Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management最新文献_第4页

The Use of Social Media by Emergency Stakeholder Groups: Lessons Learned from Areas Affected by Hurricanes Isaac and Sandy 紧急利益攸关方团体对社会媒体的使用:从飓风“艾萨克”和“桑迪”影响地区吸取的经验教训

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0031

R. Kirby, M. Reams, N. Lam

{"title":"The Use of Social Media by Emergency Stakeholder Groups: Lessons Learned from Areas Affected by Hurricanes Isaac and Sandy","authors":"R. Kirby, M. Reams, N. Lam","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present findings from our 2018 survey of organizations involved in emergency management in areas affected by Hurricanes Sandy and Isaac to gain insight into their social media use throughout the four phases of emergencies – preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation planning. While 90% of the 269 respondents report using social media in their communications with the public, government offices are more active throughout the four phases compared to the other groups. First responders use social media most during the response and preparedness phases, while news media and NGOs are more active during the recovery phase. This suggests that groups that perform emergency-response functions and NGOs play complementary roles in emergency communications. Further, respondents representing government offices and first responders use social media primarily to disseminate information, while news media groups and NGOs expressed more confidence in social media as a mechanism for bi-directional communications. While Facebook is most commonly used to respond to the public, the NGOs and news media groups also use newer, image-based options like Instagram. All groups reported less social media use during the quiet time (mitigation planning phase) between emergencies, suggesting opportunities for these organizations to increase communications with the public before emergencies arise.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73188004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Applications and Integration into Hazard Mitigation Planning 无人机系统(UAS):应用和集成到危害缓解规划

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0090

C. Lawson, Karthik Soundara Rajan

引用次数: 0

Critical Review of National Flood Policy Outcomes 对国家防洪政策成果的批判性审查

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0059

M. Stanley, A. Hotard, Daniel G Pilgreen, Michelle Meyer

{"title":"Critical Review of National Flood Policy Outcomes","authors":"M. Stanley, A. Hotard, Daniel G Pilgreen, Michelle Meyer","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Populations are increasingly exposed to natural hazards due to expanding development and climate change. This exposure is exacerbated by sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors limiting resources for disaster mitigation and recovery. Federal disaster assistance is crucial for communities in the wake of catastrophic events by supplementing local resources. However, recent research suggests that federal disaster assistance may exacerbate existing inequality across social groups. The most pervasive and costliest disaster in the United States is flooding. The federal government maintains multiple programs supporting flood mitigation and recovery, yet a comprehensive understanding of how these programs may foster inequitable outcomes is lacking. This paper uses a systematic review of federal flood policy literature over the last decade to fill this gap and identify patterns that may contribute to inequitable outcomes. Results suggest that despite over 100 flood-related disasters occurring over the past decade, the effectiveness of flood policies across social groups is relatively unstudied. And when studied, federal policies themselves do not explicitly lead to inequitable outcomes. Instead, we conclude that policies prioritize equality over equity and do not overcome systematic oppressive and racist decision-making. These findings further the understanding that social vulnerability to natural hazards is a complex and contextual issue.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81324811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Exploration of Local Emergency Management Program Accreditation Pursuit 地方应急管理项目认证追求探索

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2022-0019

Jessica Jensen, Marcelo Ferreira

{"title":"An Exploration of Local Emergency Management Program Accreditation Pursuit","authors":"Jessica Jensen, Marcelo Ferreira","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The manuscript reports the results of a study that explored what facilitates and hinders local emergency management program pursuit of accreditation by the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP). This research question is of significance for several reasons, including, (1) leading national emergency management organizations have endorsed The Emergency Management Standard promulgated by EMAP; (2) very few programs are accredited; and, (3) there are only two studies related to accreditation in emergency management and neither examines accreditation in a local context. Analysis of semi-structured interview data from local emergency management program leaders representing some of the largest municipalities in the United States revealed a variety of key themes regarding what facilitates or hinders accreditation pursuit. The complexity of these themes and the context which produces them suggests that widespread accreditation at the local level is not likely in the near future even though many leaders valued the Standard and accreditation. This conclusion is discussed and a variety of avenues that might be pursued if more accreditation of local programs were the goal is offered.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84730700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparison of Hazard Vulnerability Indexes for Washington State 华盛顿州危险脆弱性指数的比较

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0066

T. Sheehan, E. Min, J. Hess

{"title":"A Comparison of Hazard Vulnerability Indexes for Washington State","authors":"T. Sheehan, E. Min, J. Hess","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Factors associated with structural racism, disenfranchisement, poverty, and other persistent sources of inequity are associated with vulnerability and exposure to environmental hazards. Social, demographic, and environmental factors associated with vulnerability to environmental hazards have been used by many researchers to produce indexes of hazard vulnerability. In preparation for a climate change health risk assessment for Washington state, we compared methods and results from six indexes designed to support environmental health risk assessment. Production of these indexes varies in the number of variables considered, calculation complexity, and exposure of local causal pathways. Results for these indexes are generally very similar, especially at the highest decile of vulnerability, the exception being the Environmental Health Disparities index, the only one to consider hazard exposure. Some indexes used methods that hide causal pathways. Those that exposed causal pathways limited model structure. Results indicate that simpler indexes may be more appropriate for use in decision support tools as they require less overhead for data updates and scenario analysis and that other methodologies may provide a more useful framework for index generation.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80144799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supporting Humanitarian Crisis Decision Making with Reliable Intelligence Derived from Social Media Using AI 利用人工智能从社交媒体获取可靠情报，支持人道主义危机决策

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0042

Christopher Garcia, G. Rabadi, Diana Abujaber, M. Seck

{"title":"Supporting Humanitarian Crisis Decision Making with Reliable Intelligence Derived from Social Media Using AI","authors":"Christopher Garcia, G. Rabadi, Diana Abujaber, M. Seck","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence bring promising new capabilities that can substantially improve our ability to manage complex and evolving situations in the face of uncertainty. Humanitarian crises exemplify such situations, and the pervasiveness of social media renders it one of the most abundant sources of real-time information available. However, it is quite a difficult task to condense a body of social media posts into useful information quickly. In this paper we consider the challenge of using social media reports to provide a reliable, real-time situational awareness in the management of humanitarian crises. Effectively addressing this challenge requires extracting only the relevant information out of text and images in individual social media posts, fusing this information together into actionable information points for decision makers, and providing an assessment of the trustworthiness of this information. We propose a general solution framework and discuss a system developed in collaboration with NATO which combines state-of-the-art deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and information fusion models to provide a reliable, actionable, real-time situational awareness for supporting decision making in humanitarian crisis logistics. In addition to the technical approach, we also discuss important practical aspects of this project including the development and validation process, challenges encountered along the way, and key lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76714061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infectious Disease as a Security Threat: A Mental Framework for Future Emergency Preparedness 传染病作为安全威胁:未来应急准备的心理框架

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2023-0004

R. Houser

引用次数: 0

The Application of Emergency Management Principles to Violent Crime Response and Urban Resilience 应急管理原则在暴力犯罪应对和城市韧性中的应用

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2021-0030

D. Taylor, Erik Wood, T. Frazier

{"title":"The Application of Emergency Management Principles to Violent Crime Response and Urban Resilience","authors":"D. Taylor, Erik Wood, T. Frazier","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Violent crime is on the rise in many American cities and the annual cost to police and the community increases proportionally. Violent crime scenes are similar to the calamity experienced with natural or human-made disasters. Understanding how it could have been prevented, what services were needed, and what remaining gaps still exist in services and resources is critical. The narrative can be shifted by treating violent crime like naturally occurring disasters and applying comprehensive emergency management strategies to prepare, mitigate, respond, and recover from this whole community hazard. This dynamic emergency management-based approach outlines coordination across key agencies and stakeholders, and has the potential to mitigate the impact of violent crime in major urban cities in the United States (US). Using the District of Columbia (DC) as a sample study area, this policy proposal is supported by a qualitative analyses of available data, including from the limited existing literature and from related DC agencies. Findings demonstrate how the DC Homeland Security and Emergency Management Agency (DCHSEMA), can coordinate response and hold agencies accountable within its current capacity while supporting the interoperability of all related violent crime agencies involved. These findings have both national and international implications.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75764299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gauging the Impact of Satellite & Space Systems on Critical Infrastructure[CI]: Risk Management is Neither an Enigma nor a Mystery for CI Systems Security 评估卫星和空间系统对关键基础设施的影响[CI]:对CI系统安全而言，风险管理既不是谜也不是谜

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2022-0054

R. McCreight

引用次数: 0

Defining Fire as a Weapon (FaaW): Clarity, Implications, and Opportunity for the Homeland Security Enterprise 将火定义为武器(FaaW):国土安全企业的清晰度、含义和机遇

IF 0.8 4区管理学

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1515/jhsem-2022-0014

M. Marino

引用次数: 0