Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management最新文献

{"title":"Group Identity, Self-Concept, and Gender Bias: A Regression Analysis of Female Student Experiences Within Emergency Management-Related Higher Education Programs","authors":"Lisa Wier, Amy King Lewis, Tony McAleavy, Xiangyu (Dale) Li","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters and catastrophes are increasing in frequency and devastation meaning that emergency management in the United States will remain a vital, though currently male-dominated, career-field. This underrepresentation has a significant and detrimental impact on the efficacy and development of theory, policy, and practice as the related body of knowledge does not adequately reflect the diversity of the communities that practitioner’s serve. This study, therefore, critically evaluates the impact of group identity and self-concept on female student experiences of gender bias within emergency management-related higher education programs which act as gateways to the career field. The findings indicate that gender bias within these programs primarily occurs from male peers with female students feeling pressured to work harder than male students to succeed. Occurrences were, however, less frequent than in other male-dominated fields such as construction, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Barriers remain so efforts to promote educational inclusivity and career field representation are necessary to address United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Five which seeks to “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A National Disaster Medicine Quality Management Tool in an International Context – A Theoretical Study","authors":"Theresa Berthold, Marcel Zill, Birgitt Alpers, Jan-Thorsten Gräsner, Jan Wnent","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of disasters is changing, with disaster events becoming more complex and often affecting multiple countries simultaneously. Despite this, quality management systems have not yet been established in the field of disaster medicine. The German research project QUARZ-SAND, developed a national disaster medicine quality management system and an online registry. This theoretical study ascertains the current state of quality management in disaster medicine and compares existing initiatives to QUARZ-SAND and highlights advantages and synergies in the pooling of incident data, in view of improving resilience to national and transboundary disaster events. A systematic literature research was conducted on December 18, 2020 in the databases PubMed and LIVIVO. Existing disaster medicine quality management tools were identified and compared with QUARZ-SAND. It was determined that a lot of effort is still needed to get to an internationally accepted common standard and a tool such as a registry for evaluating medical disaster responses. A first step toward the establishment of a registry is the development of a standardized data set.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Spontaneous Volunteers in Cross-Border Crisis Scenarios","authors":"Yannic Schulte, Miriam van der Heyde, Marcus Wiens, Frank Fiedrich, Frank Schultmann","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0070","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of social media has led to a new degree of spontaneous volunteering in the aftermath of disasters, even in border areas. However, spontaneous volunteering across national borders creates further obstacles that need to be addressed and prepared for. This paper introduces an agent-based simulation to examine coordination procedures of spontaneous volunteers in crisis scenarios, particularly the specifics of travel restrictions imposed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, research is conducted on the effects of insufficient or delayed coordination of the population’s offer of voluntary help, which reduces the motivation of volunteers and leads to missed request for help.8. The results show that coordination of spontaneous volunteers is a key factor for helping the affected population, especially in a pandemic, where the possibilities to help are limited. These results are discussed with regard to costs that need to be considered in order to establish coordination, as well as health issues and motivation of spontaneous volunteers in different coordination scenarios.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Border and Transboundary Resilience","authors":"Anouck Adrot, Monika Buscher, Frank Fiedrich, Eric Rigaud, Marcus Wiens","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, resilience at and across borders has become a major concern. However, borders are characterized by complexity, emergence and creativity. This implies the need to better understand how disasters and their inherent risks are practically handled in cross-border regions. In this special issue, a diverse range of articles explore the operational, social, and technological challenges inherent to cross-border resilience.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Here and There. The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Restoring the Supply Chain of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Crisis","authors":"Kees Boersma, Robert Larruina","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0063","url":null,"abstract":"As a cross-border, transboundary crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic affected societies worldwide, compromising socio-technical systems across geographical, judicial, and administrative borders. The outbreak can be considered a health crisis, but due to the measures taken to control the spread of the virus, it also exposed the global medical supply chain’s vulnerability. Formal authorities struggling to restore the supply chain caused serious problems in the crisis response as the supply of vital medical equipment was scrutinized. However, unexpected allies including social entrepreneurial initiatives provided bottom-up solutions to restore the broken supply chain. This paper seeks to bring attention to how social entrepreneurs respond to a crisis alongside the formal crisis governance system and generate resources related to product development and logistics. By presenting a case study about how Refugee Company’s “Mondmaskerfabriek” (Face Mask Factory) engaged with the cross-border dimension of the COVID-19 crisis, we show how a social enterprise was able to establish a supply chain and domestically produce personal protection equipment. As the article shows, both crisis management scholars and policy makers should pay more attention to the potential of social entrepreneurial activities during crisis.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization Gaps in European Disaster Management","authors":"Maike Vollmer, Claudia Berchtold, Georgios Sakkas, Ioannis Tsaloukidis, Danai Kazantzidou-Firtinidou, Pertti Woitsch, Jaakko Perilä","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0047","url":null,"abstract":"The management of large-scale disasters, caused for example by natural hazards, industrial accidents or terror attacks, requires collaboration of different types of organizations. The organizations can use different equipment and tools, follow different strategies and procedures, or have different understandings of relevant terms. These differences, increasingly complex when it comes to international cooperation, can cause severe lack of interoperability that can result in vital time delays. An approach to increase interoperability in European disaster management is to standardize solutions, such as technical tools, procedures or terminology. However, standardization is not always trivial, in some cases it is impossible, in others there are challenges to overcome. In context of an EU initiative to facilitate and push standardization across all fields of European disaster management, an initial step was to gather standardization gaps in a comprehensive manner. Standardization gaps are the result of comparing end-users’ standardization needs with existing standards. Selected results of the gap analysis are presented in this article, and put into context of the general structure of disaster management standardization. Related challenges such as the proper involvement of all relevant stakeholders, and specific characteristics of the disaster management domain are addressed, and suggestions for a way forward are provided.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"2020 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readability and Suitability of Local Disaster Preparedness Materials in Predominantly Hispanic Border Communities: A Case Study of Cameron County, Texas","authors":"Katarzyna Sepielak, Dawid Wladyka","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Community awareness is a key component of disaster resilience and numerous agencies developed a plethora of preparedness materials. Previous studies evaluated national-level resources and social media content indicating that these efforts are not effectively reaching vulnerable populations, as the information is provided at or above the secondary education level. However, the local-specific content has been mostly overlooked in the analyses, subsequently neglecting the needs of areas with specific demographics and hazards, like predominantly Hispanic border communities. Thus, this study turns to local preparedness and mitigation materials, rather than general internet searches or national level documents. We analyze information provided on 239 webpages of local authorities in Cameron county in the southernmost tip of Texas. We evaluate: 1) the availability of languages and visual materials, 2) the reading difficulty level, and 3) the suitability of content. Our results demonstrate the lack of suitable and readable information provided on the local authorities’ websites with the average readability level implying “difficult” to “very confusing”, and the average suitability score equivalent to “below average/adequate”. Moreover, the lack of Spanish-language content indicates an under-utilization of the otherwise vernacular language. We discuss those results in the socio-cultural context of the border community.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety First or Saving Lives? How Medical Responders Would Decide when Facing an Active Violent Incident. Results from an Explorative Cross-National Survey","authors":"Nils Ellebrecht, Anna Joval, Tomer Kaplan, Oren Wacht, Eric S. Weinstein","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2022-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2022-0051","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, public authorities and rescue services have been discussing how Medical First Responders (MFRs) should behave in an Active Violent Incident (AVI) where it is necessary to weigh up self-protection and the rescuing of others. The aim of this exploratory study is to generate a preliminary picture of how European MFRs position themselves on this and related questions. With the help of a network of experts, an AVI scenario and accompanying questionnaire were developed and pretested. A refined version was then distributed among MFRs in eight European countries and Israel. We performed descriptive statistics and tested for significant differences among the participating countries. 1164 MFRs completed the survey. In the absence of police protection, a majority of respondents opted against providing immediate casualty care (56.6 %). Under certain circumstances, however, the rest decided in favour. More than 65.5 % did not fear disciplinary or legal consequences for not providing assistance immediately. Even with police protection, one in ten respondents would still not enter a “yellow zone”, one in four would leave this to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) units specifically trained for such operations. While there are very few strong contrasts between MFRs with different work experience, roles (supervisor/instructor) or additional qualifications (e.g., firefighting, military service), there are significant differences between MFRs from participating countries. Most notably, (1) only Norwegian participants identified, on average, a clear paradigm shift from “safety first” to “controlled risk taking”; (2) while 69.8 % of the Austrian cohort were unwilling to enter without being escorted by the police, among Norwegians MFRs the figure was 42.7 %; (3) the question whether “weapons” are “useful” equipment in such a scenario is particularly divisive (ranging from 14.3 % of German to 58.9 % of Israeli respondents). Although most of the questions were answered in the same way by a large majority, significant differences can be observed, especially between countries. We offer various explanations for these and discuss whether MFRs can actually remain passive given the situational normative forces inherent to an AVI.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Management in the Western Balkans Territory – Condition Analysis and Conceptualisation of the Cross-Border Cooperation Model","authors":"Milovan Trbojević, Mirjana Radovanović","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2021-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0038","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the paper is analysis and proposal of a concept for establishing an efficient system for disaster management in the Western Balkan countries. After the breakup of Yugoslavia (1992), there has been no effective system for managing emergency situations, while cross-border cooperation in this respect does not exist at all. The paper provides an overview of the situation in the field of emergency and crisis management in five countries of the region and a concept of promotion and cross-border cooperation in this field. The results of the research show that no country in the region has adequate emergency and disaster management system and that, regardless of the negative experiences, an efficient multilateral cooperation system has not been established so far in this field (there is neither regulatory framework nor proposals for the model of organization and for the procedures or technical mechanisms that would make the above possible). Therefore, the concept of establishing the <jats:italic>Regional Center for Disaster Management in the Western Balkans territory</jats:italic> (RCDM-WB) is proposed as a first step in handling disaster situations that arise from natural phenomena or technical and technological accidents. This is the first scientifically developed proposal of this kind for the above-mentioned region.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Crisis Communication Strategies by Food Bank Network During a Global Pandemic","authors":"Brittany “Brie” Haupt, Lauren Azevedo, Michael O’Grady","doi":"10.1515/jhsem-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"During the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), nonprofits needed to quickly rethink their strategies concerning the sustainability of their organizations along with communication regarding the crisis. The pandemic presented unique opportunities for understanding how service-oriented nonprofits, who must share timely and accurate information across stakeholders and work closely with partner organizations, can deliver services during crisis periods. Utilizing a case study approach, the focus of this study is the impact of COVID-19 on the Federation of Virginia Food Banks (FVFB), which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit state association of food banks affiliated with Feeding America, by examining the use of crisis communication strategies utilized or not-utilized during the crisis response and recovery activities. The findings present practical implications for nonprofit organizations and their crisis response and recovery networks and a better understanding of the needs for nonprofit organizations to engage in crisis communication planning for diverse crises and planning resources.","PeriodicalId":46847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}