Australasian Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Does compulsory vaccination limit personal freedom? Ethical issues","authors":"M. Paternoster, R. Scotto, Faiza Saleem, A. Buonomo, N. S. Moriello, C. Casella, Emanuele Capasso, S. Nappa, I. Gentile, G. Borgia, V. Graziano","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of dengue vaccines","authors":"C. S. Lim, C. Poh","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3451","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue virus (DENV) causes up to 390 million infections yearly, of which 96 million are clinically manifested. Approximately 500,000 people with severe dengue require hospitalization each year and there are at least 25,000 deaths among children from Asian and Latin American countries. DENV is endemic in more than 100 countries. Chemical and biological controls have been implemented in targeting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, but these control practices failed to stem the dengue transmission. As a result, dengue vaccine has become a potential option recommended by WHO to be implemented in dengue endemic regions. Currently, several vaccine candidates are being evaluated in clinical studies. Amongst the vaccine candidates, live attenuated vaccines (LAV) are the furthest along the development pipeline. The most advanced vaccine, CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia) has been licensed in 19 countries. Several other live attenuated vaccines, as well as DNA, subunit, inactivated virus, viral-vectored and subunit-based vaccines, are under development and evaluation in preclinical or clinical studies. Each of the live-attenuated vaccine candidates targets on molecular determinants of virulence in DENV, with the emphasis on attenuating the DENV and inducing a balanced tetravalent immune response against all the four dengue serotypes. Aims: This review presents several different vaccine approaches and their construction strategies, providing an insight into the development of future dengue vaccines such as live attenuated vaccines, DNA vaccines, sub-unit protein vaccines and viral vectored vaccines. Methods: Recent development status of dengue vaccine candidates was reviewed based on the published data and an online registry for clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov) which is run by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Results: Increasing burden of dengue necessitates the development of a safe and efficacious tetravalent dengue vaccine. Various vaccine strategies are being developed for disease prevention, each has its own strengths and limitations. Dengvaxia is a licensed dengue vaccine in 19 countries but it has been suspended in the Philippines in December 2017 due to its potential risks in children <9 years of age and seronegative vaccinees. TDV was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies as well as cross protective T cell responses against all four dengue serotypes and protected mice and nonhuman primates against challenge with wild type DENV. Seroconversion was achieved in both seronegative and seropositive adults and children <1.5 years of age with a single dose. TV003/TV005 was able to elicit multifunctional T cell response in addition to the humoral response. Seroconversion in 90 per cent of seronegative adults was observed with a single dose of TV005. However, eliciting a balanced immune response against all the four dengue serotypes remained the major impediment. Conclusion : Dengvaxia has been launched","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"18 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent fasting for cardiovascular disease risk factor reduction: A narrative review of current evidence","authors":"C. Gavaghan, R. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3485","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetSy), which is defined by the spectrum of obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, is recognised as a major contributor to the overall risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Intermittent fasting (IF), which encompasses dieting plans with varying schedules of fasting, may be an effective method of reducing the burden of MetSy and the consequent cardiovascular events in the face of a worsening obesity epidemic in the contemporary society. Aims: Despite the widespread public interest there is a serious lack of scientific understanding of the evidence base and the safe, optimal recommendations. This has created a level of public confusion that we endeavour to address by this narrative review of the published literature. Methods: This narrative literature review summarises the current findings and suggests which regimens may be more effective and where future research in this area should be focused. Results: Although the ideal regimen for IF remains unclear, there is promising evidence that alternate day fasting or modified fasting regimens, paired with or without continuous caloric restriction, may be more effective than continuous caloric restriction alone. Conclusion: IF has been shown in the small number of human clinical trials discussed here to be an alternative to continuous caloric restriction in reducing the factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Long-term randomised, controlled trials comparing continual caloric restriction and IF are required to objectively assess energy intake, energy expenditure, adherence, disease outcomes and metabolic factors.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"426-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native human dermis versus human acellular dermal matrix: A comparison of biaxial mechanical properties","authors":"M. Terzini, A. Aldieri, E. Zanetti, D. Massai, A. Audenino, C. Bignardi","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3487","url":null,"abstract":"Background Human Acellular Dermal Matrices (HADMs), thanks to its mechanical resistance and it’s not immunogenic response, is used in reconstructive surgery such as breast reconstruction procedures and hernia repairs. There is the need to investigate the mechanical response of HADMs when subjected to in vivo-like stresses. Aims In order to supply additional guidance to surgeons, in this work equi-biaxial experimental curves of native and decellularized human dermis are presented because it is essential to investigate the engineered tissue response when subjected to stresses comparable to those that occur in vivo. Methods HADMs specimens were biaxially characterized exploiting a customized biaxial conversion device entirely realized through rapid prototyping methods, and the HADM response to mechanical stimuli comparable to the in vivo deformation state was explored. From the derived data, stress-strain curves were evaluated, and the elastic moduli were extracted from the curve toe-region. As an indication of the fibre rearrangement rate, the slope of the stressstrain curve at higher strains was evaluated in a semi-log plane. Results The mean elastic modulus at low strains for the mediolateral direction (along Langer lines) resulted from 35 per cent to 87 per cent higher than the cranio-caudal one. Furthermore, medio-lateral specimens show lower rearrangement velocities at higher strains. Considering both directions, the decellularization process leads to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the matrix. Conclusion The tested HADMs maintained the typical anisotropic dermis behaviour, dependent on the collagen network predominantly oriented along the Langer lines. Moreover, comparisons among HADMs and the native human reticular dermis demonstrated the mechanical strength loss at lower strains caused by the decellularization process.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"434-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary, nodal, marginal zone lymphoma of a woman’s left breast imitated fibroadenoma","authors":"S. Strashilov, A. Yordanov, V. Nanev, M. Mihailova","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3494","url":null,"abstract":"Background Primary breast lymphoma is a rare malignant neoplastic disease, accounting for around 0.5 per cent of all malignant diseases of that organ, and also 2.2 per cent of extranodal lymphomas. The most common histopathological types are: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, extranodal B-cell marginal zone lymphoma and MALT lymphoma. The primary affected group is with median age between 55 and 62 years. The clinical manifestation is usually of a tumour process in the affected breast. Case presentation Here we present an extremely rare case of a 68 years old woman with primary, nodal, B-cell, marginal zone lymphoma of the left breast, presenting itself under the mask of a benign tumour process, found accidentally following a histopathological examination of excisional samples. Conclusions Primary, nodal, marginal zone, B-cell lymphoma of the breast is extremely rare. Its clinical and mammographic presentation completely overlaps with those of fibroadenoma, which makes diagnosing it preoperatively practically impossible. Main treatment method here is not surgical, but radiological and chemotherapeutic.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemophagocytic syndrome due to infection by H1N1 influenza virus","authors":"H. Gustavo, Bastidas Alirio, Forero Yency, Martin Daniel, J. Aponte","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection with hypothyroidism in a 45-year-old man: A case report","authors":"Meiqin Wang, Gai-Xia Liu, Guofang Xue, Dong-fang Li, G. Zhu, C. Hölscher","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3528","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome in young persons, rarely found in men. There are currently no known direct causes of this condition, although some correlations have been found. We report the case of a 45-year-old man with unstable angina pectoris secondary to spontaneous diffuse spiral dissection in the right coronary artery. In addition, the patient was diagnosed with other autoimmune related diseases, for example hypothyroidism, chronic atrophic gastritis, lung emphysema, which suggesting that autoimmune mechanism is an important mechanism for the","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why volubility can predict the success of cochlear implantation","authors":"Paris Binos, Anna Polemikou, E. Loizou","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3518","url":null,"abstract":"Background We sought to identify potential communication markers predicting the success of cochlear implantation, that might be observed within the first year of life. According the last ten years literature review volubility can be considered as a potentially important vocal measure predicting later language development. Aims The present review aims to review existing evidence related with: (i) why volubility posits a plausible marker of cochlear implantation success in infancy, and (ii) presents the clinical usefulness of volubility data in predicting later language trajectory. Methods Rate of vocalization or volubility measured in terms of frequency of syllable production and it is clearly affected by parental interactivity. A low percentage of volubility can be predictive of significant communication impairment. Vocalization growth during the first year of life, as demonstrated in publications examining sound production characteristics of normally hearing (NH) and hearing impaired (HI) infants fitted with CI, were reviewed. Results Literature results revealed differences in linguistic performance among NH and CI infants which are typically attributed to auditory deprivation. Infants received late CI, produce fewer syllables (low volubility) and exhibit lateonset babbling, especially those who underwent the procedure as late as the age of 12 months or thereafter. Early recipients (implanted before the age of 12-months) related with more vocalizations, which is thought to stem from CI-initiated auditory feedback. In sum, total syllables produced (volubility) demonstrate the developmental trajectory of language acquisition which in turn is a crucial factor related with the success of cochlear implantation. Conclusion Contemporary findings collectively endorse volubility as a plausible criterion of differentiation between successful and non-successful early CI. It is argued that volubility measures predict language development and, in doing so, carry vast implications on designing efficient clinical assessment and intervention practices.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lid abscess: An unusual presentation of melioidosis","authors":"Bhagwati Wadwekar, R. Ninan, S. Bhat, Sheela devi, R. RamyaS, R. Kanungo","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2017.2809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2017.2809","url":null,"abstract":"Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), is an emerging infection in India. Clinical manifestation of melioidosis is variable ranging from localized benign infection to fulminant septicemia. Ocular presentation of melioidosis is rare. However, cases of endophthalmitis, keratitis and orbital infections have been reported. We report the isolation of B. pseudomallei in a 40 year old male, presenting with fever and lid abscess. The patient was treated with meropenem during the acute phase and switched to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for eradication phase.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68172810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum associated with cardiac defects","authors":"Ling Zhu, Ronghui Ju","doi":"10.21767/amj.2017.3297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2017.3297","url":null,"abstract":"Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (AFA) is a rare congenital anomaly and its presentation always indicates the possibility of other important anomalies. AFA is classified into four subgroups based on the associated abnormalities. Here we report a case of AFA associated with cardiac defects happened to an in vitro fertilization (IVF) female baby whose mother is elderly parturient (more than 43year-old), and the baby was treated one day after birth.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}