{"title":"Robodebt cultures and useful idiots: Why Robodebt was not a techno-failure","authors":"Paul W. F. Henman","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia's Robodebt scheme is now internationally infamous for how not to use automation in government. Belying heightened concern with artificial intelligence, Robodebt involved traditional, relatively simple computer algorithms to automate the identification and pursuit of alleged historical welfare debts. Yet, it was based on a false legal premise. This paper argues that rather than a technical failure, Robodebt was intentional, motivated by political imperatives, aided and abetted by an overly responsive public service culture. Engaging with the literature of organisational wilful ignorance, it is argued that these political and public service cultures were constituted by useful idiots, who acted as foils to keep the illegal scheme running for 4 years. Drawing on the Report of the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme, the paper identifies a range of practices through which strategic wilful ignorance of Robodebt's unlawfulness was actively constituted. Such practices, particularly well-versed in the senior echolons of the public service, include feigning ignorance, studious nonresponse and not asking questions, telling untruths and giving ambiguous information, advising informally, not sharing and withholding information, and individual and institutional bullying. Documenting the concrete mechanisms of wilful organisational ignorance contributes to better understanding of this phenomenon and helps remedial action.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 1","pages":"4-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarrod Hughes, Claudia Turnbull, Scarlett Li, Jesse King, Leila Smith
{"title":"How do Indigenous students and their families define success in education? Reporting on the results of Indigenous-led qualitative interviews and participatory diagramming","authors":"Jarrod Hughes, Claudia Turnbull, Scarlett Li, Jesse King, Leila Smith","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indigenous education has long been considered a critical area to the fulfilment of Indigenous rights and the rectification of Indigenous socioeconomic exclusion. Several approaches have been adopted to try and lift Indigenous education outcomes, most of which have failed to reach their intended targets. These approaches have occurred with limited Indigenous control and have consistently fallen short in measuring what matters to Indigenous students and families. Little research has been conducted on how Indigenous students and their families in Australia define educational success, particularly within the urban context. If Indigenous education outcomes are to improve, policy needs to reflect the aspirations and values of Indigenous students and families. Underpinned by an Indigenous Research Methodology, this paper explores how Indigenous students and their parents/carers define educational success. It finds that definitions vary in significant ways to policy definitions. While educational success is typically indicated by narrow measures of attendance, academic achievement and Year 12 completion in policy, definitions of educational success of the Indigenous participants in this research is far broader. The findings of this paper suggest that policymakers need to look beyond the narrow targets currently used to measure educational success if outcomes for Indigenous students are to improve.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 2","pages":"637-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supporting young people transition from care to independence: Exploring the impact of coaching in Uniting's youth transitions programs","authors":"Victoria Flanagan","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When young people exit out-of-home care, they face high rates of social and economic marginalisation, as well as poor health and educational outcomes. Although there is limited longitudinal research available on the specific types of post-care support that are most effective, a number of smaller studies show that young people can avoid these negative life trajectories if provided with assistance and advice as they transition from care to independence. Uniting NSW.ACT delivers multiple programs designed to support young people as they transition from care to adulthood, including Foyer Central, the Extended Care Pilot Program, the Premier's Youth Initiative and Futures Support and Planning (led by the Burrun Dalai Aboriginal Corporation in partnership with Uniting). This article draws on evidence from the independent evaluations of each of these programs to explore the nature of the coaching relationship and to argue that it should indeed be adopted in NSW, due to its beneficial impact on young people and ability to help them achieve positive outcomes in housing, employment and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 3","pages":"701-718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital transformation of public employment services in the post-pandemic era. Evidence from Italy as a latecomer country","authors":"Stefano Sacchi, Gianluca Scarano","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Next Generation EU (NGEU) economic recovery package has set the conditions for unprecedented investment in policy areas considered of strategic importance by each Member State. This article focusses on the Italian case, characterised by long-lasting weaknesses in active labour market policies and public employment services (PES) to analyse whether, and under what conditions, resources and programming of the magnitude of NGEU may be able to lead toward PES digital transformation. Italy's plan to enact NGEU has allocated 5.4 billion euro to fund a regionally implemented program aimed at reforming Italian PES where digitalisation represents a key objective. Based on interviews with PES officials and document analysis, it is possible to understand the extent to which such massive investments can pave the way for effective digital transformation and consider what (and how) additional factors may further influence such process.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 2","pages":"456-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Not Yours to Reclaim”: White possessive logics and the Reclaim Australia movement of 2015–6","authors":"Ryan Al-Natour","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within settler colonial societies around the world, the racialisation of settlers of colour as “invaders” exemplifies how invasion paradoxes operate on Indigenous lands that remain both stolen and unceded. The Reclaim Australia movement was active in 2015–2016 and frequently denied its racism as it protested the presence of Muslims within Australian society. Whilst Islamophobia is a key defining feature of this movement, this article focusses on Reclaim Australia's persistent expressions of anti-Indigenous racisms. In analysing this racist movement, I point out that it is not enough to observe that racist invasion narratives among settlers on stolen, unceded Indigenous lands are paradoxical. Rather, that a series of white possessive logics shape these racisms, as the movement produced two dichotomous narrations of Indigenous peoples that involved a commodified “Aboriginal friend” trope, or framed First Nations peoples as ungrateful “beneficiaries” of the colonial project that is Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 2","pages":"574-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Jones, Luke Cantley, Donna Quinn, Daniel Quinn, Craig Rigney, Jenny van der Arend
{"title":"Understanding well-being and safety for First Nations children and young people in the Riverland—Engaging with metic knowledge via a capability approach","authors":"Michelle Jones, Luke Cantley, Donna Quinn, Daniel Quinn, Craig Rigney, Jenny van der Arend","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aboriginal culture is both a strength and a protective factor for Aboriginal children; yet, we continue to see disparities in education, health and well-being outcomes. To improve outcomes for Aboriginal children and families, local cultural ways of knowing, being and doing need to be incorporated into policy and practice. The strength-based capability approach draws on the experiences, needs and values of people in context to understand the opportunities and freedoms to be and do what is culturally valued. Adopting a “capability approach,” First Nations peoples from the rural Riverland region of South Australia were involved in culturally safe yarning circles to explore aspirations for their children's well-being and safety. In doing so, a better appreciation of the personal, social, structural and environmental factors that impinge on the achievement of well-being and safety was possible. We highlight how a capability approach provides a valuable tool for engaging with and embracing metic knowledge in policymaking and practice. A more meaningful understanding of safety, well-being and “the good life” in a community is critical for ensuring that policy and practice efforts can be directed in ways that create outcomes desired by Community.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 2","pages":"621-636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A scoping review of non-binary research in “Australian” social sciences: Community, solidarity, resilience and resisting marginalisation","authors":"Lucy Nicholas, Sal Clark, Chloe Falzon","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.374","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-binary and genderqueer identities are increasingly discussed in public discourse and academia, but there remains a dearth of academic literature centred on non-binary people's lives and experiences. When non-binary people are included in research, it is frequently as an additive to explorations of trans identities and subsumed under the trans umbrella or treated as categorically indistinct. Much has been written from a clinical perspective, but the social sciences tend to discuss non-binary identity conceptually or as a proxy in theoretical arguments. Of the emerging sociological literature on non-binary identity, much is from the United States or the United Kingdom. Thus, this scoping review engaged with the corpus of research on non-binary people in “Australia” to consider social change and policy needs. We found much about the negative health impacts resulting from discrimination and barriers, emphasising the structural and systemic nature of the existing gender binary. However, the majority of these papers include a focus on how non-binary people actively participate in the collective creation of community, identity and safe spaces for affirmation. Resilience, coping strategies and solidarity were key themes and offer important insights into how the barriers identified can be ameliorated.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 4","pages":"971-987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina David, Sharlene Nipperess, Ilan Wiesel, Catherine Orian Weiss
{"title":"Experiences of people with disability living in permanent supportive housing in the context of the National Disability Insurance Scheme","authors":"Christina David, Sharlene Nipperess, Ilan Wiesel, Catherine Orian Weiss","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People with disabilities are more likely to be homeless than the general population and experience additional barriers to accessing housing. Despite this, there is limited research exploring the intersection of homelessness and disability, or the impact of responses such as permanent supportive housing (PSH) from the perspective of people with disabilities. This paper reports on research that explored the experiences of tenants with disabilities in a single site mixed tenancy PSH setting and the extent to which the housing and supports they received addressed psychosocial, welfare and health needs. The research also explored experiences of accessing Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) as well as other community supports designed to promote inclusion. We found benefits included a sense of stability and ‘home’ whilst challenges related to the limits of congregate housing for this tenant cohort and workforce capacity to manage significant complexity and competing needs. The findings highlight the need for trauma-informed practices and design, and commitment to workforce development and capacity consistent with tenant needs. We also identified significant challenges and barriers at the interface with the NDIS and other funded services with implications for more assertive in reach education, support and planning to promote community participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 4","pages":"1011-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barrie Shannon, Caroline Hart, Stella Koritsas, Keith McVilly
{"title":"“That grey area where no one can help”: The experience of younger people avoiding or leaving residential aged care who are not NDIS participants","authors":"Barrie Shannon, Caroline Hart, Stella Koritsas, Keith McVilly","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Living in residential aged care (RAC) can have deleterious effects on the health, well-being and social participation of younger people (<65 years of age). This research examined the barriers and enablers to leaving or avoiding RAC for Australian younger people who are not National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) participants. It reports on the findings from semi-structured interviews with 16 younger people living in, or at risk of entering RAC and 12 family members. The research revealed that most participants were opposed to younger people living in RAC, and many of those who were already living in RAC were dissatisfied with their lives. However, some in RAC reported feeling satisfied, and expressed fear that their needs would not be met elsewhere. The barriers and enablers to leaving or avoiding RAC related to funding to access services, help to navigate funding and services, and the availability of services in rural and regional areas. To best support younger people, there is a need for increased funding for the services required to live outside RAC, and assistance to navigate funding and services. Initiatives that address hesitancy to move from RAC, and to build capacity to help younger people imagine life outside RAC are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 4","pages":"995-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yarning for a purpose: Listening to how First Nations People define safety and wellbeing","authors":"Luke Cantley, Sarah Wendt","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Defining safety and wellbeing measurements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people can be difficult due to its subjectivity. This article discusses findings from yarning circles held with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples discussing these very definitions. It is argued through the findings; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge must be incorporated when defining safety and wellbeing measures such as connection to culture, family and housing.</p>","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"60 2","pages":"589-601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}