Australian Journal of Social Issues最新文献_第5页

Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health among young people in Victoria, Australia, during COVID‐19 lockdown 2019冠状病毒病封锁期间，种族主义和歧视对澳大利亚维多利亚州年轻人心理健康的影响

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.278

Kate Doery, Shuaijun Guo, Roxanna Jones, M. O’Connor, C. Olsson, Linette Harriott, C. Guerra, N. Priest

{"title":"Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health among young people in Victoria, Australia, during COVID‐19 lockdown","authors":"Kate Doery, Shuaijun Guo, Roxanna Jones, M. O’Connor, C. Olsson, Linette Harriott, C. Guerra, N. Priest","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.278","url":null,"abstract":"Racism and discrimination are fundamental determinants of health inequities, with young people particularly vulnerable. Since the onset of the global COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020, reports of racism and discrimination rose sharply. This study examined direct discrimination, vicarious racial discrimination, heightened vigilance, worries about experiencing racial discrimination, COVID‐19‐related stressors and their associations with young people's mental health during COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020. A community‐based, cross‐sectional online survey collected data from 363 young people aged 16–24 years living in Victoria, Australia, of whom 45.3% self‐identified as being from a multicultural background and 3.7% as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. 73.7% reported direct discrimination, 88.9% reported vicarious racial discrimination, 84.3% reported heightened vigilance, and 62.8% reported worries about experiencing racial discrimination. Half (51.3%) of the participants experienced one or two COVID‐19‐related stressors. 53.1% of participants reported moderate‐to‐high levels of distress or negative mood state. Experiences of direct discrimination, vicarious racial discrimination, heightened vigilance, worries about experiencing racial discrimination and multiple COVID‐19‐related stressors (3+) were associated with negative mood state, after adjusting for ethnicity, age, gender and socioeconomic position. Addressing racism and discrimination is critical to addressing health inequities for young people.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48013150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New directions in intergenerational child maltreatment research and responses: Knowledge gaps and recommendations 代际虐待儿童研究和对策的新方向：知识差距和建议

IF 2 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.281

Emma F. McKenzie, Emily Hurren, Stacy Tzoumakis, Carleen M. Thompson, Anna Stewart

{"title":"New directions in intergenerational child maltreatment research and responses: Knowledge gaps and recommendations","authors":"Emma F. McKenzie, Emily Hurren, Stacy Tzoumakis, Carleen M. Thompson, Anna Stewart","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajs4.281","url":null,"abstract":"While there is much research on the topic of child maltreatment more broadly in Australia, a nuanced understanding of intergenerational child maltreatment is needed to improve our responses. Little work has considered all four intergenerational patterns of child maltreatment: cycle maintainers (maltreated parents with maltreated children), cycle breakers (maltreated parents with non-maltreated children), cycle initiators (non-maltreated parents with maltreated children) and a comparison group (non-maltreated parents with non-maltreated children). We use this terminology to maintain consistency with international literature, but acknowledge that these terms minimise the complexity inherent in contact with child protection systems. Research has mainly focused on maintainers, which hinders our ability to appropriately support all families and limits our understanding of individuals breaking the cycle. This paper outlines key knowledge gaps and identifies strategic areas of focus for researchers and policymakers. There is an urgent need for more emphasis on building resilience and strengths, the provision of more integrated and holistic support for families, and consideration of sex differences. We highlight the need for more research on this topic, particularly led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and hope that the recommendations in this paper can be revisited and updated as this important research base grows.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"59 2","pages":"316-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49382749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resurgent prejudice: Responses to marriage equality in Australia 复活的偏见：澳大利亚对婚姻平等的回应

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.279

D. Betts, James Bennett

引用次数: 0

NDIS partnership working? Paradoxes, contested spaces and aspirations of disability leaders, family carers and disability services NDIS伙伴关系是否有效?矛盾，有争议的空间和残疾人领袖，家庭照顾者和残疾人服务的愿望

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.280

Christina David, Belinda Johnson, Paul Ramcharan

{"title":"NDIS partnership working? Paradoxes, contested spaces and aspirations of disability leaders, family carers and disability services","authors":"Christina David, Belinda Johnson, Paul Ramcharan","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajs4.280","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, a new Federal Labor government introduced an NDIA Act amendment and initiatives that indicate a reorientation to partnership working and integration of co-design principles. “Partnership working” reflects collaborative aspirations where parties commit to trust, shared goals and respect for diverse knowledges and experiences. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) espouses a partnership approach and rights-based values, yet the neoliberal emphasis on individual choice and marketisation within a social insurance model can privilege certain voices and produce adversarial processes and dynamics. Our focus group research with disability leaders, family carers and disability service professionals explored experiences in the NDIS planning phase with a focus on the extent to which partnership principles operated in practice. Our findings suggest embedded paradoxes; time and resources are required to build the trust and relationships central to interpersonal partnerships between individuals, carers and services but are undermined by organisational and structural factors such as workload pressures, administrative burden and adversarial practices produced in a cost containment context. Tensions in partnership working must also negotiate carers' workload and responsibilities with the autonomy of people with disability. We argue that partnership working is difficult to achieve where structural and systemic limitations and assumptions influence everyday practices. Partnership must operate from empowerment and relational, rather than transactional, principles if genuine participatory and inclusive practice is to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"59 1","pages":"227-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The normative nature of corporal punishment in Australia 澳大利亚体罚的规范性

IF 2 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.276

Laetitia-Ann Greeff

{"title":"The normative nature of corporal punishment in Australia","authors":"Laetitia-Ann Greeff","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajs4.276","url":null,"abstract":"Corporal punishment (CP) is the most common and socially normative form of violence perpetrated against children and is legal in the home and some other settings in Australia. CP was made a common practice through its introduction by European settlers and Christian missionaries during colonisation. Furthermore, the defence of reasonable chastisement became part of the Australian common law in 1860 and is still used in some jurisdictions. Other jurisdictions have enacted criminal laws that have entrenched the defence in legislation. This article gives a brief historical overview of the origin of CP in the English common law, the defence of reasonable chastisement and how these concepts came to be entrenched in Australian law and culture. Moreover, this contribution examines the recognition of children's rights in international law and the significant global impact this has had in elevating the status of children. Then, this article analyses the current legal framework and the permissiveness of CP in Australian states and territories. Consequently, it is argued that states and territories ought to repeal legislation that permits CP, and all jurisdictions should insert a positive statement into civil laws that CP is no longer acceptable as a disciplinary measure.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"59 3","pages":"620-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of alleged offending amongst Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young people in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1997–2019 1997-2019年澳大利亚北部地区土著和非土著青年涉嫌犯罪的模式

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.275

Vincent Yaofeng He, John R. Condon, Catia G. Malvaso, Tamika Williams, Leanne Liddle, Harry Blagg, Steven Guthridge

{"title":"Patterns of alleged offending amongst Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young people in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1997–2019","authors":"Vincent Yaofeng He, John R. Condon, Catia G. Malvaso, Tamika Williams, Leanne Liddle, Harry Blagg, Steven Guthridge","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.275","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajs4.275","url":null,"abstract":"In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are much more likely to be arrested, charged with criminal offences and imprisoned than other Australians. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders comprise 49% of young people in detention but only 5.8% of the Australian population aged 10–17. This study investigated changes between 1997 and 2019 in the interaction of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young people with the justice system in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. The prevalence of young people being charged with an alleged offence decreased by more than 60% between 1999 and 2001, co-incident with the introduction of the Juvenile Diversion Scheme in August 2000. Thereafter, for non-Aboriginal young people there was a small and temporary increase, but for Aboriginal young people prevalence increased almost back to pre-2000 levels by 2015 before starting to decrease. Aboriginal young people comprised 57% of those charged with any offence in 1997, rising to 88% in 2019. Further investigation is needed to understand the reasons for divergent trends in the prevalence of alleged offending for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal young people, which may include the role of diversion, differences in the nature of offences and systemic bias and racism.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"59 1","pages":"206-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47517747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A decade on: The achievements and challenges of the National Disability Insurance Scheme's implementation 十年过去了:国家残疾保险计划实施的成就与挑战

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.277

Helen Dickinson, Sophie Yates

引用次数: 0

Corporal punishment: Why the intentional use of violence against children is still acceptable 体罚：为什么故意对儿童使用暴力仍然可以接受

IF 2 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.274

Linda Savage

{"title":"Corporal punishment: Why the intentional use of violence against children is still acceptable","authors":"Linda Savage","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajs4.274","url":null,"abstract":"In Australia assaulting another person is a criminal offence. It occurs when one person strikes another person, applying force of any kind either directly or indirectly, without the person's consent. There is an exception. Children are specifically denied legal protection from intentional assaults when it is rebranded as corporal punishment. Successive governments have failed to act to provide children with the same protection from assault as adults despite repeated calls by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child to prohibit corporal punishment in all settings, and the robust body of evidence of the substantial harm it causes (Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016). This glaring inconsistency in the law, should cause us to question how far we have evolved in our attitudes and treatment of children. In particular just how deeply ingrained are attitudes and prejudices about children that rationalise or justify acts and omissions that harm them, and fail to protect their rights (Childism: Confronting Prejudice Against Children, Yale University Press, 2013). This paper will examine past and contemporary attitudes to children and the narrative that helps explains why policy makers and the community tolerate the use of physical force against children, and why a new narrative is needed.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"59 3","pages":"667-675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48782503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID‐19 stigma, Australia and slow violence: An analysis of 21 months of COVID news reporting COVID - 19污名、澳大利亚和缓慢暴力:对21个月COVID新闻报道的分析

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.273

Nichole Georgeou, Cymbeline Buhler King, Lilian Tame, C. Ergler, Robert Huish

引用次数: 0

Social science as social action to address inequalities 社会科学是解决不平等问题的社会行动

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Australian Journal of Social Issues Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.272

Zoe Staines, Kiah Smith, Stefanie Plage, Lutfun Nahar Lata, Suzanna Fay, Zhaoxi Zheng, Laura Simpson Reeves, Helen Beazley, Ella Kuskoff, Andrew Clarke, Glenys McGowan, Lynda Shevellar, Jonathan Prangnell

{"title":"Social science as social action to address inequalities","authors":"Zoe Staines, Kiah Smith, Stefanie Plage, Lutfun Nahar Lata, Suzanna Fay, Zhaoxi Zheng, Laura Simpson Reeves, Helen Beazley, Ella Kuskoff, Andrew Clarke, Glenys McGowan, Lynda Shevellar, Jonathan Prangnell","doi":"10.1002/ajs4.272","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajs4.272","url":null,"abstract":"In its most recent report, the Academy of the Social Sciences Australia (ASSA, 2021: 10) identified social inequality as a “grand challenge” for the social sciences, arguing that social scientists have a pivotal role to play in “understanding, addressing and guiding us towards a narrowing of a two-tier society.” Nevertheless, the social sciences continue to be regularly positioned as “soft” and esoteric in relation to the natural sciences, while also sustaining disproportionate funding cuts. In this article, we—a multidisciplinary group of social science researchers forming part of the Inequalities and Social Action Research Cluster based at The University of Queensland (Australia)—draw on the existing literature and our diverse experiences to reflexively consider how academic social scientists might play the active role that ASSA foresees to address social inequalities into the future. This includes by countering the inherent imperialism of the Western academy itself. We explore the roles, barriers and tensions that social scientists face and conclude by offering a framework of key strategies to improve the translational impacts of social science research for addressing social inequalities.","PeriodicalId":46787,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Social Issues","volume":"59 1","pages":"108-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajs4.272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0