{"title":"Learning Perspective Distortion Correction in Cone-Beam X-Ray Transmission Imaging","authors":"Yixing Huang;Andreas Maier;Fuxin Fan;Björn Kreher;Xiaolin Huang;Rainer Fietkau;Hongbin Han;Florian Putz;Christoph Bert","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3551501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3551501","url":null,"abstract":"In cone-beam X-ray transmission imaging, perspective distortion (PD) causes difficulty in direct, accurate geometric assessments of anatomical structures. Since PD correction from a single view is highly ill-posed due to missing stereo/3-D information, the efficacy of different view combinations is investigated in this work. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the 0°&180° complementary view setting provides a practical way to identify perspectively deformed structures by assessing the deviation between the two views. In addition, it provides bounding information and reduces uncertainty for learning PD. Beyond view combinations, the impact of learning PD in different spatial domains, specifically Cartesian and polar coordinates, is explored. Two representative networks Pix2pixGAN and TransU-Net for correcting PD are investigated. Experiments on numerical bead phantom data and head CT data demonstrate the advantage of complementary views over other view combinations (a 0° single view, 0°&90° orthogonal views, and 0°&5° small angular views). Results further show that both Pix2pixGAN and TransU-Net achieve better performance in polar space than Cartesian space. The efficacy of the proposed framework on real cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) projection data and its potential to handle bulky metal implants and surgical screws indicate the promising aspects of future real applications.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 7","pages":"927-938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiana M. Ribeiro;Pedro M. C. C. Encarnação;Ana L. M. Silva;Pedro M. M. Correia;Afonso X. Pinto;Ismael F. Castro;Ana C. Santos;João F. C. A. Veloso
{"title":"Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution Optimization of a High-Resolution Preclinical PET With a Unique Acquisition Method","authors":"Fabiana M. Ribeiro;Pedro M. C. C. Encarnação;Ana L. M. Silva;Pedro M. M. Correia;Afonso X. Pinto;Ismael F. Castro;Ana C. Santos;João F. C. A. Veloso","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3546120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3546120","url":null,"abstract":"EasyPET.3D is a preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) scanner using a unique scanning method based on two face-to-face detector modules with two axes of motion. The sensitivity and spatial resolution were optimized for mouse imaging by studying the operating parameters related to motor motion (speed and step angle), following the NEMA NU 4-2008 Standards. Moreover, the impact of the energy window and positron range on the images was assessed. The fan motor should operate at a speed of 20 full steps/s, while the fan (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${F}=0.014^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–0.113°) and axial (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${A}=0.9^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–9.0°) step angles are chosen depending on the study’s purpose. The image quality experiment demonstrated the high-resolution capability of easyPET.3D. A 200–750 keV energy window maximized the sensitivity (+200%) without significantly increasing scatter fraction (SF) (+35%). In contrast, the acquisition protocol made it difficult to conclude about the positron range effect. The feature with the most impact on the scanner’s performance is the fan motor speed. A lower fan motor speed of 20 steps/s enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution by +122% and +60%, respectively, increased noise equivalent count rate by 155%, decreased SF by 7%, and improved recovery coefficient by +35%.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 7","pages":"959-969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Air-CLS Detector: A Modified Crosshair Light-Sharing PET Detector With Air Gaps in the U-Shape Light Path","authors":"Eiji Yoshida;Fujino Obata;Taiga Yamaya","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3551520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3551520","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a crosshair light-sharing (CLS) detector to obtain time-of-flight and depth-of-interaction (DOI) information; the detector consists of a 2-D crystal array with three layers of reflective material, and has a loop structure within a pair of crystal bars. In this work, we modified the detector structure by removing optical glue between the crystals forming the loop structure for the purpose of simplifying the assembly process. The modified CLS was made of fast lutetium-gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (LGSO) crystals with dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.45times 1.45times 15$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3 that were optically coupled to the multipixel photon counter (MPPC) array. Most optical windows of the top and bottom layers of the new Air-CLS were so-called air gaps. Only the optical windows that contribute to maintaining the 3-D structure of the reflective material were optically bonded, and a grid of reflective material was formed within the MPPC protective cover. This approach also improved the coincidence resolving time (CRT). The Air-CLSs and previous room temperature vulcanized (RTV)-CLSs were read out by TOFPET2 application-specific integrated circuits, respectively. For Air-CLS (RTV-CLS), we obtained CRT of 188 ps (197 ps), energy resolution of 14.3% (13.1%), and DOI resolution of 3.6 mm (2.9 mm). The Air-CLS significantly simplifies the assembly process while achieving the CRT of less than 190 ps.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 7","pages":"872-878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrienne L. Lehnert;Marissa E. Kranz;Donald Q. DeWitt;David C. Argento;Robert D. Stewart;Robert S. Miyaoka
{"title":"An Imaging System to Support Fast Neutron Therapy Quality Assurance (QA) of Intensity Modulated Neutron Therapy (IMNT)","authors":"Adrienne L. Lehnert;Marissa E. Kranz;Donald Q. DeWitt;David C. Argento;Robert D. Stewart;Robert S. Miyaoka","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3551208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3551208","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Washington Medical Center has clinically implemented intensity modulated neutron therapy (IMNT) as a novel, high linear energy transfer modality for palliative and curative treatments of certain cancers. Because of the destructive nature of fast neutrons to electronics, this required development of a novel patient specific quality assurance (QA) system. Therefore, we developed an in-house 2-D positron emission tomography (PET) system that images patient-specific QA fields by measuring induced 11C positron activity in polyethylene plates. The scanner is built around two parallel imaging panels of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> repurposed clinical PET detector modules. Images are reconstructed using focal plane tomography in a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$14times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 field of view. Standard metrics (gamma analysis) are used to compare images with simulated (MCNP6) fluence maps. Studies demonstrated a linear dose-response relationship and full system [x, y] spatial resolution of [<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.2~pm ~0.30$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.3~pm ~0.34$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] mm2 with 1 mm-diameter point source. Final image spatial resolution is approximately 8.5 mm FWHM due to the geometry of the polyethylene plates. Energy resolution (FWHM) in the center crystals is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$28~pm ~3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%. Assembly, characterization, and quantitative calibration of the neutron Positron Emission Portal Imaging (nPEPI) system was completed in 2022, and more than 100 patients have since completed QA.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 7","pages":"970-977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu-Nong Lin;Shao-Yi Huang;Cheng-Han Tsai;Han-Wei Wang;Meng-Chen Chung;Enhao Gong;Ing-Tsung Hsiao;Kevin T. Chen
{"title":"MRI-Styled PET: A Dual Modality Fusion Approach to PET Partial Volume Correction","authors":"Yu-Nong Lin;Shao-Yi Huang;Cheng-Han Tsai;Han-Wei Wang;Meng-Chen Chung;Enhao Gong;Ing-Tsung Hsiao;Kevin T. Chen","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3549617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3549617","url":null,"abstract":"Positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) can visualize the spatial pattern of neurodegeneration-related glucose hypometabolism. We proposed the “MRI-styled PET,” leveraging anatomical information from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to enhance the structural details and quantitative accuracy of FDG-PET, which is degraded by partial volume effects (PVE). The proposed framework comprised a baseline encoder-decoder image fusion model and several task-specific modules; notably, the alternative anatomical input significantly contributes to correcting the under/overestimation of gray/white matter while the adaptive multiscale structural similarity loss utilized learnable ratios across various receptive fields to modulate attention to tissue contrast. Compared to a traditional anatomy-guided post-reconstruction PVE correction method (PVC-PET), MRI-styled PET demonstrated significantly higher structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio than the baseline image fusion model (Baseline), showcasing the effectiveness of the proposed task-specific modules. In several Alzheimer’s Disease-related brain regions, MRI-styled PET exhibited consistent increases in corrective effects regardless of disease stage, compared to Baseline and PVC-PET. In conclusion, this study represented an initial exploration of a deep-learning approach for correcting PVE in PET without prior knowledge regarding the correction method or the underlying radiotracer uptake and without assumptions about the system point-spread function. Our implementation is available at <uri>https://github.com/NTUMMIO/MRI-styled-PET</uri>.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 7","pages":"939-950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10918787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3542198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3542198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10910004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3542196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3542196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 3","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10910005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neus Cucarella;John Barrio;David Sanchez;Jose M. Benlloch;Antonio J. Gonzalez
{"title":"Single-Ended Readout PET Detector Based on Pixelated Crystals With TOF and DOI Capabilities","authors":"Neus Cucarella;John Barrio;David Sanchez;Jose M. Benlloch;Antonio J. Gonzalez","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3546998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3546998","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional PET detectors based on pixelated scintillation crystals with single-ended readout do not provide depth of interaction (DOI) information in an easy and cost-effective way. In this work, we propose a PET detector with single-ended readout and 1:1 coupling, based on arrays of naked pixelated crystals that are glued in one direction, and optically separated in the other one. We have named this approach as pseudo-slab. In this configuration, some of the optical photons will propagate in the glued direction, generating a light distribution from which DOI information can be retrieved. We have characterized four different detector configurations, all of them consisting of a linear array of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> LYSO crystals of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3times 3times 20~{mathrm { mm}}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> each, with an optical glue of approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math>$70~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m in between them. The top and bottom faces are polished, and with a different number of unpolished lateral surfaces (2 versus 4) and different wrappings (Enhanced Specular Reflector versus BaSO4). The results obtained for the four detector configurations show energy resolutions ranging from 8.5% to 9.8% and coincidence time resolutions (with a reference pixel) below 290 ps for all cases using only the fastest timestamp and close to 230 ps when energy-weighted averaging of multiple timestamps is applied (corresponding to 182 ps detector time resolution). Regarding DOI performance, all configurations provide DOI information, showing a better performance with more number of unpolished faces and also when using <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm { BaSO}}_{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as a reflector.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 7","pages":"866-871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10908693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3561408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3561408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 5","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":">Member Get-a-Member (MGM) Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3561414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2025.3561414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"9 5","pages":"690-690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}