Floresta e Ambiente最新文献

{"title":"The Dynamics of Macro- and Micronutrients in Native Tree Species Affected by Copper Contamination","authors":"M. C. Siqueira, S. Kanashiro, M. Domingos, M. Rinaldi, A. Tavares","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0036","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the physicochemical characteristics of urban forest soil contaminated by copper and the dynamics of macroand micronutrients uptake by Schinus terebinthifolia and Eugenia uniflora seedlings. The seedlings received 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1 soil applied to urban forest soil within São Paulo City, Brazil. Our results showed that K was reduced in Cu-contaminated soil used for S. terebinthifolia cultivation and that organic matter was higher in Cucontaminated soil used for E. uniflora cultivation. Other physicochemical properties of soil remained unaltered. S. terebinthifolia presented nutritional imbalances in N, K and Mg on leaves, while E. uniflora presented nutritional imbalances in K on leaves and in S on roots. It can be concluded that copper contamination can negatively affect chemical and nutritional characteristics of urban forest soil, as well as the nutritional dynamics of S. terebinthifolia and E. uniflora.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76542522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edge Effects on Successional Dynamics of Forest Fragments in the Brazilian Cerrado","authors":"Firmino Cardoso Pereira, F. Guilherme, B. Marimon","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative studies of tree dynamics can be useful for the conservation of forest fragments in the Cerrado. We tested if the successional dynamics in fragments of semideciduous forest (SF) and cerradão (CE) are influenced by edge effects (EE). Two surveys were carried out with plots allocation in both physiognomies, from the edge towards the interior of the fragments. All trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 5cm were measured, identified and classified (ecological groups). Both physiognomies showed high recruitment and mortality rates when compared with other forests in Cerrado. We found an EE on tree density (SF), and on mortality, total basal area and basal area of dead (CE), although do not so notorious on a short-term scale. Probably because EE did not influence the ecological groups and canopy cover. Our results suggest that the forest fragmentation can act as a disturbance agent, causing changes in the tree dynamics of the Cerrado forests.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75291870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuation of Carbon Sequestration and Storage Ecosystem Services in a Tropical Moist Forest of Chocó, Colombia","authors":"V. E. Mena-Mosquera, H. J. Andrade","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0088","url":null,"abstract":"The payment value for the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration and storage in forests and agroforestry systems with cacao (AFS-cacao) from the sub-basin of river Munguidó, Quibdó, Colombia was estimated. The productive activities of highest economic importance (cane, pineapple, plantain, cassava, AFS-cacao, and timber harvesting) were selected, and their financial profit was assessed: net present value (NPV), cost-benefit ratio (B/C), and the internal rate of return (IRR). The payment value for the service was estimated considering the profitability of productive activities and carbon sequestration rate. Minimum and maximum values to pay for reduction of carbon emissions in primary forests, and for carbon sequestration in secondary forests and AFS-cacao are between 4 and 27; 5 and 37; and 9 and 63 U$/Mg CO2e, respectively.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87469367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying Phytochemical Features of Three Asteraceae Herbs Growing Wild in Kazakhstan","authors":"Zh. B. Ashirova, Z. Kuzhantaeva, Z. Abdrassulova, G. Shaimerdenova, G. Atanbaeva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0060","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical features of medicinal species of the Asteraceae family, their mineral elements, antioxidants, vitamins, and amino acids. The species studied included common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), and German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) collected in the Ile Alatau Mountain (Trans-Ili Alatau), Kazakhstan. The plants were harvested in July 2019-July 2020 during their flowering. The article’s scientific novelty lies in the conceptual research of phytochemical and morphological features of medicinal species with a maximum content of biologically active substances and high antioxidant activity, which can be a basis for creating innovative functional food products enriched with natural antioxidants. The article describes a new idea to display a very high concentration and diversity of vitamins (8 types), mineral elements (8 types), antioxidants, and amino acids (13 types) in the flowers of C. intybus L., Ch. recutita L., A. millefolium L.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82056925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Energy Distribution Systems and Urban Afforestation in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte","authors":"R. M. Braga, F. D. A. Braga, N. Venturin, Marina Moura de Souza","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0044","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Lavras, MG, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal, MG, Brasil. 3Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Abstract Urban growth promotes changes in the environment and in the quality of life. Urban afforestation enables environmental services. But afforestation requires planning and maintenance to avoid conflicts with other urban equipment. The objective of this work was to analyze the interaction between urban afforestation and energy distribution systems in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. The state-owned energy concessionaire’s database was used, seeking to analyze the relationship between the history of outages in energy supply and the environmental factors associated with the fact, in the period between 2010 and 2015. It was found that the most relevant factors were the type of electrical energy distribution system (bare or isolated) and the maintenance (pruning) of the trees. The size of the tree and the strength of the wood are decisive in defining the demand for maintenance pruning to ensure a harmonious relationship between the trees and the electrical energy distribution system.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertilization with Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Affects Composition of Araucaria angustifolia Needles, Branches and Stem","authors":"V. Constantino, A. V. Motta, J. Z. Barbosa, E. Araújo, Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira, F. Zanette","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0115","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 3Centro Universitário Ingá, Departamento de Agronomia, Maringá, PR, Brasil. Abstract Fertilization can be a sustainable management practice for the maintenance of the threatened species such as Araucaria angustifolia. Our objective was to evaluate the elemental composition of A. angustifolia fertilized with N, P, and K, and how the fertilization altered the soil fertility. Seven-month-old seedlings were transplanted to 16 dm3 soil pots, and three experiments were carried separately (one for each cited element) in a completely randomized design. Overall, the seedlings tended to accumulate nutrients differently among the compartments in the following order: needles > branches > stem. Application of N reduced the soil pH, boosted Mn concentration in more 10 times, decreased the P uptake, and changed the C:N and C:P ratios. Increased doses of P led to higher uptake rates but promoted a reduction in the absorption of Mg. High rates of K diminished of P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B, confirming antagonism interaction with Ca and Mg.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90258335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Size Classification on Physical and Physiological Quality Aimed at Pelletizing Seeds of Eucalyptus Species","authors":"T. S. Jeromini, G. Silva, C. C. Martins","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0092","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to verify the effect of size classification on the physical and physiological quality of Eucalyptus spp. seeds to optimize the selection for covering. The seeds were separated in sieves with six size classes: 850, 710, 600, 500, 425 μm, and a non-perforated bottom (< 425 μm). Were evaluated the sieve retention, purity, weight of a thousand seeds, germination, and first count of germination. Sieve classification is effective for the separation of materials according to the best physical and physiological qualities. E. grandis seeds from the 710 μm sieve, E. robusta from the 850 μm sieve, and E. urophylla from the 710 and 850 μm sieves can be selected for covering, as they present maximum physical and physiological quality. For the three species, the smallest materials, retained in the 500, 425, and bottom <425μm sieves, must be discarded due to low purity and germination potential.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled-release Fertilizer in Cordyline spectabilis Seedlings Production, a Potential Species of the Asparagaceae Family","authors":"Daniele Cristina Pereira de Matos, F. C. Félix, Mônica Moreno Gabira, N. S. D. Aguiar, L. S. Walter, Alexandre Dal Forno Mastella, D. Kratz","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0047","url":null,"abstract":"The success of seedlings establishment for commercial planting and forest restoration depends on the availability of nutrients during seedlings production. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency in controlled-release fertilizer use in Cordyline spectabilis seedlings production and what is the additional cost per seedling produced. Seedling production was performed with doses of 0.0 (control); 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0 and 12.5 kg m-3 of Basacote® Plus 9M (16-08-12) controlled-release fertilizer added to the substrate. The experiment was placed in a greenhouse and we evaluated morphological parameters to determine seedlings growth. The dose of 10.7 kg m-3 provided a greater number of leaves (11.4) and leaf length (24.9 cm), higher values of shoot (4.64 g), root (2.32 g) and shoot root ratio (1.99) were obtained above 10.7 kg m-3 fertilizer. We recommend the use of 10.7 kg m-3 controlled-release fertilizer for seedlings production with an increase of R$ 0.05 per seedling produced.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"48 84","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72538942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residence Time and Release of Carbon and Nitrogen from Litter in Caatinga","authors":"Aghata Maria de Oliveira Silva, F. J. Freire, M. D. Barbosa, R. Ferreira, M. B. G. S. Freire, M. I. O. D. Silva, C. Borges, Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0053","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate decomposition and release of C and of N from the litter of forest Caatinga species in the humification phase, as well as to estimate the residence time of C and N. Litter decomposition of the species was evaluated in 2014/2015 in the municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil, using a method of the litter bags at 270; 300; 330; and 360 day. Litter from species of the Fabaceae family presented different decomposition groups, suggesting that decomposition was more influenced by the C/N ratio than N concentration only. The N release was 6.25% greater than the release of C. C will remain in the litter for more time, while N will be almost totally released in approximately 1.14 years. The species litter decomposition were shared, suggesting that the nutrients cycling is fundamental in the preservation of the Caatinga, mainly due to the longer residence time of C.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87821253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First report of Nigrospora sphaerica Associated with Heliocarpus americanus Seeds in Brazil","authors":"C. Bernardi, C. Busso, R. C. Borin, S. Mazaro, Roberto Sadao Sinabucro Saburo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Heliocarpus americanus is a fast-growing native tree, excellent for recovering degraded areas and its wood can be used as firewood or in the production of charcoal. For its use it is necessary identify the fungus will cause diseases. This work aimed to make the first report of the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. The fungus was detected in a batch of seeds collected from the native species. The fungus were analyzed by the Blotter test. Then, the fungus was isolated from the seeds and it characterized by morphology of colony and conidia and, molecular tests, what confirmed the identity of the pathogen. To conclude the study, the Koch’s postulates test was performed, where it was observed its transmission of seeds to H. americanus seedlings, elucidating the fungal damage in the seeds and later seedlings of this species. Keyworks: seeds forest, seeds phatolology, forest physiology 1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L. is a dioecious native plant that is considered an excellent species for recovering degraded areas because of its rapid growth and economic value in producing wood that can be used as firewood and for charcoal production (Lorenzi, 1992). Thus, this species is a good option for cultivation. To produce healthy and good quality seedlings of this species, seeds with good physiological and sanitary properties should be used. Phytopathogenic fungi are the primary cause of diseases in plant species in forests and nurseries, and many of these fungi remain unidentified, making them difficult to control. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. In March 2017, seeds were collected directly from the native trees in Engenheiro Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil (23°47’49”S; 52°16’08”W). Sanitary quality surveys of the seeds (Silva et al., 2016) revealed that 40% of the samples had a fungal infection (Figure 1A). This incidence is significant given the risk of transporting phytopathogens associated with the seeds, which represents a mechanism for the spread of pathogens both locally and to new areas. The infected seeds were surface disinfected in 0.5% NaClO solution for 1 minute and then washed three times in sterile water. Subsequently, the seeds were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 24 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The fungi were recovered on the 7th day of incubation. The fungal colonies exhibited filamentous black coloration, a flat raised surface, and filiform borders (Figure 1B). After 10 days of mycelial growth, black, spherical, and unicellular conidia with an average diameter of 18.7 μm (range, 15.5–22 μm) were identified under an optical microscope (Figure 1C). The conidia were present on the hyaline vesicles locat","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75939113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}