Floresta e Ambiente最新文献

{"title":"Salicylic Acid Increases Growth of Schinus terebinthifolia Seedlings Subjected to Varyng Irrigation Intervals","authors":"L. C. D. S. Saracho, N. M. Lima, C. C. Santos, S. P. Q. Scalon, M. C. Vieira","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) in Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to irrigation intervals. The experiment was performed by 78 days, under four irrigation intervals: 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, in combination with four concentrations SA: 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The irrigation was individually maintaining water retention capacity of 100%, under each irrigation intervals. The maximum height across the irrigation intervals was 24.74 cm at 7-days intervals, and 24.31 cm with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The largest leaf areas were 116.03 cm2 at 12-day interval and 123.71 cm2 with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The highest production of dry masses of leaves, stem and roots was without and 12-days intervals, both with 200 mg L-1 of SA. Exogenous application of 200 mg L-1 of SA contributed on increased growth in S. terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to 12-days irrigation interval.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87759766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Mahogany Plantation Highlights in Brazil","authors":"A. C. Ferraz Filho, A. Ribeiro, G. Bouka, Milton Frank Júnior, G. Terra","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and achieving sustainable forest resource management provides a fundamental contribution to reduce societies’ environmental impacts, and enhances the supply of forest products (FAO, 2019). In this sense, one genus that has gained interest among Brazilian foresters is Khaya, which contains all the species commonly known as African mahogany. This genus includes some of the highest-value timber species in African forests, which are under heavy exploitation pressure and listed as vulnerable by the IUCN (Pakull et al., 2019). African mahogany wood from native African forests is consolidated in the international timber trade, being employed for several high-end applications, such as furniture, sawnwood and veneers. While the majority of the commercially traded wood is originated from native African forests (ITTO, 2021), small scale use of wood from Brazilian plantations from few older plantations (circa 20 years old) as well as from thinning (circa 8 to 12 years old) have recently been applied with success for several uses, such as sawnwood, veneer faces, designer furniture and musical instruments (Ribeiro et al. 2019). According to Ribeiro et al. (2017), the history of African mahogany in Brazil began in the 70’s, when a researcher from Embrapa Amazônia Oriental received seeds from government officials from the Ivory Coast. These seeds were planted in Embrapa’s headquarters in Belém, Pará. Currently four of these trees still exist (from here on referred to as genotype trees), three of them individuals of excellent form and size. In the 90’s these trees began producing seeds, which were used to produce seedlings stock for new plantations, mainly in the North region. It was determined at this time that these trees belonged to the species K. ivorensis A. Chev. After these plantations started producing seeds, the plantation area of African mahogany expanded beyond the North to the other regions of Brazil, facilitated by the availability of seed lot and cloning techniques (e.g. Barroso et al., 2018) for seedling production. Although other African mahogany genetic material was imported from Africa during this time, the genotype trees and its descendants where the main provider of genetic material of most African mahogany plantations in Brazil, excluding K. senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. The fact that the genotype trees were incorrectly identified as K. ivorensis was raised in 2013, by comparing material from plantations with exemplars from the experimental plots of the Reserva Natural da Vale (RNV), located in the municipality of Abstract African mahogany is the common name of species from the Khaya genus and yields high value timber. It is planted in monocultures and agrosilvipastoral systems in Brazil since the 90’s. Here we relate the taxonomic identification of the most planted African mahogany species in Brazil, changing from Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. to K. grandifoliola C. DC. Currently we estimate there is circa 50 thousand hectares of plantat","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88077359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Substrates and Inoculants for Samanea Saman (Jacq.) Merr Seedling Production","authors":"G. W. Abaurre, Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior, S. M. Faria","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"39 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83543228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Substrates Formulated with Agro-Industrial Residues for Forest Species Seedling Production","authors":"Luciana Samuel Nhantumbo, M. M. Araújo, Maria Helena Fermino, S. C. Aimi, A. Griebeler","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0084","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate different container sizes and substrates formulated with agro-industrial residues to produce Handroanthus heptaphyllus and Schinus terebinthifolius seedlings. The experiment had a completely randomized design with four replications (48 seedlings each), in a factorial scheme (containers × substrates), with two containers (110 and 180 cm3) and ten substrates (agro-industrial residues (crushed peach pits and peel rice) mixed with organic compost). Carbonized and hydrolyzed rice husk (CRH and HRH, respectively) were used. At 90 and 108 days after the emergence of the S. terebinthifolius and H. heptaphyllus seedlings, the morphophysiological attributes were evaluated. Considering the attributes evaluated in this study, the 180 cm3 container promoted more significant seedling growth for both species. Substrates containing up to 20% CRH, HRH, or crushed peach pits (CPP) are indicated for S. terebinthifolius, and those with up to 30% CRH or 10% HRH or CPP are indicated for H. heptaphyllus.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86332071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edaphic Invertebrates as Indicators of Soil Integrity Quality","authors":"Milena Gedoz, E. Freitas, Vinícius Leão da Silva, L. Johann","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0069","url":null,"abstract":"Bioindicator organisms, such as edaphic invertebrates, are constantly used to assess disturbance, as they exhibit responses such as reduced community and changes in diversity, affecting the local ecosystem. The aim of this study was to compare the impacts of disturbance on the edaphic invertebrate community in both a pasture area and a native forest area, during summer and winter. Samplings were conducted for nine days using pitfalls. Bray-Curtis analyses, NMDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER were applied. There was difference in richness and diversity between areas and seasons. Native forest pitfalls had higher similarity in abundance and diversity in both seasons than pasture pitfalls. Specimens belonging to 20 orders were collected; of those, Collembola, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera had the highest number of individuals. Seasonal influence on the organisms was evident. The impact on edaphic invertebrate community located in the pasture area showed that native forest has higher complexity and structural stability.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86771142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflorescence Position Influences Phenological Rhythms in Leguminosae Species","authors":"Alexsandro Bezerra‐Silva, Adelly Cardoso de Araujo Fagundes, Maria Thereza Dantas Gomes, Isiara Silva Menezes, Ana Paula Lima do Couto-Santos, C. O. Cerqueira, L. A. P. Miranda, L. S. Funch","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0073","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case study focusing on the influence of inflorescence position on the relationships between foliar and reproductive phases, focusing on three Leguminoseae tree species in the Chapada Diamantina, Brazil. Both Senna multijuga and Copaifera langsdorffii produce terminal panicles and showed vegetative and reproductive phenophases that were correlated but segregated in time, with the marked concentration of reproductive data. The presence of axillary inflorescences on Inga cayennensis enables the simultaneous production of both flowers and leaves, without the segregation or the correlation of those phases, with a uniform distribution of reproductive data. This study encourages further investigations regarding the effects of inflorescence position on plant phenology.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86736247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Pits in Corymbia Citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) Wood Permeability","authors":"T. Monteiro, J. Lima, Raul de Abreu Neto, C. A. Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the biometrics of vessel-ray pits (RVP) and intervessel pits (IVP) with the water flow in different axes of Corymbia citriodora wood. C. citriodora wood specimens were used to correlate RVP and IVP dimensions with free water (FWFR), adsorbed (AWFR) and total (TWFR) flow. Correlations were made for three wood axes. Larger diameters of RVP facilitated FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial and tangential axis, however reduced permeability in radial direction of wood. Larger openings of IVPs reduced FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial axis of wood. Larger IVPs openings allowed higher FWFR and TWFR in wood radial and tangential directions, however, concomitantly reduced AWR. Effect of diameter of RVP and IVP on wood permeability should be evaluated for each axis. Thus, the opening of the C. citriodora wood pits can interfere in its permeability and consequently in its processing. pits affected the permeability to the wood liquid. Consequently, these results are related to the drying of lumber, logs and chips, as well as being important in the impregnation with chemical reagents for the wood preservation and pulp.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and costs of harvester cutting of teak trees for thinning","authors":"Fidel Cándano Acosta, Igor Martins Silva, M. L. Garcia, R. R. Melo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out in a teak plantation in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate technical and economic indicators of the cutting and processing of trees with a track harvester. Twenty complete work shifts were evaluated using direct thinning to determine operational cycle times. Other information was also recorded for the calculation of production costs. The second thinning was performed at 12 years, with a volume of 0.1648 m3/tree, and the third thinning at 18 years with 0.3408 m3/tree. The main finding was an increase in productivity and decrease in production costs with rising tree volumes. For each hour of effective work, 53 trees were cut (339 trees/day), and processed into 1,047 logs. The decrease in the cost of cutting and processing trees in proportion to the increase in the average volume of trees to be extracted was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83692207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Ecology of Soil Fauna Under Periodically Flooded Forest and Anthropic Fields","authors":"Raíssa Nascimento dos Santos, Wilbert Valkinir Cabreira, M. G. Pereira, Rodrigo Camara de Souza, Sandra Santana de Lima, Marco Aurelio Passos Louzada, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Silva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the ecology of soil invertebrate faunal communities in periodically flooded forest (CF) fragments and anthropic fields (AF) in the Atlantic Forest. The sampling occurred in the rainy and dry seasons using pitfall traps. We estimated the total activity, richness, diversity, and evenness as well as the activity of the taxonomic and functional groups. Total activity and richness varied as a function of seasonality. Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona were the most representative taxonomic groups. Enchytraeidae and Blattaria were exclusive to CF. Auchenorrhyncha, Chilopoda, Heteroptera, and Thysanoptera were exclusive to AF. The functional group of microphagous/saprophagous (M/S) showed the highest activity, independent of the environment and season. Greater dissimilarity was observed among the invertebrate fauna in AF when compared to CF. Periodically flooded areas favored groups from the saprophagous trophic guild, while AF areas favored predator and herbivore groups. Soil fauna present in forest environments presented less seasonal variability.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87257338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size, Ecology, and Seasonality Affect the Monthly Diametric Growth of Trees in a Secondary Forest","authors":"Ingrid Raphaela Cromwell Pereira, Vítor Morais, Fabiano Emmert, R. G. M. Nascimento","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to evaluate the monthly growth rate of 100 trees spread in different diametric classes and ecological groups of a secondary forest in the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, Pará, Brazil. These were selected randomly from 30 permanent plots and classified into 5 diametrical classes and separated into two ecological groups: Pioneers and Non-Pioneers. The monthly periodic increment (MPI) in diameter was measured for 11 months by means of diametric bands using digital calipers. The MPI means were evaluated by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s mean comparison test. Individuals from both ecological groups had similar increments in the DBH IV diameter class and different in the others. There were mean increments in the diametric classes that did not differ within the ecological groups. The trees analyzed differed in the diametric growth rate according to the diametric classes, ecological groups and the month of analysis.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88607940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}