Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension最新文献

{"title":"Advisor understanding of their roles in the advisory system: a comparison of governance structures in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, and New Zealand","authors":"J. Turner, F. Landini, Helen Percy, Marcos Gregolin","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1944233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1944233","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose Explore advisor understanding of their roles in advisory systems characterised by differing mixes of public and private funding and delivery. Methodology A systems perspective of advisory system governance is combined with an individual perspective of advisor roles. Data from a survey of 38 Australian, 19 New Zealand, 606 Argentine and 279 Brazilian respondents were analysed for statistical differences. Findings In all contexts, advisor priorities reflect state or industry goals. Where there is more private funding and delivery, advisors also prioritise farmer commercial goals. Under public extension funding and delivery, group methods and capacity building are emphasised to reach many farmers and realise public goals. Practical implications Advisors play a crucial role in reconciling competing national, industry and farmer goals at the farm-level. This emphasises participatory methods and intermediary positions in the advisory system to facilitate dialogue and support farmers to realise competing goals. A policy implication is public and industry funding is needed for advisors to engage with public and industry organisations to understand and contribute to policies and objectives they will be advising on. Theoretical implications Combining a systems perspective of country-level advisory system governance with an individual perspective of advisor roles highlights that advisor understanding of their roles are related to the public governance context in which they operate. Originality/value The advisor understanding of their roles in the advisory system is related to different governance of pluralistic advisory systems. This contributes to articulating advisory policies and practices to support coordination and inclusion in pluralistic advisory systems.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"29 1","pages":"3 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1944233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with employment intentions of agriculture school students in South Korea","authors":"Kyungin Kim, Anil Kumar Chaudhary, A. Han, Sang-jin Ma, Mark D. Threeton","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1942091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1942091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to explore the employment intentions of agriculture high school students in South Korea and to examine the factors associated with their employment intentions. Methodology: A survey was carried out among 1,750 students from six agriculture high schools. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: This study reveals that students are more likely to have employment intentions if (1) they perceive their employability positively, (2) they have lower educational aspirations, (3) their parents are unemployed, and (4) they positively perceive career education in schools. Practical Implications: This study highlights the importance of career education in strengthening students’ skills and employability. It also provides insights into the support students receive from schools to enhance their future employment prospects. Theoretical Implications: This study has implications pertaining to the necessity of a modified version of the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) model, which incorporates additional factors that reflect the social contexts of Korea or other countries. Originality: This study is one of the few studies examining factors associated with the employment intentions of agriculture high school students. Its findings could be a helpful resource to promote the employment of students and to address workforce challenges the agricultural industry faces.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"459 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1942091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44398346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues-360TM: an analysis of transformational learning in a controversial issues engagement initiative","authors":"Linda Pfeiffer, Neil A. Knobloch, M. Tucker, Monique Hovey","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1942090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1942090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose Unprecedented global challenges of the twenty-first century have highlighted the need for novel programs to train students in the skills necessary to address increasingly complex controversial science issues. Issues-360TM was developed as an innovative year-long co-curricular, issues engagement initiative designed to address this need. Design/methodology Two cohorts of undergraduate students (48) completed three self-reflections over the course of the year. These qualitative measures were inductively coded and analyzed, then triangulated with quantitative outcome measures. Findings Students demonstrated transformational movement across four levels of learning: questioning-self, open-mindedness, stakeholder awareness, and critical thinking (consistent with Mezirow’s meta-theory of transformational learning), and acquisition of five skills: active listening, emotional regulation, respectfulness, empathy and confidence. Theoretical implications This study shows that an innovative curriculum combining Transformational Learning Theory with skills training moves students through Mezirow’s ‘levels of learning’ while also enhancing their controversial issues engagement skills. Practical implications Evidence-based programing can prepare the next generation of agricultural and environmental professionals with the engagement skills necessary to meaningfully address the controversial science-based issues facing society. Originality/value In an environment where scientific issues are increasingly polarized, the innovative design of the Issues 360TM program enhances students’ ability to approach controversial issues with an open mind and the skills to meaningfully engage with others on contested environmental and agricultural issues. Few, if any, studies have demonstrated or tested the efficacy of educational programs combining skills training with Transformational Learning as foundational approaches to develop an effective undergraduate curriculum for controversial issues engagement.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"439 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1942090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48759649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing the performance of agricultural extension managers: a case study from Uganda","authors":"Angella Namyenya, M. Zeller, P. Rwamigisa, R. Birner","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the performance of agricultural extension managers and the factors influencing it in the case study of Uganda. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data was analysed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. Findings The amount of extension grant received and the education of the extension manager positively influence extension managers` performance, whereas voter turnout has the opposite effect. Practical Implications This study is important for understanding the institutional capacity to implement well-managed and effective public services, such as agricultural extension, which are significant for development. It presents a novel methodology for secondary data analysis, which could be applied to other fields and countries. Theoretical implications This study expands the theoretical boundary for analysing performance in agricultural extension by illustrating the use of unique performance indicators that have not been widely applied. The study contributes an innovative method to conceptualise the determinants of extension managers` performance using secondary data. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the performance of agricultural extension managers as the literature has thus far focused on agricultural field agents and organisations.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"363 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of privatised agricultural extension on downward accountability to smallholder tea farmers","authors":"R. Mbeche, G. Mose, J. Ateka","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the extent to which privatised extension service, which is premised to be demand-driven, delivers downward accountability to smallholder farmers who are both owners and users of agricultural services. Design/methodology/approach The research collected data through focus group discussions with smallholder tea farmers and key informant interviews after which the information were corroborated with semi-structured interviews with 104 smallholder farmers. Findings Our findings show that KTDA (Kenya Tea Development Agency) extension service has in recent years embraced methodologies that allow two-way information exchange and farmers’ involvement in planning, implementing and evaluation of extension programmes. While this transition has provided opportunities for increased accountability and empowerment of smallholder farmers, downward accountability is limited by among others; presence of multiple accountabilities, a heavy top-down governance structure, higher incentives for upward accountability, limited resourcing of extension delivery, excessive workload and unrealistic targets on the part of extension staff and weak extension–research–farmer linkages. Practical implications The findings of this study may be used by policymakers, extension practitioners and organisations delivering extension services to improve downward accountability and quality of advisory services Theoretical implications The paper contributes to the debate on outcomes of privatisation on extension provision using the accountability lens in an area dominated by perceptions on costs and payment for the services. Originality/value The literature on downward accountability on privatised extension services is lacking. The paper also extends the framework for assessing the performance of pluralistic extension services to develop and apply a framework for assessing downward accountability in privatised extension.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"341 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48566025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicative interventions for preventing the novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak: insights from Iran’s rural and farming communities","authors":"E. Karamidehkordi, S. Mousavi, Fariba Zamani-Abnili, Seyed Reza Es’haghi, J. Ghasemi, H. Gholami, A. Moayedi, R. Shagholi","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose The article explores how best agricultural extension and advisory services (AEAS) can contribute to communicative interventions in preventing the COVID-19 outbreak in rural and farming communities. Methodology An action research was conducted in Iran, as one of the top countries experiencing the COVID-19 outbreak. Findings A strategic communicative intervention campaign for preventing the COVID-19 outbreak was designed at national level through diagnosing the situation, planning, organising expert teams, producing appropriate information, and disseminating through social networks, mass media and interpersonal communications. Extension staff, many relevant institutions, most key rural informants, local leaders, facilitators, farmers and nomads received and exchanged this information. Practical Implications These communicative interventions can not only help health care service systems control the outbreak, but help rural communities increase their knowledge about the virus and health measures to participate in preventing further spreading of the virus, while continue their agricultural activities. Theoretical Implications Preventing and managing health-related crises require effective measures, including communicative intervention campaigns. The article shows how agricultural extension systems can contribute to crisis and emergency risk communication and can support health care efforts and enhance the competencies of rural communities during human health-related crises. Originality/Value The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which has transmitted to all parts of the world, including rural areas, can threaten food security and rural communities’ livelihoods. The study generates important insights about the process of extension interventions for enhancing these communities’ knowledge and skills to prevent and manage the virus transmission.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"275 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41803721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From parametric to non-parametric statistics in education and agricultural education research","authors":"J. Silva-Lugo, L. Warner, Sebastian Galindo","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1936089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1936089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose A literature research conducted in education and agricultural education journals published during a period of 10 years revealed that 98% of the studies used parametric analyses. In general, model assumptions were not tested, and statistical criteria were not followed to apply the parametric approach. The objective of this paper is to persuade researchers to use the most appropriate statistical analysis for their data. Design/Methodology/approach We present a case study in agricultural education where a parametric multiple linear regression (MLR) could be applied. A survey was designed to find out how Theory of Planned Behavior and Importance-Performance variables were associated to Behavioral Intent concerning landscape water conservation practices. Although model assumptions were not met, we initially carried out a MLR analysis based on the premise that the results could be reported descriptively if they were double cross-validated successfully. Findings The double cross-validation of the MLR was not successful, and model assumptions were not held even though the sample size was large. A quantile regression (QR) model fitted the data well. Theory of Planned Behavior and Importance-Performance variables were good predictors of Behavioral Intent, excepting Attitude. Practical implications Researchers must rely on statistical criteria to support decisions regarding the use of parametric or non-parametric procedures. Theoretical implications The adherence to best practices in the utilization of statistical procedures must be discussed as an ethical matter in research across all fields of science. Originality/value We demonstrate that imposing the Central Limit Theorem to use the MLR model is not the correct criterion to apply a parametric approach. We should use double cross-validation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"393 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1936089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43302681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situating demonstrations within contemporary agricultural advisory contexts: analysis of demonstration programmes in Europe","authors":"J. Ingram, H. Chiswell, J. Mills, L. Debruyne, Hanne Corremman, A. Koutsouris, Y. Alexopoulos, E. Pappa, F. Marchand","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932534","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The paper aims to examine interactions between demonstrations at programme level and Agricultural Advisory Services (AAS). It situates analysis of the demonstration programme activities within contemporary advisory contexts, asking: how do demonstration programmes interact with the AAS in which they are situated; and what role do demonstration programmes play in enhancing and contributing to the AAS? Methodological approach Data, pertaining to organisational arrangements, were collected using interviews and workshops representing 35 demonstration programmes across Europe. Themes from the literature together with emergent themes were used to progressively unpack and understand the interaction between the programmes and the AAS. Findings Demonstration organisational arrangements show different degrees of embedding in, and adapting to, the AAS. Embedding is being incorporated into existing formalised structures and is more likely in the AAS with a low level of pluralism. Adaptation occurs through collaboration, partnership and networking and is more likely in more pluralistic AAS. Practical Implications The need to support demonstration programmes to create more stable networks, to strengthen their linking role in the AAS, and to foster strategies for the progression of farmers’ learning was identified. Theoretical implications The paper contributes to the literature by providing insights at the demonstration programme level (as opposed to farm or event level) and revealing embedded and adaptive processes with many interdependencies between the programmes and AAS components. Originality This paper opens up new perspectives on understanding how demonstrations are positioned in contemporary AAS contexts, looking at AAS influences on delivering demonstrations beyond farm and event level methods.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"27 1","pages":"615 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International comparison of extension agent objectives and construction of a typology","authors":"F. Landini, J. Turner, K. Davis, Helen Percy, J. van Niekerk","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1936091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1936091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose To analyse and compare the extension objectives of individual extension agents across nine countries. Design/methodology/approach Extension agents from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Paraguay, and South Africa were surveyed using convenience sampling (n = 2707). A typology of extension agents with different profiles of objectives was built using data from five of the countries. Findings The most frequent individual extension objectives were to increase farmers’ knowledge through training, and productive modernisation of farms. Four types of extension agents were identified: the socially-engaged extension agent; the agricultural production and business expert; the trainer of subsistence farmers, and the pro-poor practitioner. Practical implications Researchers can use these results to analyse specific institutional settings, and extension institutions to reflect on the type of extension agent that best fit their institutional goals and to select practitioners accordingly. Theoretical implications Productive modernisation persists as a fundamental individual extension objective in many countries. Individual extension objectives are not stand-alone preferences but clusters of interrelated priorities, which do not necessarily coincide with those of extension institutions or national policies. Practitioners’ agency plays a key role in realising (or not) a fit between extension service offerings and demand for extension services, and contributes to a wider repertoire of advisory styles in extension systems than implied by extension institutional objectives. Originality/value This research adds to the literature by examining individual extension agents, rather than the institutional extension objectives, and providing a typology of agents with different profiles of objectives.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"415 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1936091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43836349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural interactive knowledge models: researchers’ perceptions about farmers’ knowledges and information sources in Spain","authors":"J. Cruz, L. Albisu, J. Zamorano, S. Sayadi","doi":"10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932537","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose Agricultural innovation implies sharing information between researchers and farmers. Acknowledging the value of the other partner’s knowledge is a preliminary step to facilitate agricultural interactive models. Traditionally, researchers’ knowledges have been dominant, and farmers’ knowledges have been underestimated. A large number of innovation papers pay attention to farmers’ attitudes, interests, perceptions, barriers or drivers to change their practices. However, there is not so much information about researchers’ point of view. The present paper analyses researchers’ perceptions about farmers’ knowledges and information sources. Design It is based on a survey of 156 agricultural researchers mostly from public institutions in Spain. Methodology/approach Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis (PCA) focused on researchers’ perceptions of farmers’ knowledges and information sources. Findings This paper finds that there are two distinct profiles of researchers according to their perceptions on the relevance of knowledges and information sources for farmers. However, both profiles shared the view of ‘own experience’ as a highly relevant source for farmers’ knowledges. Practical implications It advises how to promote knowledge sharing according to different researchers’ perceptions of farmers’ knowledges and information sources. Theoretical implications This paper classifies agricultural researchers according to their perceptions of farmers’ knowledges and information sources. This classification enriches the discussion about agricultural interactive knowledge models. Originality/value This paper pays attention to researchers’ perceptions of farmers’ knowledges and information sources. It particularly focuses on multi-actor approaches and the integration of farmers’ and researchers’ knowledges.","PeriodicalId":46772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":"325 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1932537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44343532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}