Applied Biological Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Xanthotoxol alleviates tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic kidney disease by targeting the HSP90αβ1/NLRP3 signaling pathway","authors":"Wenjie Jiang,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Jie Ren,&nbsp;LiDan Tang,&nbsp;Jinhong Gong,&nbsp;Hufeng Fang,&nbsp;Shan Xu,&nbsp;Jiale Pang,&nbsp;Dan Su","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01108-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01108-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression is accelerated by tubulointerstitial inflammation (TI), yet no therapies specifically target this pathogenic process. Xanthotoxol (XT), a natural furanocoumarin with demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in neuroinflammatory contexts, remains unexplored for its potential in DKD-associated TI. This study explored the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of XT on DKD-associated TI through experiments combined with bioinformatics technology. We found that TI was significantly exacerbated in models of DKD. In vitro experiments showed that XT dose-dependently inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory factors, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in human renal proximal tubule (HK-2) cells induced by high glucose (HG). Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identified heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha beta 1 (HSP90αβ1) as a pivotal target of XT in this context. Subsequent mechanistic experiments confirmed the existence of a direct physical interaction between HSP90αβ1 and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). A high dose of XT was able to effectively inhibit the upregulation of HSP90αβ1 and NLRP3 expression and their interaction induced by HG. Furthermore, the use of the HSP90αβ1 activator tamoxifen eliminated the inhibitory effect of XT on the production of NLRP3 and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, our study is the first to demonstrate that XT may alleviate the DKD-associated TI by targeting the HSP90αβ1/NLRP3 signaling axis. These results indicate that XT is a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of DKD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01108-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent response and biodegradation capacity of lettuce to chlortetracycline: hydroponic experiments","authors":"Hadjer Chohra,&nbsp;Young-Nam Kim,&nbsp;Ju-Young Cho,&nbsp;Hyeonji Choe,&nbsp;Vimalraj Kantharaj,&nbsp;Keum-Ah Lee,&nbsp;Yong Bok Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01096-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01096-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotics administered to livestock are excreted in large proportions into agricultural soils, where they can be taken up by crop plants. Among veterinary antibiotics, chlortetracycline (CTC) is particularly persistent and widely detected in agricultural environments. Despite growing concern over antibiotic residues in agriculture, little is known about the phytotoxic effects of CTC on leafy vegetables, including lettuce, or the mechanisms underlying their physiological response. In this study, the toxicological impact of CTC on lettuce seedlings was investigated through two sequential hydroponic experiments. In Experiment 1, seedlings were exposed to six concentrations of CTC (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mg L⁻¹) for 21 days to evaluate dose-dependent growth and physiological responses. Concentrations above 0.5 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced leaf number, shoot and root length, and fresh weight, accompanied by marked reductions in pigments. Notably, anthocyanin decreased by 88% at 5 mg L⁻¹ compared to control. Mineral uptake was also disrupted, with potassium and manganese contents reduced by 59.8% and 39.6%, respectively, at 5 mg L⁻¹. Based on the pronounced phytotoxicity observed at 5 mg L⁻¹, this concentration was selected for Experiment 2 to assess self-detoxification capacity. Seedlings were exposed to CTC for six days, followed by withdrawal until harvest. During exposure, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly in both shoots and roots, indicating oxidative stress and activation of defense mechanisms. For instance, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased by 142.9% in shoots and 66.7% in roots relative to the control on Day 6. Following CTC withdrawal, residues and degradation product tetracycline of CTC remained detectable in plant tissues, while growth recovery was limited and oxidative stress persisted. Elevated MDA indicated ongoing lipid peroxidation, while antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD and APX remained elevated but only partially effective, reflecting sustained yet insufficient defense responses. These findings provide new insights into CTC-induced phytotoxicity, accumulation, and degradation dynamics via hydroponic cultivation for lettuce. The results underscore potential risks for food safety and emphasize the importance of sustainable management strategies to mitigate antibiotic contamination in agroecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01096-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Aruncus dioicus leaf extract against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes","authors":"Kyoung Bin Kim,&nbsp;Joong-Hyuck Auh","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01107-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01107-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy, characterized by excessive protein degradation and increased oxidative stress, represents a significant clinical challenge in patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Natural polyphenols have garnered increasing attention as promising therapeutic agents due to their antioxidant and anti-atrophic properties. This study investigated the protective effects of <i>Aruncus dioicus</i> leaf extract and its preparative fractions against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. A 70% ethanolic extract was fractionated using preparative HPLC into two distinct fractions, F1 and F2. Phytochemical analysis revealed that F2 exhibited the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and strongest antioxidant capacity, as determined by both DPPH and ORAC assays, among all tested samples. Pretreatment with F2 significantly attenuated dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy by preserving myotube diameter, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and suppressing the upregulation of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1). UHPLC–Orbitrap MS/MS analysis demonstrated that F2 was enriched in flavonol glycosides and phenolic acids. These findings suggest that the F2 fraction of <i>A. dioicus</i>, which is rich in bioactive polyphenols, protects against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing oxidative stress and atrogene expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01107-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical weathering and microbial carbon turnover: coupled drivers of greenhouse gas mitigation in basalt-amended paddy soil","authors":"Ji-Hyun Park,&nbsp;Mu Yeol Lee,&nbsp;So-Jeong Kim,&nbsp;Chan-Mi Choi,&nbsp;Young-Soo Han","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01106-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01106-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing agricultural cultivation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Recently, the application of silicate minerals, such as basalt, has gained attention as a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soils. These minerals can enhance carbon sequestration through weathering reactions that consume atmospheric CO₂ as they dissolve. This study investigates not only the weathering effects but also how basalt treatment influences microbial processes in paddy soils, ultimately affecting emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). With different concentrations of basalt powder, biotic and abiotic batch systems were constructed and gas emissions, cation dissolution, carbon turnover, and microbial communities were investigated. Microbial respiration led to an increase in CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, however, the gas emissions decreased with higher basalt concentrations. The release of cations such as Si, Ca, and Mg also had a potential role in reducing gas emissions through inorganic carbon trapping. Moreover, the lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured under all of the batches, demonstrating the effects of microorganisms. By calculating the turnover of solid organic carbon (SOC) across gas, aqueous, and solid phases, the role of microorganisms in carbon flow was confirmed. Microbial community analysis showed that Methanobacterium decreased in proportion with increasing basalt content. It might be attributed to the thermodynamic suppression imposed by basalt-derived electron acceptors. These results indicate that basalt application can effectively reduce microbial greenhouse gas emissions and could potentially be applied to a variety of soil types beyond just paddy fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01106-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergothioneine alleviates exercise-induced fatigue associated with modulation of muscle transcriptome and gut microbiota","authors":"Jiawen Su,&nbsp;Yanyun Hu,&nbsp;Tianyou Wang,&nbsp;Xiaolong Li,&nbsp;Gan Gao,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Lin Zhou,&nbsp;Zhihui Xie,&nbsp;Hongliang Huang","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01104-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01104-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatigue often occurs after extended physical activity. A weighted exhaustive swimming-induced overtraining model was used to assess whether ergothioneine alleviates exercise-induced fatigue and is associated with changes in gut microbiota and fatigue-related gene transcription. We measured exercise endurance through swimming, grip strength, and rotarod tests, and evaluated locomotor activity via the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Oxidative stress and muscle injury were assessed using serum biochemical markers, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overtrained mice showed decreased exercise endurance, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, and altered gut microbiota. Ergothioneine supplementation at both low and high doses significantly improved endurance and reduced interleukin-6, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase levels. It also restored gut microbiota composition by increasing <i>Akkermansiaceae</i> and <i>Muribaculum</i> while decreasing <i>Desulfobacterota</i>, <i>Campylobacterota</i>, and <i>Erysipelotrichaceae</i>. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that ergothioneine’s anti-fatigue effects were associated with changes in the AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways. These findings suggest that ergothioneine mitigates exercise-induced fatigue and may involve modulation of gut microbiota and inflammation- and metabolism-related pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01104-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M5 isolation method preserves higher trichogenic identity and proliferative capacity of human dermal papilla cells","authors":"Dawitt Kang,&nbsp;Hana Yoo,&nbsp;Hyunju Lim,&nbsp;Min Song Kang,&nbsp;Do-Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Namsik Kim,&nbsp;Sunghyun Kim,&nbsp;Pyo June Pak","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01102-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01102-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) play a critical role in hair follicle regeneration. However, their clinical application is limited by inefficient isolation procedures and the progressive loss of trichogenic potential during in vitro expansion. This study aimed to establish an optimized isolation strategy to balance scalability with the preservation of functional identity. Five isolation methods (M1–M5) were systematically evaluated based on attachment efficiency, proliferation kinetics, and manufacturability. The molecular characteristics of hDPCs derived via the five different methods were examined using gene expression profiling and signaling pathway analysis. Concurrently, functional competence was assessed using three-dimensional (3D) in vitro hair follicle-like constructs and an in vivo mouse hair regeneration model. Among the tested methods, the M5 approach demonstrated superior performance, notably achieving high attachment efficiency and reduced processing time. The M5-derived hDPCs exhibited significantly enhanced proliferative capacity while maintaining elevated population doubling levels through passage 4. Molecular analyses revealed sustained expression of key hair-inductive markers, including LEF1, AXIN2, and Noggin, accompanied by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathways. In vivo, the M5-derived hDPCs effectively induced anagen-phase hair follicles and robust hair growth. Furthermore, the M5-derived hDPCs demonstrated physiological responsiveness comparable to those achieved by pharmacological modulation with minoxidil and dihydrotestosterone, confirming retention of cellular plasticity. Collectively, the optimized M5 isolation strategy provides a robust and standardized platform for hDPC isolation, preserving biological potency while supporting scalable manufacturing for regenerative applications in alopecia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01102-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium communities from South Korea","authors":"Jaeyoung Ro,&nbsp;Raan Shin,&nbsp;Hor-Gil Hur,&nbsp;Sujin Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01100-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01100-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global threat that interconnects human, animal, and agricultural health under the One Health paradigm. While agricultural soils are recognized as major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, the resistance profiles of key soil microorganisms, such as <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, remain insufficiently characterized. This study examined the antibiotic resistance patterns of 152 indigenous <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> strains isolated from soybean nodules across South Korea. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, combined with PCR-based screening for selected antibiotic resistance genes, provided a representative overview of the resistance landscape in soybean fields. The findings revealed an alarmingly high nationwide prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, and vancomycin, across both species and regions. Notably, <i>B. elkanii</i> displayed a distinct resistance profile, characterized by exceptionally high resistance to cephalexin and rifampicin, suggesting the presence of unique intrinsic mechanisms or novel resistance gene variants in this species. <i>B. diazoefficiens</i>, the most predominant species, exhibited apparent geographical heterogeneity of phenotypic resistance patterns and <i>arr</i> gene prevalence, which may reflect localized selection pressures and limited gene flow between regional populations. These findings highlight the urgent need for systematic resistome mapping to monitor the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance and to establish more stringent regulatory frameworks for antibiotic use across the agricultural and public health sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01100-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly efficient protocol for tomato protoplast isolation and transfection via seedling etiolation","authors":"Yaerim Lee,&nbsp;So Hee Yang,&nbsp;Soon-Ki Han,&nbsp;Yeonjong Koo","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01101-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01101-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protoplast-based transient expression systems serve as indispensable platforms for functional genomics, genome editing, and synthetic biology. While tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) is a premier model crop for genetic research, its utility in protoplast-based assays has been constrained by suboptimal isolation yields and low transfection efficiencies. In this study, we report that etiolation treatment of tomato seedlings (cv. Micro-Tom) significantly enhances both protoplast recovery and PEG-mediated transfection. Cotyledons subjected to an 8-day dark treatment yielded an average of 1.47 × 10⁷ protoplasts/g FW, representing a 12-fold increase compared with non-etiolated controls (1.22 × 10⁶ protoplasts/g FW). Furthermore, etiolated protoplasts exhibited superior viability at 90.8%, compared to 53.4% in light-grown counterparts. Most notably, the transfection efficiency using a GFP-reporter plasmid reached 58.2% in etiolated protoplasts, a 2.2-fold improvement over the 25.8% observed in non-etiolated cotyledons. Our results suggest that etiolation optimizes cellular physiology and enhances structural stability for exogenous DNA delivery. This study establishes a robust and streamlined protocol for high-efficiency protoplast isolation and transfection, providing a powerful tool to accelerate precision breeding and functional genomics in tomato.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01101-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological restoration of wildfire-affected areas: a review on the impacts of natural combustion residues (charcoal/ash) versus engineered biochar application","authors":"Jae-Hoon Lee,&nbsp;Seul-Rin Lee,&nbsp;Jun-Suk Rho,&nbsp;Dong-Cheol Seo","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01098-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01098-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Escalating wildfire frequency and severity, driven by global climate change, are inducing profound physical, chemical, and biological shifts in forest soil ecosystems, necessitating the development of effective restoration strategies. This review critically evaluates the functional disparities between naturally occurring postfire residues (specifically ash and wildfire-derived charcoal) and engineered biochar (E-BC) used as an active soil amendment. While naturally occurring charcoal and ash can temporarily replenish nutrient pools, recent comparative analyses using solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental profiling reveal fundamental limitations in the stability of wildfire-derived pyrogenic carbon (PyC). Unlike E-BC, wildfire charcoal is often produced under conditions of rapid heating, varying oxygen availability, and short heating durations. Consequently, even when formed at high temperatures, PyC retains significant chemical heterogeneity, characterized by a lower degree of aromatic condensation and the persistence of alkyl and O-alkyl compounds. These structural deficiencies result in lower chemical recalcitrance and reduced carbon sequestration potential compared to slow-pyrolysis biochar. Furthermore, the specific physicochemical properties of PyC, including higher acidity, lower ash fractions, and less thermally mature surface functionalities, lead to distinct leaching behaviors that may elevate the risk of heavy-metal mobilization and alter fluvial elemental transport. In contrast, E-BC produced under controlled, slow pyrolysis conditions exhibits superior porosity and a highly aromatic structure. The application of biochar has been shown to consistently improve soil water-holding capacity, enhance the sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants, and stimulate beneficial microbial activity. Furthermore, the restorative efficiency of biochar depends heavily on the pyrolysis temperature. While low-temperature biochar (350–500 °C) enhances nutrient retention and microbial activity, high-temperature biochar (&gt; 600 °C) offers superior surface area and aromatic stability. Consequently, for long-term carbon sequestration and contaminant immobilization in fire-affected landscapes, the application of highly recalcitrant, high-temperature biochar is critical. These mechanisms are crucial for facilitating the early-stage rehabilitation of fire-affected soils and mitigating secondary hazards, such as soil hydrophobicity and erosion. Crucially, this review challenges the prevailing methodological assumption that wildfire-derived charcoal and biochar serve as suitable proxies for one another in agronomy and global climate dynamics. The distinct environmental fates and residence times of PyC and biochar suggest that models based on wildfire-derived charcoal may significantly underestimate the longevity and sequestration benefits of E-BC. Therefore, this study advocates for a paradigm shift in postfire management: moving beyond relian","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01098-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus CQFP202425 on regulating oxidative stress and exercise performance","authors":"Yan Wang,&nbsp;Zhenfeng Ding","doi":"10.1186/s13765-026-01099-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-026-01099-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study established a mouse model of oxidative stress induced by D-galactose to investigate the effects of <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> CQFP202425 (PP-CQFP202425) on hepatic oxidative stress status and exercise endurance. The exercise capacity of the mice was evaluated using an exhaustive treadmill running test. Serum and liver tissue-related indices were measured using assay kits, and the pathological morphology of liver tissues was observed via hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to determine the mRNA expression levels of specific genes in liver tissue, gastrocnemius muscle tissue, and intestinal contents. The results indicated that, compared with the model group, PP-CQFP202425 intervention significantly prolonged the exhaustive running time in mice; reduced the serum levels of lactic acid (LA), creatine kinase (CK), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); increased the reserves of hepatic glycogen (HG) and muscle glycogen (MG); and concurrently lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results also showed that liver tissue sections revealed PP-CQFP202425 alleviated pathological damage induced by oxidative stress. Further molecular analysis demonstrated that PP-CQFP202425 upregulated the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) in both the liver and gastrocnemius muscle of mice with oxidative stress-induced exhaustion. In liver tissue, it also increased the mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Analysis of intestinal contents indicated that PP-CQFP202425 increased the mRNA expression of <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> in the model mice, while decreasing the expression of <i>Bacteroidetes</i>. It also significantly elevated the expression of lactic acid bacteria, reaching levels even higher than those in the normal group. These findings suggest that PP-CQFP202425 can mitigate oxidative damage and enhance exercise endurance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13765-026-01099-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}