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Latin America’s Polarization in Comparative Perspective 从比较角度看拉丁美洲的两极分化
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.17
Jennifer McCoy
{"title":"Latin America’s Polarization in Comparative Perspective","authors":"Jennifer McCoy","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.17","url":null,"abstract":"Political polarization is a systemic-level and multifaceted process that severs cross-cutting ties and shifts perceptions of politics to a zero-sum game. When it turns pernicious, political actors and supporters view opponents as an existential threat and the capacity of democratic institutions to process political conflict breaks down. The article identifies four common fault lines of polarization globally – who belongs, democracy, inequality and social contract. It argues that while Latin American countries experience, to varying degrees, all four of the fault lines, it is the deep-seated, persistent social hierarchies oriented around class, race, and place that stand out relative to other countries. Reaching consensus on reforms that may renew or reformulate agreements on the terms of the social contract, boundaries of community membership, and redressing social inequality is a tall task. Yet the region’s sustained consensus on the democratic rules of the game can provide the mechanisms for addressing this task if new majority coalitions can be formed.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disjointed Polarization in Chile’s Enduring Crisis of Representation 智利持久的代表权危机中脱节的两极分化
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.19
Juan Pablo Luna
{"title":"Disjointed Polarization in Chile’s Enduring Crisis of Representation","authors":"Juan Pablo Luna","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.19","url":null,"abstract":"This analytical essay proposes the notion of disjointed polarization to characterize the nature of polarization in contemporary Chile. In disjointed polarization, elite-level polarization does not lead to a successful electoral realignment. Disjointed polarization is thus consistent with a long-lasting crisis of representation in which a serial disconnect between politicians (pursuing different polarizing strategies) and a sizable fraction of the electorate persists, as voters remain alienated from old and emerging political elites. Because the structural changes that make disjointed polarization persist longer than expected in Chile today are widespread across Latin America, the essay speculates on the possibility that enduring disjointed polarization applies to other cases where neither a “populist realignment” nor “generative polarization” took place. Instead, disjointed polarization might reflect the onset of a new (non-partisan representation) normal.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Trends in Mass-Level Ideological Polarization in Latin America 拉丁美洲群众意识形态两极分化的最新趋势
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.13
Paolo Moncagatta, Pedro Silva
{"title":"Recent Trends in Mass-Level Ideological Polarization in Latin America","authors":"Paolo Moncagatta, Pedro Silva","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers an analysis of the changes in mass-level ideological polarization in Latin America. It provides a cross-national, region-wide assessment of polarization dynamics using survey data on left-right ideological identities. A novel indicator for measuring ideological polarization at the individual level is proposed, which is more compatible with theoretical conceptualizations of ideological polarization than other existing indicators. The indicator is applied to data from the AmericasBarometer surveys to measure degrees and changes in mass-level ideological polarization in 19 Latin American countries between 2006 and 2019. The study reveals a substantial process of mass-level ideological restructuring, accompanied by a region-wide increase in ideological polarization in Latin America taking place during the second decade of the twenty-first century. We also find that ideological polarization, albeit varying in intensity from country to country, is clearly present at the mass level in the majority of countries in the region.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anti-corruption Audits and Citizens’ Trust in Audit and Auditee Institutions 反腐败审计与公民对审计和被审计机构的信任
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.10
Letícia Barbabela
{"title":"Anti-corruption Audits and Citizens’ Trust in Audit and Auditee Institutions","authors":"Letícia Barbabela","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anticorruption audits may deter corruption and signal to citizens that institutions are proactively combating it. However, by detecting and reporting corruption, audits might also unintentionally erode trust in institutions. Therefore, the impact of audits potentially hinges on whether they uncover corruption. Audit institutions, not implicated in the corruption they uncover, might be less likely to experience a decline in trust compared to auditee institutions. This study uses survey and administrative data from Brazil, leveraging a federal anti-corruption program that randomly selects municipalities for auditing. Results do not support the claim that audits boost institutional trust. Individuals in audited municipalities show no different levels of trust in local government or the audit institution than those in non-audited municipalities, and the coefficients may even indicate a negative effect. Additionally, audit institutions may not be better insulated from the corrosive effects of uncovering corruption than the institutions they audit.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: The New Polarization in Latin America 导言：拉丁美洲新的两极分化
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.15
Rodolfo Sarsfield, Paolo Moncagatta, Kenneth M. Roberts
{"title":"Introduction: The New Polarization in Latin America","authors":"Rodolfo Sarsfield, Paolo Moncagatta, Kenneth M. Roberts","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mounting evidence suggests that Latin American democracies are characterized by politics and societies becoming more divisive, confrontational, and polarized. This process, which we define here as the “new polarization” in Latin America, seems to weaken the ability of democratic institutions to manage and resolve social and political conflicts. Although recent scholarship suggests that polarization is integral to contemporary patterns of democratic “backsliding” seen in much of the world, this new polarization in the region has not yet received systematic scholarly attention. Aiming to address this gap in the literature, the different contributions in this special issue revise the conceptualization, measurement, and theory of a multidimensional phenomenon such as polarization, including both its ideological and affective dimensions, as well as perspectives at the elite and mass levels of analysis. Findings shed light on the phenomenon of polarization as both a dependent and an independent variable, contributing to comparative literature on polarization and its relationship to democratic governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"11639 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategic Resources for Drug Trafficking Organizations and the Geography of Violence: Evidence from Mexico 贩毒组织的战略资源与暴力地理：墨西哥的证据
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.11
Martín Macías-Medellín, Aldo F. Ponce
{"title":"Strategic Resources for Drug Trafficking Organizations and the Geography of Violence: Evidence from Mexico","authors":"Martín Macías-Medellín, Aldo F. Ponce","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article helps understand why locations close to strategic infrastructure to transport illegal drugs (seaports, airports, highways, and US ports of entry along the Mexico-US border) or to increase income (pipelines) experience different levels of violence due to DTOs operations. Our theory breaks down the impact of the geographical distance to these facilities on violence into two effects. The first effect is produced by the level of (violent) competition among DTOs, measured by the number of DTOs employing violence. We report that greater proximity to the U.S. ports of entry along the Mexico-US border, ports, and airports furthers the number of competitors, and such increase boosts violence. The second effect shapes the intensity of competition among DTOs. Reductions in the costs of excluding competing DTOs from using the facility could trigger greater confrontation among DTOs. We confirm the importance of this second effect in relation to ports and the U.S. ports of entry along the Mexico-US border.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Populist Storytelling and Negative Affective Polarization: Social Media Evidence from Mexico 讲述民粹主义故事与消极情感极化：墨西哥社交媒体证据
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.7
Rodolfo Sarsfield, Zacarías Abuchanab
{"title":"Populist Storytelling and Negative Affective Polarization: Social Media Evidence from Mexico","authors":"Rodolfo Sarsfield, Zacarías Abuchanab","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ideational definition of populism proposes that a narrative is populist if it is characterized by a Manichean cosmology that divides the political community between a “people,” conceived as a homogeneously virtuous entity, and an “elite,” conceived as a homogeneously corrupt entity. Departing from that conceptualization, this work first investigates the specific stories that Andrés Manuel López Obrador uses to spread his populist worldview, which we call “storytelling.” We define the idea of storytelling as the art of telling a story where emotions, characters and other details are applied in order to promote a particular point of view or set of values. Second, we explore whether some of those stories produce greater negative affective polarization, here defined as the extent to which rival sociopolitical camps view each other as a disliked out-group. Findings suggest that some specific stories—in particular, what we call “stories of conspiracy” and “stories of ostracism”—indeed tend to induce more polarized attitudes among citizens.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140538954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shut Up! Governments’ Popular Support and Journalist Harassment: Evidence from Latin America 闭嘴！政府的民众支持与记者骚扰：拉丁美洲的证据
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.3
Claudio Balderacchi, Andrea Cassani, Luca Tomini
{"title":"Shut Up! Governments’ Popular Support and Journalist Harassment: Evidence from Latin America","authors":"Claudio Balderacchi, Andrea Cassani, Luca Tomini","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the past few decades, Latin American governments’ recurrent attacks against journalists have contributed to the erosion of press freedom in the region and, relatedly, of the quality of democracy. Yet what pushes governments to harass journalists? We argue that governments are more likely to harass journalists when popular support for them drops. Due to the ability of journalists to influence public opinion, governments could perceive the harassment of journalists as a means to punish and silence those individuals who are seen as contributing to their decline in public support or as obstacles to regaining popularity. We test our argument on a sample of Latin American countries observed from 1990 to 2019. We find that declines in governments’ popular support lead to more harassment of journalists. Our research contributes to the debate on the determinants of press freedom and sheds further light on the current decline of democratic quality in Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140162120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Didn’t Brazilian Democracy Die? 巴西民主为何没有消亡？
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2024.4
Marcus André Melo, Carlos Pereira
{"title":"Why Didn’t Brazilian Democracy Die?","authors":"Marcus André Melo, Carlos Pereira","doi":"10.1017/lap.2024.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brazil, for many scholars and pundits, showcased the risk of democratic breakdown with the election of a far-right populist like Jair Bolsonaro. Against pessimistic expectations, however, not only has Brazilian democracy survived but politics has returned to business as usual. What can explain this supposedly unanticipated outcome? This article provides an analytical assessment of this this puzzle and offers an alternative explanation. We argue that both the diagnoses of Brazilian institutions and the predictions made were misguided. We explore the role played by the Supreme Court, party system, media, and congressional politics in restricting Bolsonaro’s illiberal initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140162138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Latin American Parties Are Not Coming Back 拉美政党为何不再回归
IF 1.9 2区 社会学
Latin American Politics and Society Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1017/lap.2023.40
Omar Sánchez-Sibony
{"title":"Why Latin American Parties Are Not Coming Back","authors":"Omar Sánchez-Sibony","doi":"10.1017/lap.2023.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.40","url":null,"abstract":"This essay documents growing partisan social uprootedness across Latin America over time, manifested in diminishing social trust toward parties, debilitation of links between parties and social collectivities, lowering levels of partisanship, and rising incidence of personalism in the electorate. It focuses on some unrecognized and undertheorized causal factors behind partisan involution in the region, putting emphasis on mutually reinforcing processes. First, it identifies forces endogenous to the traits of origin of diminished parties that foster their uprootedness and decay; second, it lays out some of the manifold ways that the weakening of political parties fuels regime malperformance, in a mutually reinforcing vicious circle; third, it outlines the existence of mutual feedback loops between political agency and structure; fourth, it identifies various agential sources of party decay. There are strong theoretical and empirical reasons to expect continued party deinstitutionalization across Latin America going forward.","PeriodicalId":46899,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Politics and Society","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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