Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated with Consent and Opportunities to Increase Participation in the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Michael Guidea, Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, Heather A Hong, Antoine Dionne, Dilnur Kurban, Jijie Xu, Suzanne Humphreys, Christiana L Cheng, Nader Fallah, Dorothy Barthelemy, Sean D Christie, Daryl Fourney, A Gary Linassi, Adalberto Loyola-Sanchez, Jerome Paquet, Vidya A Sreenivasan, Andrea Townson, Eve C Tsai, Vanessa K Noonan, Andréane Richard-Denis","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00037","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci25-00037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disease-specific registries that record patient data are crucial in supporting research, guiding best practices, and optimizing resource allocation. Since 2004, the Canadian Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR) has collected data from over 10,000 individuals with SCI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to identify factors associated with consenting to RHSCIR and reasons for withdrawal to improve registry inclusivity and representativeness in persons with traumatic SCI (TSCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 4090 participants enrolled at RHSCIR acute facilities from 2009 to 2019. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: declined consent (DC), provided full consent (FC), or provided minimal consent and/or later withdrew consent (MWC). Due to the lack of available data for the DC group, descriptive and multivariable analyses focused on the FC and MWC groups to identify factors associated with full consent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4090 participants, 2998 (73.3%) were FC, and 856 (20.9%) were MWC. After adjusting for significant differences between the groups, older age and an absence of comorbidities were associated with a decreased likelihood of providing FC. Individuals living in the Atlantic provinces and Ontario showed a higher likelihood of FC than those in the Prairies. The primary reason for withdrawing was a lack of interest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies factors associated with participation and suggests strategies to increase recruitment and inclusivity in RHSCIR. By understanding registry participation, public health policies can be informed, resource allocation optimized, and patient care enhanced for individuals with TSCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 3","pages":"122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13460171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Outcomes and Controlling Confounding Variables in Exercise Intervention Trials for Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Gary J Farkas, Guillermo Mederos Hernandez, Tom E Nightingale, Glen M Davis, Mark S Nash","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46292/sci25-00086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Designing exercise intervention trials in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) requires purposeful outcome measure selection and control of confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article provides guidance to operationalize consensus recommendations from the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) Physical Activity Special Interest Group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We outline strategies to align outcome measures with study aims, ensure validity and reliability, and adapt testing protocols to accommodate functional limitations. Key domains include cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic capacity, muscular strength, patient-centered outcomes (e.g., quality of life), and functional performance. We emphasize standardized assessment procedures, staff training, and participant safety, particularly for individuals with injuries experiencing autonomic instability. Confounding variables, including injury characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and behavioral or environmental factors, are identified and addressed through protocol design, measurement, and analysis strategies. These include fidelity to a prior protocol design, eligibility criteria, stratification, standardized testing conditions, covariate adjustment, and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Engaging individuals with SCI and rehabilitation professionals (when appropriate) in the process of outcome selection enhances study relevance and translational impact. By implementing these recommendations, researchers can improve the validity, reproducibility, and clinical applicability of SCI exercise trials. Future work should focus on harmonizing protocols to enable pooled analyses, thereby advancing evidence-based guidelines for exercise programs specific to SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 2","pages":"19-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Evidence-based Recommendations for Exercise Intervention Studies Involving People with Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Kathleen A Martin Ginis","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46292/sci25-00134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Telenutrition Education and Counseling Protocol to Improve Diet Quality in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Adrianne Widaman, Benjamin Dirlikov, Ramya Gopalan, Shelley Wood, Maria Sol Casas, Kazuko Shem","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00125","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci25-00125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a leading cause of death for individuals living with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), with a mortality rate due to CMD being higher than individuals without SCI. Telenutrition (TN) interventions tailored to health and accessibility needs of individuals with SCI may mitigate cardiometabolic risks.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the development and validation of a telehealth-based medical nutrition therapy (MNT) within a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of modifying diets to improve cardiometabolic health in persons with chronic SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The adaptive module-based MNT education content was developed in 3 phases by a multidisciplinary team. The first phase entailed a literature review of SCI-specific clinical practice guidelines for CMD prevention for setting dietary goals. Phase 2 included the development of a framework for presenting the intervention components. The third phase focused on validating the readability and quality of the materials. The intervention and education content were designed to be delivered as part of an ongoing prospective, 1:1 block randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial among individuals with SCI living in the community. The TN counseling was designed to be delivered over a 3-month period, on a bimonthly basis through videoconferencing by a dietitian specialized in SCI. Diet quality across assessments is measured by the Healthy Eating Index, and dietary changes will be assessed at the conclusion of the ongoing clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed education content from this SCI-specific, evidence-based MNT intervention can be readily adapted in other research and clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 Suppl 1","pages":"232-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Functional Outcomes After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury From the SCIMS Database: Roles of Segmental Motor Strength, Ethnicity, and Health Literacy.","authors":"Shashwati Geed, Ana Valeria Aguirre Guemez, Suzanne Groah","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00113","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci25-00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify individual- and injury-specific factors associated with upper-extremity function at 12 months after spinal cord injury (SCI) among individuals with tetraplegia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study involving 16 SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) rehabilitation centers across the United States. The cohort was 77.4% male; 67.8% White; 25.0% Black/African American; 11.3% Hispanic. Mean age was 47.3±17.7 years. Outcome measures were the fine-motor and self-care domains of the Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI) at 12 months post injury. Least squares regression models examined associations of person-related (age, sex, race, ethnicity, admission weight, health literacy) and injury-related (bilateral upper-extremity motor scores, assessed through ISNCSCI) predictors. A follow-up mediation-regression analysis tested whether health literacy mediated the effect of Hispanic ethnicity on outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher right C5 and bilateral C8 motor scores were strongly associated with greater SCI-FI fine-motor function and self-care. Hispanic origin and lower health literacy predicted worse outcomes. Older age was additionally associated with lower self-care function. Mediation analyses showed no mediation effect; health literacy and Hispanic ethnicity were independent predictors of 12-month fine-motor and self-care SCI-FI scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fine-motor and self-care function is strongly influenced by right C5 strength for dominant arm reaching and right and bilateral C8 strength for grasp and bimanual prehension. Although improvement in segmental motor strength remains neurobiologically challenging and variable, health literacy is a modifiable factor that can be addressed early post-SCI to better support long-term functional outcomes. Because SCI-FI reflects patient-reported performance, enhancing health literacy may directly improve outcomes of greatest relevance to individuals with tetraplegia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 Suppl 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress After Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mark B Powers, Megan E Douglas, Kirstie Jones, Alexis K Evans, Librada Callender, Monica Bennett, Christa Ochoa, Claire Bird, Courtney Tran, Simon Driver, Rita Hamilton, Seema Sikka, Chad Swank, Neil Stewart, Gregory V Chauvin, Niroj Ari, Barbara O Rothbaum, Jessica A Rostockyj, Ann Marie Warren","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00124","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci25-00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) increases risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This condition often co-occurs with pain, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, reducing quality of life. Despite the clinical impact of these symptoms, early evidence-based psychological interventions have rarely been evaluated during inpatient rehabilitation. Brief Prolonged Exposure (Brief PE) is a 3-session adaptation of Prolonged Exposure designed to prevent or reduce PTSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 154, mean age = 50 years, range 18-87; 65% male) with traumatic or nontraumatic SCI were enrolled at a rehabilitation hospital; 148 were randomized to Brief PE (<i>n</i> = 75) or treatment as usual (TAU; <i>n</i> = 73). Brief PE participants received 3 60-minute sessions during their inpatient stay while TAU participants received standard psychosocial care. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity (PSSI-5) at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included PTSD diagnosis/severity (PSSI-5/PDS-5), pain (NRS-11), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), sleep disturbance (PROMIS-SD), resilience (CD-RISC-10), and quality of life (SCI-QOL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PTSD symptoms declined significantly in both groups (<i>P</i> = .003), with no Group × Time effect (<i>P</i> = .33). History of premorbid depression predicted higher PTSD severity (IRR = 1.84, <i>P</i> = .002). At 6 months, PTSD prevalence was lower in Brief PE (5.9%) versus TAU (9.3%), though nonsignificant. Significant Group × Time effects for average and usual pain (<i>P</i> = .032; <i>P</i> = .036) favored Brief PE, with 27% and 33% reductions versus 0% and 5% for TAU. Among Brief PE participants, 96% completed all sessions, with high satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brief PE was feasible, acceptable, and produced greater pain reduction than TAU. PTSD symptoms were also lower, though not significantly, suggesting promise for early psychological intervention after SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 Suppl 1","pages":"162-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Neurogenic Bowel and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions in Brazilians With Traumatic and Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Eliz Ferreira, Geyslane Albuquerque, Luís M M Sousa, Filipe Lopes, Ana Paula S Champs, Fabiana Faleiros","doi":"10.46292/sci26-00030","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci26-00030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurogenic bowel dysfunction and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction are often associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). In Brazil, studies and statistical data on these dysfunctions are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of neurogenic bowel dysfunction and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in Brazilians diagnosed with traumatic and nontraumatic SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a form was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data from medical records. The Mann-Whitney statistical tests were used for 2 independent samples, Pearson's chi-square test for categorical variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for more than 2 independent samples for quantitative variables. A logistic regression model was used to understand the factors associated with neurogenic bowel dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample comprised 1056 participants from all regions of Brazil. Of this sample, 60.90% had traumatic SCI, and 69.03% were male. The prevalence of neurogenic bowel dysfunction in the sample was 88%, and the prevalence of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction was 90.6%. Participants with traumatic SCI are more affected by neurogenic bowel and lower urinary tract dysfunction than those with nontraumatic SCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most people with SCI have neurogenic lower urinary tract and bowel alterations, especially those with traumatic SCI. Further studies are needed, and bowel and bladder reeducation programs should be provided in rehabilitation centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Home-Based FES Protocol for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Single-Center Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Juan Pablo Appelgren-González, Felipe Covarrubias-Escudero, Fabiola Balbontín-Miranda, Diego Fuentes Lagos, Begoña Urzúa Soler, Diego Parra, Florencia Vizcaya, Martina Casanova","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46292/sci25-00022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes sensorimotor deficits and functional impairments that compromise quality of life in people with SCI (PwSCI). Although neuroplasticity-based therapies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) are promising, accessibility barriers hinder their translation and long-term use.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of a home-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation protocol combining FES neuromodulation and virtual-based therapy for PwSCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty PwSCI received a hybrid intervention (synchronous and asynchronous), using a portable, app-based FES system with cloud monitoring. Outcome measures included SCIM-III, Motor Index Score (MIS), Timed Up & Go, five times sit-to-stand, and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) changes, along with feasibility and usability measures such as adherence, patient satisfaction, and heuristic analysis, among others.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Motor incomplete paraplegia (AIS C/D) showed significant SCIM-III improvements (Δ + 10 points, <i>P</i> < .001) and enhanced motor scores (MIS: Δ + 4 points, <i>P</i> < .001), along with high adherence (70%) and satisfaction (84%). AIS changes showed in 32.5% of the patients. Motor complete injuries exhibited limited gains, highlighting thresholds for residual plasticity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multidisciplinary protocol combining virtual therapy and FES may enhance motor recovery and independence in PwSCI, providing a scalable, accessible alternative to conventional rehabilitation. These results underscore the potential of technology-driven strategies to overcome barriers to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 2","pages":"76-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol for Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Using Targeted Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation to Treat Hypotension During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation in Individuals With SCI.","authors":"Jorge Chavez, Genevieve L Curtis, Joseph P Weir, Chung-Ying Tsai, Finn E Fox, Noam Y Harel, Lynda M Murray, Jacob A Goldsmith, Thomas W Sutor, Vincent Huang, Miguel X Escalon, Thomas N Bryce, Jill M Wecht","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00028","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci25-00028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has shown evidence of leveraging intact neural circuits to increase blood pressure (BP) in hypotensive people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim is to determine the safety and feasibility of using tSCS to promote seated systolic BP (SBP) within a target range of 110-130 mm Hg and to mitigate the fall in BP with transition to an upright position in hypotensive participants during acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) following SCI.</p><p><strong>Design/methods: </strong>Cathode placement on the spine will be randomized among 4 sites: T7/8, T9/10, T11/12, and L1/2. Mapping for other stimulation parameters includes waveform (monophasic, biphasic, pseudo-monophasic), frequency (30, 60, 120 Hz), use of a carrier frequency (0, 10 kHz), and stimulation amplitude (0-100 mA). Each mapping session will consist of 2 sit-up tests, one without stimulation followed by one with stimulation. During the sit-up test with stimulation, intensity will be slowly increased to 30 mA with continuous monitoring of BP, heart rate, pain, and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and autonomic dysreflexia (AD). Once 30 mA is reached, brachial BP will be monitored for 5 minutes. If below the target SBP range, stimulation intensity will be increased in increments of 5 to 10 mA until one of the following occurs: (1) SBP is within the target range, (2) stimulation is intolerable, (3) 100 mA is reached, or (4) stimulation is delivered for 30 minutes. Safety and feasibility will be measured by assessing burn frequency, pain level, and symptoms of AD and OH along with scheduling compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12926799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Reporting Practices for Research Involving Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation for Persons Living with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Garrison Lin, Amanda McIntyre, Emma A Bateman, Luxshmi Nageswaran, Stephanie Marrocco, David Collins, Dalton Wolfe","doi":"10.46292/sci25-00050","DOIUrl":"10.46292/sci25-00050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique aimed at improving voluntary movement, autonomic function, spasticity, and other complications in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this scoping review is to evaluate reporting practices relating to safety, stimulation parameters, and outcomes among studies employing tSCS among persons living with SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published up to December 2024. Eligible studies met these criteria: (1) full-length, English-language article; (2) SCI population aged 18+ years; and (3) tSCS intervention. Data extracted included study year, subject characteristics, design, outcomes, adverse events, and stimulation parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2267 studies retrieved from the search, 65 studies met inclusion criteria and were included for review. Of these, 13 (20%) were case studies, 14 (21.5%) were repeated measures, 18 (27.7%) were pre-post, and 20 (30.8%) were controlled trials. Missing stimulation parameters included total intervention time (20.0%), phase of tSCS (13.8%), and pulse width (12.3%). Less commonly omitted were stimulation frequency, time post SCI, total sessions, and session duration detail (all ≤4.6%). Repeated measures study design had the poorest overall reporting of parameters with intervention time missing in 57.1% (8 of 14) studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight a pattern of incomplete reporting across studies, particularly regarding intervention dosage parameters, which may limit the interpretability and reproducibility of results. A comprehensive reporting guide could improve study replication and ensure consistency in both research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46769,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation","volume":"32 2","pages":"110-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13215340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}