following the Erosion of Porto Alegre’s Participatory Budgeting: From Institutionalized Participation to Deinstitutionalization 阿雷格里港参与式预算侵蚀后城市运动曲目的变化：从制度化参与到去制度化参与
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.31
Jonas Lefebvre
{"title":"Changing Urban Movements Repertoires Following the Erosion of Porto Alegre’s Participatory Budgeting: From Institutionalized Participation to Deinstitutionalization","authors":"Jonas Lefebvre","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Brazil, numerous participatory institutions have been suspended over the past decades, including many participatory budgeting (PB) programs at the municipal level. Since the introduction of PB in Porto Alegre in 1989, extensive literature has discussed its effects on the way urban social movements make demands. However, the suspension of many PBs across Brazil raises a new question: how do these movements adapt following the loss of an arena that had become central to their efforts? Looking at the pioneering experience of Porto Alegre’s PB, whose progressive erosion started in 2002, I argue that urban movements have since shifted away from institutionalized participation routines, and adopted new routines that combine bureaucratic activism with proximity politics. Focusing on these movements’ repertoires of interactions I argue that the erosion of PB led to the deinstitutionalization of urban social movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unpacking Bribery: Petty Corruption and Favor Exchanges 解读贿赂：小腐败和利益交换
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.50
Diego Romero
{"title":"Unpacking Bribery: Petty Corruption and Favor Exchanges","authors":"Diego Romero","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The incidence of petty corruption in public service delivery varies greatly across citizens and geography. This paper proposes a novel explanation for citizen engagement in collusive forms of petty corruption. It is rooted in the social context in which citizen-public official interactions take place. I argue that social proximity and network centrality provide the two key enforcement mechanisms that sustain favor exchanges among socially connected individuals. Bribery, as a collusive arrangement between a citizen and a public official, relies on the same enforcement mechanisms. Using an original dataset from a household survey conducted in Guatemala, the analysis shows that social proximity and centrality allow citizens to obtain privileges through implicit favor exchanges and illicit payments. These findings are not driven by better access to information about the bribery market. This paper contributes to our understanding of the role of preexisting social relations in sustaining corrupt exchanges.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fairweather Cosmopolitans: Immigration Attitudes in Latin America During the Migrant Crisis 天气晴好的世界主义者：移民危机期间拉丁美洲的移民态度
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.35
Brett R. Bessen, Brendan J. Connell, Ken Stallman
{"title":"Fairweather Cosmopolitans: Immigration Attitudes in Latin America During the Migrant Crisis","authors":"Brett R. Bessen, Brendan J. Connell, Ken Stallman","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What explains voter attitudes toward immigration in Latin America? This article argues that increased refugee arrivals moderate the impact of social identities on immigration attitudes. We propose that informational cues associated with increased immigration make cosmopolitan identities less important—and exclusionary national identities more important—determinants of immigration preferences. Analyzing 12 Latin American countries from the 2017–2022 wave of the World Values Survey, we demonstrate that cosmopolitanism is positively associated with pro-immigration attitudes, but only in countries experiencing low-to-moderate refugee inflows. Conversely, nationalism is negatively associated with pro-immigrant attitudes, and increasingly so as refugee inflows increase. The uneven distribution of refugee migration has therefore reshaped public opinion in Latin America by moderating the effects of competing social identities (i.e., cosmopolitanism and nationalism). These findings contribute to broader debates on the behavioral impacts of immigration by highlighting an indirect mechanism by which increased immigration may generate anti-immigrant hostility.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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