Australasian Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Direct bacterioscopic observation of Helicobacter in the oral cavity, stomach and rectum","authors":"V. Kravtsov, Maria Taame, B. Gumilevskiy","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2017.3247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2017.3247","url":null,"abstract":"Background Bacterial cells of Helicobacter Pylori (HP) are often found in people with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). All patients with symptoms are usually screened for HP bacterial cells by different methods of detection. Studies have shown that HP can colonize the stomach and other parts of the gastorointestinal tract such as the oral cavity and rectum. Aims To visualize and evaluate the bacterial cells of Helicobacter Pylori in vivo in the gastric, oral and rectal mucosa using immunocytochemical detection. Methods Studies were carried out on smears from biopsies of the oral cavity, rectum and stomach (ICD-10K29.3) from seventy patients with chronic gastritis for the detection of Helicobacter pylori (HP) using immunocytochemistry. This technique allows detection of both coccoid and spiral forms of HP. Results Our research demonstrated that the stomach was dominated by spiral forms, with coccoid forms being much less common (on average about 5 per cent). There was a quite different distribution of spirals and cocci in the oral cavity and rectum. The oral cavity demonstrated almost exclusively coccoid forms of HP, rarely spiral and HP were detected only in coccoid forms in the rectum. Bacterioscopic investigation of gastrointestinal mucosa carried out via direct immunocytochemical staining clearly shows that HP mucosal colonization occurs in the stomach (typically more than 50 helical cells in a single field of view), and that HP exits the body through the oral cavity and intestinal tract (5–10 cocci forms in 300 fields of view). Results of HP detection in the oral cavity and rectum corresponded with HP detection in the stomach in 80 per cent and 83 per cent of cases, respectively. Conclusion Immunocytochemical observation of HP in the oral cavity, stomach and rectal mucosa suggests that HP bacterial cells enter the gastrointestinal tract as coccoids, colonize stomach mucosa in vegetative spiral form and leave as coccoid forms. Thus, our data from direct bacterioscopy strongly supports the hypothesis that HP infection spreads and contaminates the gastrointestinal tract through its coccoid forms.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging salivary glands post external radiation beam therapy of head and neck tumours","authors":"Mpumelelo Nyathi","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3412","url":null,"abstract":"Background Radiation therapy using external radiation beam is an established treatment for head and neck cancers. However, salivary glands are exposed leading to severe impairment of oral health. In order to devise patient care strategies, clinicians can measure the degree of salivary gland impairment using various imaging modalities. Aims The study aimed determining the best imaging modality for measuring salivary glands impairment post external radiation beam therapy of head and neck tumours. Methods A systematic literature review, performed using Google and Science Direct.com search engines. Publications in English on salivary gland imaging modalities post external radiation beam therapy of head and neck cancers were selected. Information on advantages and disadvantages of the imaging modalities was documented. Results The study established that the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computer Tomography (CT), Ultra Sound (US) depict structural changes while salivary gland scintigraphy provides functional information. It was also established that the obstruction of the salivary glands can be measured using Magnetic Resonance – Sialography. Conclusion The salivary gland scintigraphy technique is the most sensitive of all salivary gland imaging modalities with the ability to detect slight parenchymal injuries well before structural changes can be seen using the MRI, CT and US. However, when evaluating the obstruction of the salivary glands ducts, the Magnetic Resonance-Sialography modality offers the best option.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68184958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of information in health education: A cross-sectional study in Portuguese university students","authors":"Paulo Santos, L. Sá, Luciana Couto, A. Hespanhol","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3435","url":null,"abstract":"Background Literacy is a public health priority. The way people access health information is changing. It’s crucial to understand this movement towards new communication tools, to better deal with it. Aims To describe the sources of health information in younger population. Methods Cross-sectional study of a sample of Portuguese university students, by survey, asking for the sources of information in health issues, and crossing it with the literacy levels. Results We surveyed 485 participants (77.5 per cent females; median age 23 years). The main source of information was the internet (78.8 per cent; 95 per cent CI:75.1–82.4 per cent), followed by health providers and by family. A linear regression model adjusted for age, gender and having education in health issues, showed that using the internet is adversely associated with the literacy score. Conclusion The internet is preferred to search for health information, but ineffective to improve the literacy rate, making us to conclude for the need of increasing the quality of available resources.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on child neurodevelopment","authors":"G. Koren, Rana Cohen","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3476","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pregnancy outcome following hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) has been sparsely reported. This review article aims at critically reviewing the first prospective study of foetal longterm neurodevelopment after maternal HG. Aims This review aimed at critically appraising the first prospective human study that aimed at investigating long term child neurodevelopment after exposure to maternal HG.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of an atrophic jaw with three short implants and a customized milled bar overdenture","authors":"António Sérgio Silva, J. Sá, C. Aroso, E. Santos, Luís Neves, J. Mendes","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3537","url":null,"abstract":"Edentulism is frequently observed in older individuals, and edentulous patients with conventional prostheses have reported lack of retention, support, stability, and chewing and phonation failures. Overdentures are a good option for rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Two or more implants supporting a milled bar with attachments may be used for rehabilitation of these patients, since this arrangement allows very limited rotation and vertical movement, thereby increasing patient satisfaction. This report describes a clinical case involving oral rehabilitation of an atrophic jaw with three short implants and a customized milled bar overdenture.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallbladder polyps between ultrasound and histopathology","authors":"A. R. A. Manasra, H. Qandeel, Mohammad Al Hurani, Tagleb S. Mazahreh, S. Hamouri","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2017.3300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2017.3300","url":null,"abstract":"Background Gallbladder polyps (GBP) are rare. Ultrasound is the most widely used screening method for Gallbladder pathology. Aims We aim to analyse polyps identified in gallbladders removed by laparoscopy over a 14-year period, and to assess the ability of conventional ultrasound to differentiate GBPs from stones. Methods This is a retrospective study of 11,391 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 2002–2016. Data concerning patients' characteristics, preoperative ultrasound findings, number and size of lesions, histologic features of polyps and gallbladder were collected. Results Forty-six patients had GBP(s) (0.4 per cent). Mean age was 54(range 17-85), 67.4 per cent were females. Body mass index (BMI) was 30 (range 19-43). GBP(s) were single in 63 per cent of cases. Polyp size ranged between 0.2 and 2.2cm (average 1cm). Preoperative ultrasound successfully differentiated polyps from stones in nine cases (20 per cent). The most common histopathologic pattern was hyperplastic polyps in 18 cases (39.1), followed by cholesterol polyps (28.3 per cent), adenomyoma (13 per cent) and adenoma (8.7 per cent). The rest (10.9 per cent) were malignant polyps (adenocarcinoma). Polyps were associated with chronic cholecystitis in 40/46 patients. Conclusion GBPs are rare. Hyperplastic polyps are the commonest in our region, probably due to chronic inflammation induced by gallstones. Although ultrasound seems to be sensitive to gallbladder lesions; its utility to differentiate polyps from stones is relatively low. Since one tenth of polyps were hiding malignancy, cholecystectomy is advised especially in elderly people.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of maternal position on foetal middle cerebral to umbilical artery resistance index ratio","authors":"N. Farshchian, M. Salehi, Parisa Bahrami Kamangar","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3251","url":null,"abstract":"Background Foetal distress is the distress of the foetus prior to or during labour and is used to describe foetal hypoxia. Aims As exact determination of foetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) to umbilical artery resistance index (RI) ratio has important role in the diagnosis of foetal distress, any factor that can alter this ratio can affect diagnosis of foetal distress. Therefore, we decided to investigate the role of maternal position and its effect on foetal MCA/umbilical artery RI ratio. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 27 pregnant mothers who aged 17 to 43 years and gestational age range of 26 to 39 weeks were studied by colour Doppler ultrasound. RI of the MCA and umbilical artery was measured at three positions, namely supine, right lateral decubitus, and left lateral decubitus positions. Results There was no significant difference regarding MCA/umbilical artery RI ratio between supine and right lateral decubitus (P=0.48), right and left lateral decubitus (P=0.67), and supine vs. left lateral decubitus (P=0.39). Likewise, no difference was seen regarding MCA/umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) between supine and right lateral decubitus (P=0.20), right and left lateral decubitus (P=0.35), and supine vs. left lateral decubitus (P=0.80). Conclusion Maternal position did not have significant effect on MCA/umbilical artery RI ratio.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of different orthodontic brackets and chemical preparations of ceramic crowns on shear bond strength","authors":"Blerim Mehmeti, Fehim Haliti, Bleron Azizi, J. Kelmendi, Donika Ilijazi Shahiqi, S. Jakovljević, S. Milošević","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3318","url":null,"abstract":"Background Bonding to ceramic restorations remains a major challenge to orthodontists, especially due to an increasing number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Aims The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of two chemical methods used for surface conditioning of ceramic crowns, on shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic and ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to ceramic surfaces. Methods The study was conducted on 48 prepared specimens of metallic and ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to ceramic crowns, conditioned with two different etching materials: hydrofluoric acid (HFA), or phosphoric acid, and subsequently, silane. SBS was tested using Universal Testing Machine. The samples were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope, to determine adhesive remnant index (ARI). Statistical data was processed with ANOVA, and ARI was evaluated using x 2 test, with level of significance α=0.05. Results SBS values of the groups etched with HFA and silane, compared to the groups etched with phosphoric acid and silane, are not significantly increased. However, ceramic brackets show significantly higher SBS values than metallic brackets. Conclusion Both types of ceramic surface conditioning procedures have similar features and provide strong enough SBS values to realize the orthodontic treatment. Also, the assumption that only the type of bracket significantly affects the SBS value can be accepted.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68184154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation in moderate pulmonary hypertension","authors":"J. Peña, Nathalie Torres del Castillo, J. C. Valencia, Vicente B enavides Cordoba","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3467","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Pulmonary Rehabilitation has been used in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, becoming an essential strategy in its treatment; however, in pathologies such as Pulmonary Hypertension, the benefits in the quality of life and tolerance to the effort are still discussed. Therefore, the aim of this case report is to evaluate the effect of an integral pulmonary rehabilitation intervention in a patient with moderate pulmonary hypertension secondary to respiratory disease. Case details A patient with moderate pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung disease, who attended an integral pulmonary rehabilitation program during 8 weeks of muscle training, aerobic exercise, breathing exercises, individualized education and psychological/ nutritional counselling were performed. Results Significant improvement in tolerance to effort, reduction of symptoms and health-related quality of life after the intervention was achieved. Conclusion Pulmonary rehabilitation in moderate pulmonary hypertension generated beneficial changes in terms of symptoms and functionality in the patient reported.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelanotic melanoma of the skin – detailed review of the problem","authors":"S. Strashilov, V. Kirov, A. Yordanov, Yoana I. Simeonova, Miroslava Mihailova Strashilova","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3511","url":null,"abstract":"Background Malignant melanoma (MM) of the skin accounts for about one per cent of all malignancies in humans. Amelanotic melanoma is a rare tumour, diagnosed in eight per cent of all melanomas. Aims The study aimed to analyse our clinical experience with amelanotic MM of the skin and the statistical data from a retrospective five year analysis of pigmented and amelanotic types of skin melanoma. Furthermore, we compare our results to those from other teams' studies. To reach the corresponding in-depth conclusions. Methods The study included 151 patients with malignant melanoma of the skin, diagnosed and treated at Dr. Georgi Stranski University in Pleven, Bulgaria, between 2012 and 2016. All the patients signed informed consent forms. Results Of the 151 patients we studied, 14 (9.3 per cent) were diagnosed with amelanotic melanoma. The average Breslow thickness in patients with amelanotic MM was 4.2mm, while in pigmented MM patients it 2.1mm. Local recurrence rates (35.7 per cent) were higher in patients with amelanotic melanoma. Distant metastases were found in 39 of all tested patients with melanoma. Of the 14 patients with amelanotic MM, eight had such metastases. Conclusion Amelanotic melanoma was diagnosed too late. Local recurrences were six times as many as the ones diagnosed in pigment melanoma. Distant metastases were twice as many, and mortality rates were three times higher.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}