Floresta e Ambiente最新文献

{"title":"The First report of Nigrospora sphaerica Associated with Heliocarpus americanus Seeds in Brazil","authors":"C. Bernardi, C. Busso, R. C. Borin, S. Mazaro, Roberto Sadao Sinabucro Saburo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0103","url":null,"abstract":"Heliocarpus americanus is a fast-growing native tree, excellent for recovering degraded areas and its wood can be used as firewood or in the production of charcoal. For its use it is necessary identify the fungus will cause diseases. This work aimed to make the first report of the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. The fungus was detected in a batch of seeds collected from the native species. The fungus were analyzed by the Blotter test. Then, the fungus was isolated from the seeds and it characterized by morphology of colony and conidia and, molecular tests, what confirmed the identity of the pathogen. To conclude the study, the Koch’s postulates test was performed, where it was observed its transmission of seeds to H. americanus seedlings, elucidating the fungal damage in the seeds and later seedlings of this species. Keyworks: seeds forest, seeds phatolology, forest physiology 1Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil 2Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFP), Agronomia, Toledo, PR, Brasil Heliocarpus americanus L. is a dioecious native plant that is considered an excellent species for recovering degraded areas because of its rapid growth and economic value in producing wood that can be used as firewood and for charcoal production (Lorenzi, 1992). Thus, this species is a good option for cultivation. To produce healthy and good quality seedlings of this species, seeds with good physiological and sanitary properties should be used. Phytopathogenic fungi are the primary cause of diseases in plant species in forests and nurseries, and many of these fungi remain unidentified, making them difficult to control. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica in seeds of H. americanus in Brazil. In March 2017, seeds were collected directly from the native trees in Engenheiro Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil (23°47’49”S; 52°16’08”W). Sanitary quality surveys of the seeds (Silva et al., 2016) revealed that 40% of the samples had a fungal infection (Figure 1A). This incidence is significant given the risk of transporting phytopathogens associated with the seeds, which represents a mechanism for the spread of pathogens both locally and to new areas. The infected seeds were surface disinfected in 0.5% NaClO solution for 1 minute and then washed three times in sterile water. Subsequently, the seeds were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 24 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The fungi were recovered on the 7th day of incubation. The fungal colonies exhibited filamentous black coloration, a flat raised surface, and filiform borders (Figure 1B). After 10 days of mycelial growth, black, spherical, and unicellular conidia with an average diameter of 18.7 μm (range, 15.5–22 μm) were identified under an optical microscope (Figure 1C). The conidia were present on the hyaline vesicles locat","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75939113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Homogenization of two Different Natural Ecosystems by Conversion to Pasture in the Southern Espinhaço, Brazil","authors":"N. Salomão, G. Fernandes, R. Pereira, D. Mucida, L. Silva, A. P. D. Gonzaga, E. Machado","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2019-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Fragmentation of natural areas alters the natural landscape, removing native vegetation and creating an anthropic matrix. In order to better understand the consequences of grazing in areas of campo rupestre and forest, the present study aimed to analyze changes in the vegetation of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, in the Southern Espinhaço, between 1979 and 2015. The vegetation of the study area was identified as arboreal (forest), or herbaceous or shrubby (campo rupestre) by visual classification of a mosaic of aerial photographs from 1979 and the supervised classification of land use from a Landsat 8 image from 2015. Differences in vegetation were analyzed using a transition matrix based on the “Markov model”, which indicated conversions of vegetation classes due to the misuse of land, mainly as pasture. The results indicate the conversion of arboreal vegetation area into areas of exotic herbaceous vegetation, and stability in the area of shrubby vegetation.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81730457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diameter Structure, Spatial Pattern, and Management Scenarios of Acapu Trees: A Case Study","authors":"D. Souza, L. S. Ferrari, Vinicius Morais Coutinho, J. Santos, Sylvio Péllico Netto, C. Sanquetta, A. P. D. Corte","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0023","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the spatial distribution of population data and diameter classes and modeled the diameter structure of Vouacapoua americana Aubl. (Acapu) trees in a community forest management area. A forest census of trees with diameters ≥ 33 cm was carried out in the 2015 Annual Production Unit (APU-2015). Ripley’s univariate K function and the global Moran’s index were used to describe spatial autocorrelation. Three harvest intensities (50, 70, and 80%) were simulated for the potential trees. The Weibull (3P) function provided the best performance to describe the diameter distribution of the original tree population, as well as in the harvested 50 and 70% intensities. In general, the spatial pattern of V. americana was aggregated. However, other natural factors, as population size, dynamics, geographic distribution, should be used as indicators for forest management and conservation of the specie.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84582898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative Propagation of Amazonian Indigenous Species for Restoration Practices Over a Riverscape Floodplain Disturbed by Silting","authors":"R. Felix, F. Pereira, M. Bevilacqua, Daniel Basílio Zandonadi, R. Bozelli, M. P. Figueiredo‐Barros","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0071","url":null,"abstract":"The use of native species’ stem cuttings in riparian forests disturbed by silting could be a promising low-tech alternative for restoration practitioners in riverscape rehabilitation. In this study, we evaluated the vegetative propagation of Amazonian native plants (Buchenavia parviflora, Euterpe oleracea, Ficus insipida and Socratea exorrhiza) with the addition of a bio-fertilizer, and humic and fulvic acids in soil disturbed by human-induced silting. We found that F. insipida and B. parviflora were able to grow and showed high survival percentage with the development of leaves, buds, and roots; even in nutrient deficient and clayey soils. We also found that the frequency of application and the concentration of the organic additives did not show significant influence on plants’ development. Thus, advance in situ tests with both species could be an interesting step to contribute to riverine ecosystems restoration practices.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80890058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of Restoration Trajectory of a Community of Regenerant Plants: Natural Regeneration or Tree Seedling?","authors":"E. Viveiros, B. S. Francisco, A. López, F. Piña-Rodrigues, J. M. S. Silva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0082","url":null,"abstract":"Tree plantation is the most used technique for ecological restoration, although passive restoration requires a lower investment of resources. This research aimed to compare the composition and structure of the community of regenerant plants in areas under restoration through Assisted Natural Regeneration and mixed native Tree Planting, in the same area. We randomly placed 12 plots of 100 m2 each and sampled all the regenerating individuals found within them. We compared both restoration methods regarding growth pattern, dispersal syndromes, and successional groups. In both methodologies, trees and shrubs were the most abundant growth forms. The pioneer successional class was the most abundant in number of individuals for both treatments. We concluded that the two restoration methods allowed the regeneration of native species. We propose that Assisted Natural Regeneration is a viable restoration strategy, capable of boosting the initial processes of the community, especially in a matrix surrounded by remaining forests.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83261448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Height Above the Nearest Drainage to Predict Flooding Areas in São Luiz do Paraitinga, São Paulo","authors":"Ewerton Danilo Souza Santos, H. Pinheiro, Humberto Gallo Junior","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Natural events associated to environmental disasters has increased with climate changes. Understanding the watershed behavior allows the managers to execute an efficient land use planning. By using as a study area the municipality of São Luiz do Paraitinga, the study’s goal was apply the Height Above the Nearest Drainage Model, which allows categorizing areas based on simulations of water level variations, to evaluate flooding risks at the municipality. The data were processed using ArcGIS Desktop v. 10.3, System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis and TerraHidro. The flood susceptibility map was generated with spatial resolution of 30 m. It was simulated water level variations of 7, 9, 12 and 15 meters and, according to the model, areas with high or very high flood susceptibility cover approximately 13% of the study area (81 km2). In general, the methods used afforded coherent results given the resolution of source data and available information.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84759696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eucalyptus globulus bark valorization: Production of fibers by Neutral Sulphite Semi-Chemical Process for Liner Paper Manufacture","authors":"A. Andrade, Orlando Espinoza Herrera, Pablo Reyes-Contreras, M. Pereira, Francisco Vásquez-Garay","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus globulus is the second most important economic forest species in Chile. Its main use is in the kraft pulp industry, where large amounts of bark waste are generated. Due to its fibrous characteristics, E. globulus bark is proposed as an alternative source of fibres for papermaking. This study focuses on obtaining fibres for liner paper manufacture. A neutral sulphite semi-chemical (NSSC) process was performed, varying the sodium sulphite (5% to 16%) and the sodium carbonate (2% and 4%) concentrations using two reaction temperatures (160°C and 170°C). The NSSC process at 170°C, 16% of sulphite, and 2% of sodium carbonate proved to be the best condition to obtain higher mechanical performance of papers. As the pulping conditions become more drastic, the yield drops, and the physicomechanical properties of paper increases. Results showed that pulps from E. globulus bark could turn into source of fibres for papermaking and other related products.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75312384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chemical Composition and Pyrolysis Process Variables on Biochar Yields: Correlation and Principal Component Analysis","authors":"R. Batista, M. M. Gomes","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a systematic review, 19 case studies were selected, focusing on the production of biochar through pyrolysis of five lignocellulosic biomasses (olive husk, beech wood, corncob, spruce wood, and hazelnut shell), under constant pressure (0.1 MPa) and temperature from 650.2 to 973.0 K. Interactions between process variables (temperature, residence time of the vapor phase and heating rate), biomass chemical composition variables (lignin, holocellulose, ash, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen content) and biochar yield-CY were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation matrix and Principal Component Analysis-PCA. Strong correlations (|r| ≥0.75, p<0.05) were found for lignin and CY (0.78); carbon and CY (0.76); nitrogen and CY (0.77). Three variables of biomass chemical composition were the most important ones for the first principal component-PC1; process variables (heating rate and the vapour residence time) were the most important ones for the second principal component-PC2. Experiments with hazelnut shell as feedstock were associated with higher CY.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77361728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality and the Relationships Between Reproductive and Leaf Phenophases In Myrtaceae Using Field and Herbarium Data","authors":"J. Orellana, Jociene Oliveira Vitória Nascimento, Jorge Grilo, S. P. S. Neves, L. A. P. Miranda, L. S. Funch","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0035","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Abstract Phenological studies are considerably complemented through field data and herbarium collection databases. We examined the seasonality and relationships between leafing and reproductive phenophases using field observations and herbarium data of Campomanesia eugenioides var. desertorum, Eugenia punicifolia, and Psidium schenckianum, all native species of Myrtaceae. Field observations were performed in a caatinga remnant in Bahia State, Brazil; HUEFS herbarium collections were examined. In general, all species showed seasonal reproductive phases and aseasonal leaf phases, and Spearman correlations were observed between those phases. Field observations and herbarium collections were similar and complementary, providing clues about seasonality and the relationship between leaf and reproductive phases of Myrtaceae species.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82695057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative Propagation of Schizachyrium tenerum (Poaceae) Under Different Substrates and Environments","authors":"Letícia Sena, T. O. Bahia, G. Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0051","url":null,"abstract":"The Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome suffers intense degradation due to several anthropic activities and its recovery is extremely important for the restoration of environmental quality. Therefore, the present study tested the survival and growth of seedlings of the grass Schizachyrium tenerum produced by the division of clumps. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using Reddish Oxisol, dystrophic of “cerrado sensu stricto” and Litholic Neosol dystrophic of quartzitic rupestrian grassland with and without the addition of limestone and NPK. Survival of S. tenerum was also compared between being grown in a greenhouse and directly in the field in full sun. Seedlings of S. tenerum had greater survival, total growth, number of tillers and accumulation of biomass when cultivated in Reddish Oxisol and Reddish Oxisol with limestone added than in the other treatments. Seedling survival was three times greater when grown in a greenhouse than in full sun.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89506633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}