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Presentation of “Living Being” in Early Indian Buddhism and Its Ethical Implications 早期印度佛教中“生命”的表现及其伦理意蕴
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.201-230
T. Ditrich
{"title":"Presentation of “Living Being” in Early Indian Buddhism and Its Ethical Implications","authors":"T. Ditrich","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.201-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.201-230","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the presentation of the notion of “living being” and its link to ethics in the Pāli Buddhist canon and its commentaries. This objective is achieved by examining the key Pāli terms that refer to “living being” (i.e., satta, pāṇa, and bhūta) in different contexts with the aim of identifying their sematic ranges. The article then discusses how the notion of “living being” in the Pāli sources can be situated within the main doctrinal models developed in early Buddhism such as the six sense bases (āyatana), dependent origination (paticcasamuppada), and the Abhidhammic presentation of cognition, which are linked to a larger ethical framework that axiomatically repudiates the existence of a human “self” as the centre of all analysis. Instead, complex systems that link all living beings serve as the foundation for Buddhist praxis, and lead to a new understanding of the lived experience, which is founded on an ethics of behaviour, centred around non-violence or the non-harming of all beings. The article concludes by exploring the important contribution of Buddhist ethics to the current environmental challenges by underscoring the essential role played by the doctrine of non-self (anattā) as the very source and foundation of an ethical stance from which ethical actions can proceed.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74541540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perspectives on Chinese, Buddhist, and Environmental Philosophy 中国、佛教和环境哲学的观点
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.7-11
E. Nelson
{"title":"Perspectives on Chinese, Buddhist, and Environmental Philosophy","authors":"E. Nelson","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.7-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.7-11","url":null,"abstract":"Appeals to the significance of a culture, tradition, or way of life can simultaneously edify and alienate different audiences as they serve an identity-forming and other-excluding function. The imaginary that some cultures are civilized and complex and others natural and simple has been complexly mediated through the historical entanglements and interactions between, on the one hand, colonialism and Eurocentrism and, on the other, varieties of anti-colonial resistance and the postcolonial formation of contemporary national, cultural, and religious identities. It is in this context that claims of the ostensible intrinsic naturalness and “greenness” of a culture or tradition are perceived and debated.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76199589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecological Implications of the Logic of Non-Duality 非对偶逻辑的生态学意义
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.175-200
Ann A. Pang-White
{"title":"Ecological Implications of the Logic of Non-Duality","authors":"Ann A. Pang-White","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.175-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.175-200","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the relationship between language and reality and the ecological implications of dualism, categorical logic, and the Aristotelian three laws of logic, on humans’ attitude toward the natural world. The paper engages in a comparative analysis of two traditions: one from the West (Neo-Platonism) and one from the East (Daoism). It argues that while both Neo-Platonism (as represented by Plotinus’ Enneads) and Classic Daoism (as represented by the Daodejing and the Zhuangzi) are successful in debunking rigid dualistic logic, Plotinus’s Oneness emanation theory in the end falls short of supporting an inclusive ecological ethics in a comprehensive manner. Still mired in dualism, Plotinian Neo-Platonism treats nature and the physical world as recalcitrant matter—an evil best to be avoided rather than embraced. By contrast, Classic Daoism’s non-dual multi-universe perspective of the world has much to offer with regard to creating a new eco-philosophy and ethics that supports a healthy, sustainable, ecology.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82650303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Muhammad U. FARUQUE: Sculpting the Self: Islam, Selfhood and Human Flourishing 穆罕默德·法鲁克:《雕刻自我:伊斯兰、自我与人类繁荣》
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.323-328
Anthony F. Shaker
{"title":"Muhammad U. FARUQUE: Sculpting the Self: Islam, Selfhood and Human Flourishing","authors":"Anthony F. Shaker","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.323-328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.323-328","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the self has been around, arguably, since people first began to systematize their thinking about the world and themselves, though it has never been studied as systematically as in the last fourteen centuries. That is to say, after the foundations of institutional learning and scientific investigation had been laid in the Islamicate world, more or less in the form we take for granted today. In this thoughtful and deeply knowledgeable study, Prof. Muhammad U. Faruque turns his attention to a set of themes at a moment of “major crisis” for the “theories of selfhood and subjectivity”. The crisis he has in mind is conceptual in nature and attributable to the myriad technological innovations that have overturned virtually every claim about selfhood inspired by neuroscience, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, anthropology and religious studies.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85548416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green Orientalism, Brown Occidentalism and Chinese Ecological Civilization 绿色东方主义、棕色西方主义与中国生态文明
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.119-148
Jean‐Yves Heurtebise
{"title":"Green Orientalism, Brown Occidentalism and Chinese Ecological Civilization","authors":"Jean‐Yves Heurtebise","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.119-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.119-148","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many things the Anthropocene is changing about human ways to live and think, one can include our understanding of human cultures and of their relations. Facing the Anthropocene and its diverse manifestations (climate change and rising temperatures, biodiversity loss and oceans acidification, etc.), there is a strong temptation to resort to predefined cultural assumptions to provide ready-made narratives of guilty scapegoats and unlikely saviours satisfying our religious need for radical alternatives and our exotic craving for deep otherness. This essay aims to critically analyse the various attempts to culturalize the Anthropocene with a focus on Green Orientalism and Brown Occidentalism—as we will coin the different culturalist narratives surrounding the notion of “Chinese Ecological Civilization”. Our goal is to promote the idea that the ubiquity of ecological issues calls for the Transculturality of Environmentalism. To achieve such a task, the deconstruction of the “onto-culturalism” of contemporary sinology is necessary.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82421305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Boundary of the Sky 天空的边界
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.41-67
P. D’Ambrosio
{"title":"Boundary of the Sky","authors":"P. D’Ambrosio","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.41-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.41-67","url":null,"abstract":"There are three good reasons why Daoism is a bad candidate for addressing contemporary environmental issues. First, the Laozi and Zhuangzi do not contain a concept of “nature” akin to ours today. Second, the philosophies of the Laozi and Zhuangzi are anything but revolutionary in spirit—and we need some revolutions. Finally, we need big changes from the top, and early Chinese thinkers did not conceive of political institutions in the way that we have them. Despite these reasons, or perhaps precisely because of them, early Daoist attitudes can provide insightful resources for reflecting on some of our most unreflected upon attitudes. In particular, the need for growth in nearly all areas of society is taken as a given, or even necessity, for our way of life. And while environmentalism and climate change are complex and tricky issues, growth has been identified by many as a common denominator when figuring out exactly what needs to change. This paper argues that if we shift our focus from seeking to find environmental concerns in the Laozi and Zhuangzi to philosophizing with these texts, then we can reflect on our environmental issues in interesting ways. To this end I will present “not contending” (不爭) “awareness of contentment” (知足), “not acting for” (無為) and “according to itself” (自然) as key Daoist attitudes which steer our thinking away from growth and along trajectories which can help human systems be better synchronized with non-human ones.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86913029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The “Greening” of Daoism 道教的“绿色化”
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.69-94
Ellen Zhang
{"title":"The “Greening” of Daoism","authors":"Ellen Zhang","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.69-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.69-94","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades there has been much discussion of Daoist thought in the light of environmental or ecological ethics. In this paper, I will discuss the meanings of ziran and wuwei, the two key terms in Daoism within its own tradition and then explore the possibility of establishing a form of “green Daoism” through an interpretative reconstruction of a ziran-wuwei ethic that is relevant to environmental and ecological concerns. I will argue that the Daoist idea of ziran-wuwei does not simply mean to accept things passively, but rather it entails a proactive dimension that can be used to challenge aggressiveness and destructive attitudes towards eco-cosmic unity and diversity. The paper intends to show that although some of the ecological issues we address today may not be the major concerns of ancient Daoism, and that the complexity of the ecological problems and solutions are dependent on modern technology, it will not prevent us from taking Daoism as a cultural resource with which we can examine the human place in nature in view of the current environmental crisis.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73456431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Heretic to Hedonist 从异教徒到享乐主义者
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.295-314
Xiaowei Wang
{"title":"From Heretic to Hedonist","authors":"Xiaowei Wang","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.295-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.295-314","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the nineteenth century, Chinese intellectuals had to respond to the dire situation of their country. Against this background, the leading intellectual Kang Youwei aimed to re-establish some traditional values. Although Yang Zhu had long been employed rhetorically in pre-modern China, Kang reconstructed Yang Zhu as an ancient master who had a coherent theory centered around two expressions: wei wo (serving one’s own interest) and zong yu (indulging in desires). However, there is a tension in Kang’s attitudes towards Yang Zhu: on the one hand, he criticizes Yang Zhu for when he reflects upon the despotic nature of Chinese governance; on the other hand, Kang sees the positive sides of wei wo and zong yu in the achievement of the Great Unity. Despite the ambiguity, Kang’s choice of vocabulary still made an impact to the portrayals of Yang Zhu after his: his portrayal turned this master into someone highly relevant to modern China; he also showed the possibility of reading Yang Zhu in a positive light.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75039707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Daoist Eco-Humanism and the Authenticity of Natural Life beyond Deontological Ethics 道家生态人文主义与超越义务伦理的自然生命的真实性
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.4312/as.2023.11.2.247-259
Jana S. Rošker
{"title":"Daoist Eco-Humanism and the Authenticity of Natural Life beyond Deontological Ethics","authors":"Jana S. Rošker","doi":"10.4312/as.2023.11.2.247-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2023.11.2.247-259","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, much work has been put into the scholarly understanding and interpretation of the complexities of the Daoist tradition. This includes a critical exploration of its contribution to contemporary environmental issues. In this paper, the author reflects on the intersection of Daoist humanism and ecology and highlights the theoretical and historical implications associated with the Daoist approach to the environment. These starting points can tell us much about how Daoist philosophical thought can be successfully connected to humanism and the sciences of ecology and the environment. The article points to the possibility of an alternative worldview that can help us, in our limited time and space, nonetheless find the possibility of living some kind of sustainable yet here-and-now moment. In doing so, the author starts from some key questions found in classical texts. Through her analyzes, she examines the potential applicability of classical Daoist thought and practice in China and in the West, both in relation to the modern ecological crisis and to the role and place of human beings within nature and society.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83362540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Source Governance of Social Disputes in China 中国社会纠纷的源头治理
IF 2.6 2区 社会学
Critical Asian Studies Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/14672715.2023.2196991
Jieren Hu, Yin-Chuan Wu
{"title":"Source Governance of Social Disputes in China","authors":"Jieren Hu, Yin-Chuan Wu","doi":"10.1080/14672715.2023.2196991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2023.2196991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the features and limits of a new dispute resolution mechanism implemented by Chinese courts called, “Source Governance of Social Disputes” (SGSD). Differing from existing extralegal means of dispute resolution, SGSD aims to bring courts back to the center of dispute resolution by pre-emptively intervening in dispute-prone processes via technology-based mechanisms. However, this has generated two pitfalls. Although preemptive repression can be adopted by deploying digital technologies to impose mediation on people and persuade them to make compromises, such technological deployment by and large fails to resolve the root causes of social disputes. Additionally, SGSD introduces new risks of technological abuse which may coerce litigants to accept mediation instead of adjudication, causing an erosion of public confidence in the Chinese legal system and a weakening of regime legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":46839,"journal":{"name":"Critical Asian Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"354 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77346443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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