Floresta e Ambiente最新文献

{"title":"Dormancy Breaking and the Influence of Temperature, Substrate and Light on Germination of Colubrina glandulosa Seeds","authors":"Y. Lopes, L. F. C. Chaves, F.B.F. Souza, J. W. D. L. Pereira, R. R. C. Carvalho, J. L. S. C. Carvalho Filho","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0049","url":null,"abstract":"The subjugation of global ecosystems by human beings has increased the rates of extinction, threatening not just the well-being of people, but also affecting the natural ecosystems services (Johnson et al., 2017). In Brazil, several forest ecosystems are degraded as a result from the anthropic activities. For this reason, restoring and expanding these environments turned into an important task, which is beneficial for biodiversity, climate, water quality, as well as for providing other ecosystem services (Bright et al., 2017; Houghton & Nassikas, 2018). Due to the forest restoration expansion and the increasing demand for seedlings production, studies focused on the ecophysiology of seed germination in native forest species are on the rise due to their environmental and economic potential use. Moreover, it contributes to the rational exploitation and use of these species (Rodrigues Filho et al., 2019; Santos et al., 2019; Oliveira et al., 2020a). Among the species that may be used on forest restoration is Colubrina glandulosa Perkins (Rhamnaceae). This native species is a pioneer that occurs from the eastern coast of Brazil to Paraguay and Peru. It grows quickly, facilitating the establishment of other species that require shading areas, thus being important for the ecological succession. In addition, it has a huge using potential in carbon compensation projects and its seeds present physical dormancy, which allows them to remain inactive in the seed bank, an important strategy for the population dynamics (Silva et al., 2015; Marcos Filho, 2015; Camara et al., 2017; Morais Júnior et al., 2018; Melo Júnior et al., 2018). However, there is no methodology available in the Rules for Seed Analysis (Brasil, 2009) that determines procedures to be applied for germination tests in this species (Melo Júnior et al., 2018). Abstract This study aimed to define a methodology that, when combined with temperature, can overcome the dormancy and also to determine the adequate substrate and light conditions for germination of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins, contributing to seed analysis and restoration projects. In the experiment of dormancy and temperature, seeds were immersed in sulfuric acid for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes and set to germinate at temperatures of 20-30 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C. The used substrates were sand, vermiculite, Tropstrato® substrate, coconut powder, blotting paper and paper towel. As for the light supplied, the seeds were subjected to four luminosity regimes: white light, far-red light, red light and light absence. Temperatures of 20-30 °C and 30 °C achieved better results, with exposure in sulfuric acid for 120 and 150 minutes. The substrates sand and vermiculite were the most suitable. The species germinated in all light regimes treatments used.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nutrient Deprivation on the Growth and Development of Tabebuia rosea Seedlings","authors":"Maria Isabel Higuita Aguirre, J. D. L. Peláez, N. Osorio, G. Correa","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0112","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Restauración Ecológica de Tierras Degradadas en el Trópico, Medellín, Colombia 3Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Faculdad de Ciencias, Medellín, Colombia 4Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Medellín, Colombia Abstract Tabebuia rosea is a native tropical tree species with high potential of implementation in commercial reforestation and ecological restoration. We studied the effect of the suppression of essential nutrients on the growth of T. rosea in the nursery. The design was completely randomized with ten treatments: one that included full fertilization, another without fertilization, and the others with the suppression of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and cationic microelements. Biometric variables (height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and functional traits (leaf area and relative growth rate) were evaluated. Phosphorus was the most limiting element. On the contrary, the suppression of Ca generated plants with growth and development similar to those of the FF treatment. Our results confirmed the importance of knowing the particular nutritional needs of individual species, which is to support nursery fertilization practices that produce highly vigorous and quality plants.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen Spectrum of Honey from the Bee Melipona subnitida Ducke (1910) in Restinga in Maranhão State","authors":"Maira Rodrigues Diniz, Albeane Guimarães Silva, L. Carreira, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr., M. Rêgo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0068","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to analyze the honey of Melipona subnitida to identify the plants visited by these bees in colonies installed in a restinga vegetation in Maranhão state. Honey was collected monthly from July/2017 to June/2018. The honey samples were submitted to the acetolysis method and the pollen grains were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The pollen analysis of honey resulted in 54 pollen types and 26 families. The largest pollen variety was registered in Fabaceae. Quantitative analyzes of pollen grains in honey samples revealed that three were monofloral, in July/2017 with Avicennia germinans honey and December/2017 and January/2018 with Copaifera martii honey. In the other months, the heterofloral honeys. Melipona subnitida proved to be general in food gathering. Knowing the flora used by M. subnita contributes to the meliponiculturists to improve the handling of the colonies, the increase and quality in the production of honey.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Slow Release Fertilizers in The Production of Eucalyptus Grandis Seedlings","authors":"Fernanda Leite Cunha, E. Nieri, L. A. Melo, Evandro Nunes Miranda, T. J. Fernandes, Nelson Venturin","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization in the seedling production phase is essential to form quality seedlings. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate doses of two slow-release fertilizers (SRF1 and SRF2) and their nutrient leaching behavior. For this, five different doses of fertilizers were tested. 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kg m-3. The height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root system dry mass, total dry mass, and the Dickson Quality Index were measured, and for each variable the maximum dose of technical efficiency was determined. In addition, was evaluated the electrical conductivity, over time, for determinate the leaching of the nutrients. All the variables had satisfactory growth for field planting. However, the SRF2 resulted in greater seedling growth and also experienced less nutrient loss by leaching, when compared with the SRF1. The both fertilizers could be utilized to seedlings production, at doses of 4.00 kg m-3.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80339987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of Annual Phenological Intensity to the Production of Tannins in Sideroxylon obtusifolium in Brazilian Semi-arid","authors":"Azenate Campos Gomes, F. Andrade, A. V. D. Lacerda, R. O. Macêdo","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"The correlation between biological and ecological parameters is essential for the sustainable use of species. This study aimed to assess the relationship between phenological intensity and tannin production in Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn. in environments with different precipitation regimes. The tannin production and phenological characterization were assessed through the intensity and synchrony of leaves, flower buds, flowers, and fruits in specimens from two microregions of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. The specimens in the municipality of Sumé were not synchronous and fruiting is the least synchronous phenophase, with an index of only 0.17. The specimens in São João do Cariri had synchronization of 0.77, 0.82, and 0.92 for flower bud, flowering, and fruiting phenophases, respectively. The correlation and factorial clustering showed that fruiting has a correlation of -0.75 with the production of tannins, suggesting that low intensity of annual fruiting is necessary for higher tannin production.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient Reduction in the Initial Growth of Caatinga Tree Species","authors":"Flávio Sarmento de Oliveira, Josinaldo Lopes Araújo Rocha, J. D. M. Alves, L. C. D. Santos, E. F. Mesquita","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2021-0044","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrient omission on the growth and phytomass production of three tree species native to the Caatinga biome cultivated in degraded Chromic Luvisol samples, under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were conducted from april to june 2015. Three experiments were set up corresponding to three tree species [Myracrodruon urundeuva (Allemão), Caesalpinia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.), and Amburana cearensis (AC Smith)], in a completely randomized design with eight treatments referring to the addition or not of nutrients to the soil and four replications. The results revealed that Fe and Zn supply was essential for the initial establishment of M. urundeuva and A. cearensis in Chromic Luvisols. For C. ferrea, which has a higher growth rate, fertilization with N, P, and S sources is necessary in addition to Fe and Zn in order to increase its establishment potential in these areas.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90381315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Pits in Corymbia Citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) Wood Permeability","authors":"T. Monteiro, J. Lima, Raul de Abreu Neto, C. A. Ferreira","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the biometrics of vessel-ray pits (RVP) and intervessel pits (IVP) with the water flow in different axes of Corymbia citriodora wood. C. citriodora wood specimens were used to correlate RVP and IVP dimensions with free water (FWFR), adsorbed (AWFR) and total (TWFR) flow. Correlations were made for three wood axes. Larger diameters of RVP facilitated FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial and tangential axis, however reduced permeability in radial direction of wood. Larger openings of IVPs reduced FWFR, AWFR and TWFR in axial axis of wood. Larger IVPs openings allowed higher FWFR and TWFR in wood radial and tangential directions, however, concomitantly reduced AWR. Effect of diameter of RVP and IVP on wood permeability should be evaluated for each axis. Thus, the opening of the C. citriodora wood pits can interfere in its permeability and consequently in its processing. pits affected the permeability to the wood liquid. Consequently, these results are related to the drying of lumber, logs and chips, as well as being important in the impregnation with chemical reagents for the wood preservation and pulp.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Ecology of Soil Fauna Under Periodically Flooded Forest and Anthropic Fields","authors":"Raíssa Nascimento dos Santos, Wilbert Valkinir Cabreira, M. G. Pereira, Rodrigo Camara de Souza, Sandra Santana de Lima, Marco Aurelio Passos Louzada, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Silva","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the ecology of soil invertebrate faunal communities in periodically flooded forest (CF) fragments and anthropic fields (AF) in the Atlantic Forest. The sampling occurred in the rainy and dry seasons using pitfall traps. We estimated the total activity, richness, diversity, and evenness as well as the activity of the taxonomic and functional groups. Total activity and richness varied as a function of seasonality. Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona were the most representative taxonomic groups. Enchytraeidae and Blattaria were exclusive to CF. Auchenorrhyncha, Chilopoda, Heteroptera, and Thysanoptera were exclusive to AF. The functional group of microphagous/saprophagous (M/S) showed the highest activity, independent of the environment and season. Greater dissimilarity was observed among the invertebrate fauna in AF when compared to CF. Periodically flooded areas favored groups from the saprophagous trophic guild, while AF areas favored predator and herbivore groups. Soil fauna present in forest environments presented less seasonal variability.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87257338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic Acid Increases Growth of Schinus terebinthifolia Seedlings Subjected to Varyng Irrigation Intervals","authors":"L. C. D. S. Saracho, N. M. Lima, C. C. Santos, S. P. Q. Scalon, M. C. Vieira","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) in Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to irrigation intervals. The experiment was performed by 78 days, under four irrigation intervals: 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, in combination with four concentrations SA: 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The irrigation was individually maintaining water retention capacity of 100%, under each irrigation intervals. The maximum height across the irrigation intervals was 24.74 cm at 7-days intervals, and 24.31 cm with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The largest leaf areas were 116.03 cm2 at 12-day interval and 123.71 cm2 with 200 mg L-1 of SA. The highest production of dry masses of leaves, stem and roots was without and 12-days intervals, both with 200 mg L-1 of SA. Exogenous application of 200 mg L-1 of SA contributed on increased growth in S. terebinthifolia seedlings subjected to 12-days irrigation interval.","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87759766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Mahogany Plantation Highlights in Brazil","authors":"A. C. Ferraz Filho, A. Ribeiro, G. Bouka, Milton Frank Júnior, G. Terra","doi":"10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and achieving sustainable forest resource management provides a fundamental contribution to reduce societies’ environmental impacts, and enhances the supply of forest products (FAO, 2019). In this sense, one genus that has gained interest among Brazilian foresters is Khaya, which contains all the species commonly known as African mahogany. This genus includes some of the highest-value timber species in African forests, which are under heavy exploitation pressure and listed as vulnerable by the IUCN (Pakull et al., 2019). African mahogany wood from native African forests is consolidated in the international timber trade, being employed for several high-end applications, such as furniture, sawnwood and veneers. While the majority of the commercially traded wood is originated from native African forests (ITTO, 2021), small scale use of wood from Brazilian plantations from few older plantations (circa 20 years old) as well as from thinning (circa 8 to 12 years old) have recently been applied with success for several uses, such as sawnwood, veneer faces, designer furniture and musical instruments (Ribeiro et al. 2019). According to Ribeiro et al. (2017), the history of African mahogany in Brazil began in the 70’s, when a researcher from Embrapa Amazônia Oriental received seeds from government officials from the Ivory Coast. These seeds were planted in Embrapa’s headquarters in Belém, Pará. Currently four of these trees still exist (from here on referred to as genotype trees), three of them individuals of excellent form and size. In the 90’s these trees began producing seeds, which were used to produce seedlings stock for new plantations, mainly in the North region. It was determined at this time that these trees belonged to the species K. ivorensis A. Chev. After these plantations started producing seeds, the plantation area of African mahogany expanded beyond the North to the other regions of Brazil, facilitated by the availability of seed lot and cloning techniques (e.g. Barroso et al., 2018) for seedling production. Although other African mahogany genetic material was imported from Africa during this time, the genotype trees and its descendants where the main provider of genetic material of most African mahogany plantations in Brazil, excluding K. senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. The fact that the genotype trees were incorrectly identified as K. ivorensis was raised in 2013, by comparing material from plantations with exemplars from the experimental plots of the Reserva Natural da Vale (RNV), located in the municipality of Abstract African mahogany is the common name of species from the Khaya genus and yields high value timber. It is planted in monocultures and agrosilvipastoral systems in Brazil since the 90’s. Here we relate the taxonomic identification of the most planted African mahogany species in Brazil, changing from Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. to K. grandifoliola C. DC. Currently we estimate there is circa 50 thousand hectares of plantat","PeriodicalId":46895,"journal":{"name":"Floresta e Ambiente","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88077359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}