Australasian Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Endogenous vascular repair system in cardiovascular disease: The role of endothelial progenitor cells","authors":"A. Berezin","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori sampled from healthy subjects in Cheonan, Korea","authors":"Y. Yuk, Ga-Yeon Kim","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3541","url":null,"abstract":"Background The increasing use of the standard triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has led to an increase in the prevalence of strains resistant to existing drugs, thereby lowering the success rate of eradication therapies. Aims This study aimed at promoting effective eradication therapy by investigating the H. pylori infection rate, incidence of clarithromycin resistance, and types of mutations. Methods Using a PCR kit that amplifies a gene site known to be resistant to antibiotics in H. pylori, the resistance gene retention rate is determined and analyzed using various methods. The rapid urease test (RUT) was performed on patients undergoing routine health exams in Cheonan, and residual specimens were analyzed through DPO-based multiplex PCR to examine point mutations of the 23S rRNA gene, a gene responsible for clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori. Results The statistical program R was used for data analysis. Data are presented as medians and ranges. A chi-square test was used to analyze the categorical data. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RUT and DPO-based multiplex PCR were 95.9 per cent in agreement with regard to the H. pylori infection rate, and the prevalence of the A2142G and A2143G mutations—point mutations for clarithromycin resistance—was 3.9 per cent and 22.8 per cent, respectively. Conclusion This data will serve as a basis for research on drug resistance in H. pylori, reflecting regional differences in Korea.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early endoscopic intervention in acute gastrointestinal bleeding may reduce the need for blood transfusion","authors":"Mutaz Ferman, M. Sheikh, M. Shawki, E. Leung, M. Al-Ansari","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3543","url":null,"abstract":"Background Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common gastroenterological emergency worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality of 6 per cent–14 per cent. The main causes of death in patients with GIB include shock, aspiration, and therapeutic procedure carried out for the management of the GIB. Thus, the resuscitation strategy of blood transfusion plays a very important role in these patients before any other specific treatment. Currently, endoscopy is considered the mainstay of diagnosis and treatment for patients with GIB. Aims To assess the effect of an early endoscopic intervention on the need for blood transfusion in patients presented with GIB. Methods We retrospectively analysed the data for patients presented with hematemesis, melena, or haematochezia, from July 2015 to July 2016, in Ballarat Base Hospital (BHS) in Victoria, Australia. Data were extracted from the hospital coding system related to patient’s demographic history, alcohol intake, comorbidity, procedure details including the timing and the type of procedure performed, and the number of units of blood transfused. Additionally, the laboratory blood test results for each patient were examined through the electronic records to assess the haemoglobin level before and after the blood transfusion. Results A total of 92 eligible patients with GIB during the 12 months study period, were included in this observational study. The median age of the study population was 67 years (range 2496) at the time of admission. A total of 67 patients (73 per cent) underwent inpatient endoscopic procedure with gastroscopy performed in 52 patients, colonoscopy in 5 patients, flexible sigmoidoscopy in 3 patients, and combined gastroscopy and colonoscopy in 7 patients. In the enrolled population (n=92), at time of presentation, 11 patients (12 per cent) had the haemoglobin level below 7grams per decilitre (g/dL), 17 patients (18 per cent) had haemoglobin level between 7 and 8g/dL, and 64 patients (70 per cent) had haemoglobin level greater than 8g/dL. Out of the 67 patients who had inpatient endoscopy, 12 patients underwent endoscopic procedure within 12 hours of admission (<12 hours group), including 5 patients who received blood transfusion; and 55 patients underwent endoscopic procedure greater than 12 hours after admission (>12 hours group), including 31 patients who received blood transfusion. Among participants who received a blood transfusion in the two groups, 1 out of 5 patients in the <12 hours group and 19 out of 31 patients in the >12 hours group had haemoglobin level below 8g/dL at the time of transfusion. Conclusion Trends of greater blood transfusion in patients with delayed (>12 hours) endoscopic procedure and administering blood transfusion at haemoglobin level >8g/dL in patients with early (<12 hours) endoscopic procedure were observed without achieving statistical significance. The results obtained from this study indicate that more saving in terms","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal tubular acidosis in pediatrics: A review article","authors":"Leena H Moshref, R. Moshref, O. Safdar","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we facing NOVICHOK nerve agent threat?","authors":"K. Kuča, E. Nepovimova","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3482","url":null,"abstract":"In the short history, at least four similar attacks by nerve agents were committed. In this short communication, we wanted to interlink some important insights into nerve agents and novichoks and point out that the latest assault by novichoks is not the only attack with prohibited chemical warfare agents and, unfortunately, probably not the last, as these substances can easily be synthesized in a well-equipped chemical laboratory.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The patterns of abdominal trauma and factors associated with ICU admission in a major trauma center in Medina","authors":"Amal M. Alqarafi, Asma M. Alhazmi, Areej Mustafa Alawfi, E. Alruhaili, Ftoon Alebrahaimi, Sami Hussain Sebeih","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3554","url":null,"abstract":"Background Trauma is a significant health problem in Saudi Arabia. In polytrauma victims, the abdomen is the second most affected body region following the head. In the Middle East, abdominal trauma prevalence ranges from 15 per cent to 82 per cent. Aims This study aims to assess the patterns of blunt and penetrating abdominal traumas and to assess the factors associated with ICU admission. Methods This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at a major trauma centre in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Admitted abdominal trauma patients from 2015 to 2018 were included. Paediatric and isolated extra-abdominal traumas were excluded. Descriptive analysis was used to identify patterns of abdominal trauma. Chi-squared test and independent ttest were applied to evaluate the association of the mechanism of injury, solid abdominal organs, associated extra-abdominal injuries, and type of injury. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with ICU admission in abdominal trauma. Results We included a total of 218 patients with a mean age of 32.7±13.9 years. Males (78.4 per cent) were predominantly greater in number than females (21.6 per cent). The primary mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) (76.6 per cent), followed by stab wounds (12.4 per cent) and falls (7 per cent). The liver and spleen were the most injured organs (31 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively). Chest injuries were the most associated extra-abdominal trauma (47.2 per cent). The majority of MVC patients (88.6 per cent) had BTA, while stab wound was the main mechanism of injury in penetrating trauma (12 per cent) (P<0.001). Penetrating trauma patients required laparotomy more than BTA patients (52.9 per cent and 8 per cent; P<0.05). Eighteen percent of patients needed ICU admission. Factors positively associated with ICU admission (P<0.05) were head and neck, musculoskeletal, and thoracic injuries and a moderate Revised Trauma Score (RTS). Conclusion Blunt abdominal trauma was the dominant type of abdominal injury in this study. The majority of patients were young adult males. MVCs and stab wounds were the predominant mechanisms of injury. The most affected organs were the liver and spleen. Chest injuries were the most associated extra-abdominal trauma. Factors positively associated with ICU admission were head and neck, chest, and musculoskeletal injuries and a moderate RTS.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68187544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between depression and anti-Müllerian hormone in premenopausal women with secondary amenorrhea","authors":"G. Jeon, Gyung-Mee Kim","doi":"10.21767/amj.2018.3550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/amj.2018.3550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"578-584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General medical practitioners’ knowledge and management of oral and dental problems","authors":"Elissa Biniecki, C. Foote, Grace Gilbert, P. Abbott","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3471","url":null,"abstract":"Background Many patients with oral and dental problems seek help from medical practitioners rather than from dentists. Little is known about why this occurs in Australia and how medical practitioners manage these problems. Aims The aims were to: 1) provide insight into why patients seek treatment for oral and dental problems from medical practitioners, 2) assess how these patients were managed by medical practitioners, and 3) assess medical practitioners’ perception of their knowledge of oral and dental problems. Methods An electronically distributed survey was completed by general medical practitioners who were members of the Australian Medical Association in Western Australia. The survey had 19 questions with a combination of both quantitative and qualitative responses. All responses were anonymous. Results From 130 responses, the most common reasons for patients to present with dental-related issues to general medical practitioners included: cost of dental consults, perceived need for antibiotics, ease of access and immediate relief of pain. Respondents reported that 68 per cent of presentations were during typical business hours. Antibiotic (83 per cent) and analgesic (91 per cent) prescriptions followed by referral to dentists (76 per cent) were the most frequently reported managements. About half the respondents felt their knowledge of oral and dental problems was adequate while 35 per cent felt it was inadequate and 16 per cent felt it was deficient in some areas. Conclusion Patients present to medical practitioners mainly for pain relief or antibiotic prescription. Most practitioners manage these cases with antibiotic and analgesic prescriptions. Practitioners’ knowledge of dental-related problems varies with about half feeling it could be improved.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"390-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48643521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood lead level and correlation with pregnancy-associated anaemia","authors":"Jehan Hamadneh, A. Massadeh, S. Hamadneh, Manal Kassab, N. Al-Bayyari, Y. Khader, Wafa Sbuihat","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3375","url":null,"abstract":"Background The most common reason that leads to anaemia is related to the reduction in certain trace elements such as Fe. However, it has been found that an elevation in some other heavy metals such as Pb could also lead to anaemia. Aims This research aims to assess the Correlation between Pb blood levels and Fe, Haemoglobin levels during pregnancy among Jordanian women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Northern area of Jordan. Venous blood samples collected from 167 pregnant women for the determination of haemoglobin (Hb), Fe and Pb levels of which 17 in the first trimester, 19 in second trimesters, 131 in third trimesters. Women were classified into two groups, the first group included cases with blood Pb Levels ≥10μg/dL (high blood Pb level group, n=118) and the second with blood Lead levels less than 10μg/dL (low blood Lead level group, n=49). Results About 71.4 per cent of women had anaemia (n=120; Hb>10.5g/dl) and 70.7 per cent of women had a high blood Pb level of ≥10μg/dL). Pb blood levels ranged from 6.45 to 28.0μg/dL. The mean (SD) of blood Pb level was 12.1 (4.1) μg/dL. The mean haemoglobin and Fe levels did not differ significantly between women with low and high levels of Pb. Blood Pb levels were not significantly correlated with haemoglobin levels (r=-0.025; P=0.747) nor with iron levels (r=0.099; P=0.241). After adjusting for important variables, Pb was not significantly associated with haemoglobin (P=0.223) and with iron (P=0.116). Conclusion The level of Pb in the blood of pregnant women has no any association with haemoglobin and Fe levels during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47188329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of alogliptin on hypertensive chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Amira S. A. Said, N. Hussain, Amal H. I. Al Haddad, F. Javid","doi":"10.21767/AMJ.2018.3319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/AMJ.2018.3319","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The antihyperglycemic treatment options for patients with Type 2 DM are limited because of safety and tolerability concerns. Aims To retrospectively assess the effect of using Alogliptin; a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) along with conventional gliclazide: a sulphonylurea (SU) on renal outcomes and glycaemic control in T2DM patients with mild CKD and hypertension. Methods A total of 76 patient records (38 males and 38 females) of patient ages 40–60 were analysed from the kidney unit at Punjab Care hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. All patients had a confirmed history of T2DM with mild CKD and established hypertension. Eligible patients were divided into two groups of 38 individuals each. Group SU received gliclazide monotherapy (SU) or Alogliptin (DPP-4i)+gliclazide (SU) add on therapy. All patients were followed up for 12 months. Results The alogliptin (DPP-4i) plus gliclazide (SU) add on therapy group, in comparison to the group only receiving gliclazide (SU), showed a significant difference in eGFR values. The mean±SD GFR values post 12 months were 74.8±0.31 (95%CI:74.8±0.09;74.7–74.9) and 76.1±0.25 (95%CI: 76.1±0.08;76.0-76.2) for SU vs. SU+DPP-4i, respectively, with mean calculated effect size of 1.6,. HbA1c, 1,5 AG and ipid profile values have significantly changed (p<0.05) while blood pressure values showed no change. The mean±SD systolic blood pressure readings post 12 months for for SU vs. SU+DPP-4i were 131.4±10.4 (95% CI 131.4±3.3;128.1– 134.7), and 131.8±9.9 (95%CI 131.8±3; 128.8–134.8), respectively. Conclusion In the present study, patients using alogliptin in addition to sulfonyl urea showed improved glycaemic control and lipid profile without increased occurrence of hypoglycaemia. We concluded that, DPP-4i inhibitors are safe treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes and mild degree of renal impairment.","PeriodicalId":46823,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Medical Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44674816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}