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Affective polarization in Latin America: A research note
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.51
Marcelo Bergman, Pablo Fernández
{"title":"Affective polarization in Latin America: A research note","authors":"Marcelo Bergman, Pablo Fernández","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Affective polarization (AP), a concept that summarizes intense partisans’ animosity towards opposing parties and positive feelings towards their own, has recently received increasing attention. Despite a growing interest in Latin American polarization, there are very few empirical studies on the range and depth of dislike and distrust towards political adversaries in the region, and how this impacts the quality of democracies. This research note uses survey data collected after ten election cycles in six countries to estimate the scope and depth of AP in the region. We measure the extent of polarization in Latin America compared to other Western nations, assess its evolution, and makes some inroads to explain who drives AP. On aggregate, Latin America does not show large AP scores, yet there are clear signs of an upward trend. More than a widespread social phenomenon, the evidence suggests that AP is driven by large intense minorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changing Urban Movements Repertoires Following the Erosion of Porto Alegre’s Participatory Budgeting: From Institutionalized Participation to Deinstitutionalization
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.31
Jonas Lefebvre
{"title":"Changing Urban Movements Repertoires Following the Erosion of Porto Alegre’s Participatory Budgeting: From Institutionalized Participation to Deinstitutionalization","authors":"Jonas Lefebvre","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Brazil, numerous participatory institutions have been suspended over the past decades, including many participatory budgeting (PB) programs at the municipal level. Since the introduction of PB in Porto Alegre in 1989, extensive literature has discussed its effects on the way urban social movements make demands. However, the suspension of many PBs across Brazil raises a new question: how do these movements adapt following the loss of an arena that had become central to their efforts? Looking at the pioneering experience of Porto Alegre’s PB, whose progressive erosion started in 2002, I argue that urban movements have since shifted away from institutionalized participation routines, and adopted new routines that combine bureaucratic activism with proximity politics. Focusing on these movements’ repertoires of interactions I argue that the erosion of PB led to the deinstitutionalization of urban social movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unpacking Bribery: Petty Corruption and Favor Exchanges 解读贿赂：小腐败和利益交换
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.50
Diego Romero
{"title":"Unpacking Bribery: Petty Corruption and Favor Exchanges","authors":"Diego Romero","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The incidence of petty corruption in public service delivery varies greatly across citizens and geography. This paper proposes a novel explanation for citizen engagement in collusive forms of petty corruption. It is rooted in the social context in which citizen-public official interactions take place. I argue that social proximity and network centrality provide the two key enforcement mechanisms that sustain favor exchanges among socially connected individuals. Bribery, as a collusive arrangement between a citizen and a public official, relies on the same enforcement mechanisms. Using an original dataset from a household survey conducted in Guatemala, the analysis shows that social proximity and centrality allow citizens to obtain privileges through implicit favor exchanges and illicit payments. These findings are not driven by better access to information about the bribery market. This paper contributes to our understanding of the role of preexisting social relations in sustaining corrupt exchanges.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fairweather Cosmopolitans: Immigration Attitudes in Latin America During the Migrant Crisis 天气晴好的世界主义者：移民危机期间拉丁美洲的移民态度
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.35
Brett R. Bessen, Brendan J. Connell, Ken Stallman
{"title":"Fairweather Cosmopolitans: Immigration Attitudes in Latin America During the Migrant Crisis","authors":"Brett R. Bessen, Brendan J. Connell, Ken Stallman","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What explains voter attitudes toward immigration in Latin America? This article argues that increased refugee arrivals moderate the impact of social identities on immigration attitudes. We propose that informational cues associated with increased immigration make cosmopolitan identities less important—and exclusionary national identities more important—determinants of immigration preferences. Analyzing 12 Latin American countries from the 2017–2022 wave of the World Values Survey, we demonstrate that cosmopolitanism is positively associated with pro-immigration attitudes, but only in countries experiencing low-to-moderate refugee inflows. Conversely, nationalism is negatively associated with pro-immigrant attitudes, and increasingly so as refugee inflows increase. The uneven distribution of refugee migration has therefore reshaped public opinion in Latin America by moderating the effects of competing social identities (i.e., cosmopolitanism and nationalism). These findings contribute to broader debates on the behavioral impacts of immigration by highlighting an indirect mechanism by which increased immigration may generate anti-immigrant hostility.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Resisting Is Not Enough: The killing of Latin American Feminist Activists (2015–23) 当抵抗还不够时：拉丁美洲女权活动家的杀戮（2015-23）
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.36
Simone da Silva Ribeiro Gomes
{"title":"When Resisting Is Not Enough: The killing of Latin American Feminist Activists (2015–23)","authors":"Simone da Silva Ribeiro Gomes","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article analyses an original database of 177 Latin American women activists killed that had some connection with feminist social movements from 2015 to 2023. A growing body of literature has focused on the killings of socio-environmental activists in Latin America and where they occurred. However, their activisms are under-researched, precisely because feminist social movements and activists have frequently been killed while advocating for women’s rights in the subcontinent. This article focuses on the circumstances, a few reasons portrayed in newspaper events, and the perpetrators of such violence. Based on a literature review, I argue that taking into account the recent <span>narcodynamics</span> of the region, it is possible to understand such violence within the context of drug-related violence, but also—and more likely—to consider those killings as political feminicides. Political feminicides are then examined largely through transfeminicides and peasant/communitarian activists.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Unified Canon? Latin American Graduate Training in Comparative Politics 统一标准？拉丁美洲比较政治学研究生培训
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.42
Nicolás Taccone, Inés Fynn, Ignacio Borba
{"title":"A Unified Canon? Latin American Graduate Training in Comparative Politics","authors":"Nicolás Taccone, Inés Fynn, Ignacio Borba","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Latin American comparative politics, a tension exists between North Americanization and parochialism. While certain academic scholarship is published in Scopus-indexed journals that engage with “mainstream” Global North literature, other works are found in non-indexed outlets, focusing solely on their home countries and fostering parochial scientific communities. To assess this tension in graduate program curricula, we compiled an original dataset of comparative politics readings from 21 universities across nine Latin American countries. Our network analysis reveals a centralized structure influenced by mainstream readings, challenging the expectation of parochialism. In addition to the mainstream content, universities tend to incorporate readings from regional journals to facilitate cross-case comparisons. However, these materials are inconsistently shared, resulting in fragmentation of content from Latin American sources. Our findings contribute to and challenge the North Americanization versus parochialism debate, showing that future scholars receive similar mainstream training but encounter diverse regional materials during their PhD studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptualizing Mano Dura in Latin America 拉丁美洲的 Mano Dura 概念化
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.32
Sebastian Cutrona, Lucia Dammert, Jonathan D. Rosen
{"title":"Conceptualizing Mano Dura in Latin America","authors":"Sebastian Cutrona, Lucia Dammert, Jonathan D. Rosen","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.32","url":null,"abstract":"Latin American governments are increasingly adopting <jats:italic>mano dura</jats:italic> initiatives to combat gangs, organized crime, and insecurity. While <jats:italic>mano dura</jats:italic> has been a concept of increasing empirical interest, there seems to be limited conceptual clarity about the wide spectrum of strategies developed to combat crime and associated fear. This article proposes a definition of <jats:italic>mano dura</jats:italic> that has three different dimensions, each of them containing specific elements. The form of <jats:italic>mano dura</jats:italic> depends on formal, informal, and rhetorical practices. Drawing on 46 scholarly works in the social sciences, we develop our definition anchored in the knowledge of Latin American policing strategies, contributions on responses to crime in the region, and the conceptual development literature. With the purpose of supplementing our effort to standardize the usage of the term with the need to retain a degree of conceptual differentiation, we also offer a stylized model to better classify policing strategies in Latin America. In our stylized model, the numerous ways policies and narratives as well as their implementation (or not) interact can be grouped into four broad categories: <jats:italic>full mano dura</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>institutional mano dura</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>performative mano dura</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>covert mano dura</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Government formation in presidentialism: Disentangling the combined effects of pre-electoral coalitions and legislative polarization 总统制下的政府组建：厘清选前联盟和立法两极分化的综合影响
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.30
Lucas Couto
{"title":"Government formation in presidentialism: Disentangling the combined effects of pre-electoral coalitions and legislative polarization","authors":"Lucas Couto","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research has shed light on the impact of pre-electoral coalitions on government formation in presidential democracies. However, the fact that pre-electoral coalitions are not automatically transformed into coalition cabinets has often gone under the radar. In this article, I argue that the importance of pre-electoral pacts for government formation depends on the degree of legislative polarization. When parties are distant from one another in the ideological spectrum, presidents face more difficulties in breaking away from the pre-electoral pact and rearranging their multiparty alliances. Conversely, when polarization is not pervasive, presidents have more leeway to build coalition cabinets different from the ones prescribed by pre-electoral coalitions. Drawing on a dataset of 13 Latin American countries, the results support my claim and suggest that the relationship between government formation and the concession of office benefits for pre-electoral coalition members is more nuanced than previously assumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Participatory clientelism: A socio-spatial approach to popular politics in Buenos Aires 参与性客户主义：布宜诺斯艾利斯民众政治的社会空间方法
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.18
Sam Halvorsen, Sebastián Mauro
{"title":"Participatory clientelism: A socio-spatial approach to popular politics in Buenos Aires","authors":"Sam Halvorsen, Sebastián Mauro","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What is the relationship between clientelism and political participation in popular urban neighborhoods? This article addresses the question based on qualitative research in two popular neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, drawing on participant observation and interviews with residents, activists, and party brokers. Adding to a growing literature on “participatory clientelism,” we argue for greater attention to the urban context through which this unfolds. To date, research into participatory clientelism has predominantly considered specific practices—participatory innovations or contentious politics—and been limited to the survival of the urban poor and the demand for political support by party brokers. While these are crucial practices, they are not exhaustive of the relations that sustain participatory clientelism, particularly in contexts of territorialized politics. Based on the socio-spatial approach of Henri Lefebvre, influential in urban studies, we define three interconnected dimensions of participatory clientelism and identify them in the cases under study.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"475 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race, Inequality, and Political Trust in Latin America 拉丁美洲的种族、不平等和政治信任
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.29
Castellar Granados, Francisco Sánchez
{"title":"Race, Inequality, and Political Trust in Latin America","authors":"Castellar Granados, Francisco Sánchez","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the last decades, political distrust has seemingly become a common trend across Latin American democracies, however, differences in the levels of confidence among groups have also been identified. This article considers the potential effects of ethno-racial structures and their interactions with other forms of socioeconomic inequalities on political trust. Building on data from four waves of the Latinobarometer project and contextual measures from different sources, we analyze these relations and find that both socioeconomic and ethno-racial inequalities affect political trust and impact on the formation of different relations with the political system across Latin America. Furthermore, in particular it is found that at the individual-level interactions between inequalities shape political trust differently depending on the particular ethno-racial identification. These findings contribute to the understanding of ethnicity and race and its associations with other structural inequalities in shaping mass political culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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