Australasian Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"The combination of letrozole and metformin has a better therapeutic effect on uterine and ovarian arteries in PCOS patients","authors":"N. Farshchian, Siavash Teimuri Nezhad, Parisa Bahrami Kamangar","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3252","url":null,"abstract":"Methods Intervention-applied study was performed on 108 women with secondary infertility due to PCOS in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah in 2016. Women were divided in two groups of 54 people, for investigating the effect of letrozole-metformin and clomiphene-metformin on ovarian and uterine arteries. Results Blood flow in the uterus and ovaries significantly increased after treatment with letrozole-metformin and clomiphenemetformin (P<0.05). However, the effect of letrozolemetformin was significantly higher than that of clomiphenemetformin on uterine and ovarian arteries Resistance Index (RI) (P<0.05).","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarised infrared light enables enhancement of histo-morphological diagnosis of prostate cancer","authors":"G. Kochiashvili, Alexandre Khuskivadze, B. Partsvania, K. Chubinidze","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Billings, an Australian medical pioneer in research on fertility and contraception","authors":"K. Kraetschmer","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3275","url":null,"abstract":"Background Contemporary rankings and ratings of contraceptive options frequently neglect the Billings’ ovulation method or cite inaccurate failure rates for this method. Aims The aim of the review is to clarify inaccurate data and to shed light on the role Billings’ discoveries play in contemporary research on contraception. Methods Systematic analysis of the failure rates of the most widely used ratings and rankings offered by influential research institutes and government agencies. Results Contemporary research uses Billings’ insights for stipulating new characterizations of contraceptive methods and fails to agree on estimates for these methods. Conclusion New data are needed to accurately assess the efficacy of the Billings’ ovulation method and to determine its place in international rankings.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and practice of oestrogen use among the male gym participants","authors":"Turki F. Alharthi, A. Alotaibi, N. M. Alqurashi, Sami D. Althobiti, K. Alswat","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3305","url":null,"abstract":"Background Oestrogen is the primary female sex hormone and has important functions in both female and male physiology. Recently oestrogen abuse among male gym participants had raised as it is considered to enhance gym performance and breast size. Aims This study assesses the prevalence of oestrogen use among male gym patrons in Saudi Arabia, their practice related to oestrogen abuse, and the profiles of users. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2017 to May 2017 and included 4,860 male gym patrons. The participants were given a questionnaire with a total of 19 questions regarding socioeconomic information, knowledge and practices related to oestrogen, and lifestyle habits. Results The participants had a mean age of 28.6+6.2 years, 6.1 per cent of them abused oestrogen, and the most common forms used were ethinylestradiol (0.03mg) and drospirenone (3mg). Furthermore, 80.7 per cent of the users used it before exercise only. Breast enlargement was the main reason for oestrogen use, and local drug stores were the main source. Compared to non-users, oestrogen users were older (P=0.322), reported lower incomes (P=0.395), were more likely to be active smokers (P=0.597), and had a longer duration of gym participation (P<0.001). Conclusion The results indicate that 6.1 per cent of the surveyed male participants abused a combination of oestrogen and progesterone for breast enlargement, which was significantly more likely among males who had longer durations of gym participation.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68184067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural competency of nursing faculty teaching in baccalaureate nursing programs in the United States","authors":"Nadiah A. Baghdadi, S. Ismaile","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3335","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nursing education has acknowledged that cultural competency should be an educational competency of baccalaureate programs. Although nursing faculty are expected to adequately prepare all nurses to provide culturally competent care for patients, the literature suggests that nurse educators’ low levels of cultural competence contributes to under-preparation of new nurses to provide culturally competent care. Aims The study assessed nursing faculty cultural competence of teaching at a bachelor of science in nursing programs across the United States and identified demographic factors that are associated with that level. Methods Study used descriptive and correlational design through the use of online questionnaires. The study included (N=461) nursing faculty across the United States with a response rate of 23 per cent and included 461. Data were collected using a validated tool namely the “Cultural Diversity Questionnaire for Nurse Educators Revised”. Statistical analysis with means and standard deviation were calculated for all continuous variables. For all aims, results were summarized using regression estimates, p-values, and 95 per cent Confidence Interval (CI per cent). Results The Overall Cultural Competence (OCC) mean=166 indicated that nursing faculty has moderate level of cultural competence. The highest index was Cultural Knowledge Subscale M=43.53, and the lowest index was Cultural Encounter Subscale M=22.50. Regression analysis demonstrated that demographic variables were predictive of the mean score. Transcultural teaching behaviours subscale was considerably low related to the OCC scale, adjusting for all other variables. Conclusion The current study identified previous cultural exposure and cultural education as crucial factors to improve cultural competence. The researchers concluded that faculty cultural training needs to be mandated and should be more inclusive not only of educational material but also to include practice exposure to a diverse population. The training should occur during orientations, practice, and as an annual competency validation.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68184671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of muscle strength ladder training on disabled elders","authors":"Ning Zhang, Z. Wang, Jiao-Jiao Bai, Ye Shen, Yu Fu, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3418","url":null,"abstract":"Background Currently, there are many studies focusing on the physical activity program of disabled elders, but little is known about effective and cheap appliances for the disabled elderly to take home exercise. Aims To evaluate the impact of muscle strength ladder training on the activity ability of disabled elders. Methods A self-control trial was applied to 35 disabled elders in the communities in Shanghai for three months. The patients were evaluated for muscle strength and daily living activity (ADL) at the time of entry and intervention for three months. Results After the intervention, the patient's muscular strength grade was improved (P<0.01), and the activity ability score was increased (P<0.01). Conclusion Muscle strength ladder training could improve the muscle strength and activity ability of the upper and lower extremities. With the help of the muscle strength ladder training, the convenience, effectiveness and safety of exercise training could be increased.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interns’ knowledge of, and attitudes and practices towards malnutrition and hydration","authors":"G. Whitelock, Elizabeth Kapur","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3472","url":null,"abstract":"Background Malnutrition and inappropriate hydration can result in adverse clinical consequences for patients in acute tertiarycare hospitals. Interns have an important role in ensuring optimal patient nutrition and hydration care. Aims To determine the knowledge of, and attitudes and practices towards, the assessment and management of malnutrition and hydration of interns working in an Australian acute tertiary-care hospital. Methods Eighty-four interns completed a purpose-designed questionnaire. Results The mean percentage of correct responses for knowledge questions was 53.4 per cent for malnutrition and 56.0 per cent for hydration. Most participants did not undertake assessment of nutritional status as part of their medical examination (n=55 [65 per cent]) whereas the majority did assess hydration status (n=78 [92 per cent]). A minority believed they had adequate knowledge to identify patients at risk of malnutrition (n=14 [16 per cent]) or manage a patient with malnutrition (n=13 [15 per cent]) whereas a majority believed they had adequate knowledge to manage patient hydration (n=61 [72 per cent]). The majority of participants indicated that further training on malnutrition (n=76 [90 per cent]) and hydration (n=74 [88 per cent]) would be beneficial. Conclusion Participants demonstrated poor knowledge of the core principles of malnutrition and hydration and acknowledged the need for further education. Given the detrimental impact of malnutrition and inappropriate fluid management on patient outcomes and healthcare costs, medical schools and hospitals need to collaborate and explore effective education strategies for interns.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute cholecystitis managed in a rural surgical department","authors":"D. Kopelman, N. Abaya, U. Kaplan, B. Kimmel, G. Shpolyanski, O. Hatoum","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2017.3171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2017.3171","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study aims to define the outcome over a prolonged period of an unselected cohort of patients presenting with acute cholecystitis (AC) to a 560 bed rural hospital in Israel. Design, setting and participants Retrospective case series analysed from a single referral centre between 2006 and 2015. Separated into Group 1 managed by emergent cholecystectomy, Group 2 treated with antibiotics and delayed cholecystectomy, Group 3 treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) and selected delayed cholecystectomy and Group 4 managed entirely conservatively with no subsequent cholecystectomy. Methods Assessment of complication rates: in-hospital and delayed cause-specific morbidity and mortality along with conversion rates and the risk of intraoperative stone spillage. Results Of 321 patients hospitalized for AC, there were 50 in Group 1, 68 in Group 2, 59 in Group 3 and 98 in Group 4. Group 3 were older with more comorbidities and when coming to surgery had more open conversions. Intraoperative stone spillage was more common in Groups 2 and 3. The length of hospital stay was greater for Groups 1 and 3. Of the Group 4 cases, 63.2 per cent remained asymptomatic over a median follow-up of 78 months. Of those with recurrent biliary symptoms, 58.3 per cent were ASA Grade III/IV with 25/36 late deaths 80 per cent of which were from non-biliary causes. Conclusion In the management of AC, early cholecystectomy is favoured with non-operative approaches like PC drainage or antibiotic treatment alone being reserved for frailer comorbid cases. The absolute need for subsequent cholecystectomy is not supported by this series and requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and barriers to the privacy of Iranian hospitalized patients in government hospitals","authors":"T. H. Tehrani, S. Maddah, Masoud Fallahi Khoshknab, Farhnaz Mohammadi Shahbooulaghi, A. Ebadi, M. Gillespie","doi":"10.21767/amj.2017.3248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2017.3248","url":null,"abstract":"Background Privacy is one of the essential needs of humans, and is therefore crucial in effective healthcare systems. There is limited research clearly addressing the facilitators and barriers underpinning privacy for hospitalized patients. Aims This study aimed to explore Iranian patients’ perceptions and experiences with the facilitators and barriers of privacy in government hospital in-patients. Methods This qualitative study was conducted on 22 patients admitted to the in-patient departments of government hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using individualized semistructured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was performed by means of an inductive content analysis approach. Results The analysis of the experiences of the hospitalized patient’s extraction of six themes. These themes included the ethical and legal backgrounds of privacy, multi-dimensional design of privacy, perceived vulnerability, patriarchal care, conflict between privacy and care, individual backgrounds, nature of disease, and informed consent. Conclusion The privacy of the hospitalized patient is affected by complicated factors. These factors are facilitators and barriers and should be considered in the design of care.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A surgeon, a rabbi and a lawyer walk in to an OR… Absorbable haemostatic agents and the dangers of product evolution – clinical, religious and legal implications","authors":"L. Gluch","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2017.3268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2017.3268","url":null,"abstract":"Adjunctive haemostatic agents have been used in surgery for over 70 years. What surgeons may not know is that products intended for similar applications may have very different biological properties and that occasionally product upgrades may introduce a change in the material’s behaviour. Many of the agents employed to assist in haemostasis may have a biological (animal) origin. A recent case brought to light the need to recognise the possibility of biological interactions. As consideration into this surgical problem unfolded, religious and legal questions began to arise.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}