Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics最新文献

{"title":"Study of the Wildfire Effect on Local Atmospheric Parameters using Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"E. L. Loboda,&nbsp;I. A. Razenkov,&nbsp;M. V. Agafontsev,&nbsp;V. V. Reyno","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700970","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the results of an experiment on remote sensing of a smoke plume over a model fire with the use of a specialized lidar for detecting optical turbulence, which is based on the backscatter enhancement effect. Burning was 1600 m away, and the area of the model fire varied from 1, 9, and 25 m². During combustion, a lidar echo signal in the main receiving channel, which records aerosol scattering and the turbulent component, increased relative to an echo signal in the additional receiving channel, which records only the aerosol. The width of the smoke plume did not exceed 20 m; an increase in the main echo signal was observed immediately after the plume at distances of up to 600 m. In this experiment, a plume of warm smoke acted as a phase screen which changed the coherent structure of a laser beam. After the completion of intensive combustion, the temperature inside the plume rapidly decreased and the lidar recorded only the aerosol content. Appearance of two indicators in an echo signal, an increase in the aerosol concentration and strengthening of turbulence, clearly points out to a burning source. The lidar estimate of the structure characteristic of the refractive index <span>(C_{n}^{2})</span> at an altitude of 10 m above the combustion focus was compared with data of AMK-03 ultrasonic meteorological station at an altitude of 3 m and results of simulation of a grass-roots fire published earlier.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"725 - 731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Pulse Laser Fragmentation/Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Organophosphate Aerosol","authors":"S. M. Bobrovnikov,&nbsp;E. V. Gorlov,&nbsp;V. I. Zharkov,&nbsp;S. N. Murashko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700982","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700982","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) method is well known for its efficiency in detecting complex chemical compounds based on the fluorescence of their characteristic fragments. The method is applied, for example, to measuring the local content of nitrous acid and hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere, visualization of intermediate stages of combustion processes, remote detection of substances in the gaseous state in the atmosphere and condensed state on surfaces, etc. We present for the first time the results of the experimental study of a possibility of remote excitation of LIF of characteristic photofragments of a substance in an aerosol state in the atmosphere. The organophosphorus compound triethyl phosphate (TEP) was used as the test substance. It has been shown that synchronized two-pulse laser irradiation of TEP aerosol particles and their PO-fragments (phosphorus oxide molecules) makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the LF/LIF process by approximately seven times compared to single-pulse laser exposure. It has been established that formation of PO-fragments of TEP aerosol under the laser irradiation at a wavelength of 266 nm has a decaying exponential character with a characteristic time of 192.6 ± 20.2 ns. In terms of the nature of the time dependence of the formation of photofragments, the results obtained are fundamentally different from similar measurements for other compounds in gaseous and condensed states and motivate further research that will contribute to the development of the LF/LIF method.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"732 - 737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Period Variations in Microphysical Characteristics of Aerosol Nanoparticles in the Dry Steppe Zone of Southern Russia in Summer","authors":"D. P. Gubanova,&nbsp;O. G. Chkhetiani,&nbsp;L. O. Maksimenkov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700878","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aerosol nanoparticles play an active role in heterogeneous processes which change the optical and physicochemical properties of the atmosphere and the state of ecosystems and climate. Aerosol generation conditions, its geographical and seasonal features affect the microphysical characteristics of ultrafine aerosol. The work considers the first results of summer field observations of the microphysical characteristics of ultrafine aerosol particles in the near-surface air layer in the dry steppe zone of southern Russia in 2021 and 2022. Taking into account the synoptic and meteorological conditions, the daily variations in the concentration and size distribution of ultrafine aerosols (nucleation and Aitken modes and a transient subfraction) are studied, as well as their short-term variability. The permanent presence of Aitken particles at any time of a day and under any meteorological conditions is ascertained. Minimal concentrations of nucleation particles and Aitken particles are detected at night and in the early morning. The nucleation particle generation rate is typically the highest in the morning hours, when photochemical processes are active; this causes the morning maxima of concentrations of nucleation and Aitken particles. The concentration of transient subfraction particles increases during the nighttime. The features of the short-period variability of ultrafine aerosols are studied taking into account the general dynamics of daily aerosol generation and subsequent particle growth in the atmosphere, as well as through comparison with observations in other regions of the world. The results can be used for the study of the atmospheric composition and in chemical transport models to clarify the contribution of aerosols to the direct and indirect radiative effect and to climate change processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"644 - 655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Atmospheric Water Vapor Content Effect on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Radiative Forcing in the Troposphere and Stratosphere","authors":"K. M. Firsov,&nbsp;T. Yu. Chesnokova,&nbsp;A. A. Razmolov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700921","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700921","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to the IPCC-2021 Report on Climate Change, the atmospheric CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations have increased by around a quarter for the past 50 years. The CO₂ and CH₄ radiative forcing due to their concentration growth was calculated for mid-latitudes. The vertical profiles of temperature and humidity were taken from the ECMWF ERA-5 European reanalysis data. An effect of overlapping of H₂O absorption bands with CO₂ and CH₄ bands on the radiative forcing calculation results in the troposphere and stratosphere of midlatitudes with different water vapor content was studied by statistical methods. It was shown that absolute value of the CO₂ radiative forcing in the troposphere increases with the atmospheric water vapor content, whereas the CH₄ radiative forcing does not depend on the atmospheric total column water vapor.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"689 - 697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury in Atmospheric Air and Precipitation at the Monitoring Station Listvyanka (Southern Baikal Region) in 2022–2023","authors":"E. S. Lutskin,&nbsp;M. Yu. Shikhovtsev,&nbsp;Ye. V. Molozhnikova,&nbsp;V. A. Obolkin,&nbsp;O. I. Berdashkinova,&nbsp;T. V. Khodzher","doi":"10.1134/S102485602470088X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102485602470088X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is the predominant form of mercury in the atmosphere. As a result of deposition, it enters terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, where it is further transformed into the ecotoxicant methylmercury. The work studies GEM in atmospheric air and total mercury in atmospheric precipitation in the Southern Baikal region. Sampling was carried out at Listvyanka monitoring station (51.9° N, 104.4° E) in 2022–2023. The concentrations of mercury in air was measured with a RA-915AM mercury gas analyzer (St. Petersburg, Russia); the concentration of total mercury in precipitation was determined by PND F 14.1:2:4.271-2012 method A (permanganate mineralization) technique. The measured concentrations were statistically analyzed. During the period under study, the concentration of GEM in atmospheric air averaged 1.61 ng/m³; the pair correlation coefficient was 0.47 between Hg⁰ and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and 0.44 between Hg⁰ and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂); a strong positive correlation (&gt;0.9) between Hg⁰, SO₂, and NO₂ was found in 12 cases. For each episode of mercury concentration above 2.0 ng/m³, back trajectories of air masses were calculated using the HYSPLIT model. The trajectory analysis also confirmed our assumption of a common type of sources of mercury and trace gases. The weighted average content of total mercury in precipitation is 44 ng/L, the median value is 29 ng/L, and the maximum is 282 ng/L. The results supplement the existing ideas about mercury content in the atmosphere of the Southern Baikal region and show the mercury content in atmospheric precipitation on the Baikal shore to be comparable with the results obtained in urban agglomerations of Nepal, Canada, Korea, and China despite the significant distance of the measurement site from large cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"656 - 665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Processes in a Wind-Sand Flux on Desertified Areas","authors":"G. I. Gorchakov,&nbsp;A. V. Karpov,&nbsp;R. A. Gushchin,&nbsp;O. I. Datsenko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700854","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Desertified areas are the main source of dust aerosol. The emission and transport of dust aerosol in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere are markedly affected by electrification of the wind-sand flux. Electrical processes in a wind-sand flux have been studied experimentally. Based on data of synchronous measurements of the density of saltation electric currents and currents caused by transport of charged dust aerosol particles at heights of 4 and 12 cm in a desertified area in Astrakhan oblast, statistical characteristics of variations in the density and density moduli of these currents are calculated. It is shown that in a wind-sand flux in the height range from 4 to 12 cm, the density modules of saltation electric currents and currents caused by transport of dust aerosol decrease with height much more slowly (the logarithmic gradients are −0.025 and −0.07 cm⁻¹) than the concentration of saltating particles (the logarithmic gradient is −0.32 cm⁻¹). It is confirmed that the moduli of saltation electric current density correlate with each other and with the wind speed in the surface air layer more closely than the current densities themselves. The results obtained are of interest in developing models of dust aerosol emission in desertified areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"630 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements and Calculations of the Coefficients of N2O Line Broadening and Shift by Air Pressure in the (0002) ← (0000) Band","authors":"L. N. Sinitsa,&nbsp;V. I. Serdyukov,&nbsp;T. A. Nevzorova,&nbsp;A. S. Dudaryonok,&nbsp;N. N. Lavrentieva","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700805","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700805","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate measurements of the concentration of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, in the Earth’s atmosphere are important for modeling the radiation balance of our planet. The work presents the measured broadening and shift coefficients of N₂O lines by air pressure at room temperature for 82 rovibrational transitions in the (00⁰2) ← (00⁰0) band; the rotational quantum number <i>m</i> varies from 3 to 54. The measurements were carried out with a Bruker IFS-125M Fourier transform spectrometer with a spectral resolution of 0.0056 cm⁻¹. The calculated line-broadening and shift coefficients were obtained using a semiclassical method modified by introducing a correction factor in the calculation scheme. Our parameters are compared with those presented in the literature and in modern spectroscopic databases. A vibrational dependence of the line halfwidths is revealed for the ν₃ stretching vibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"585 - 592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variability of the Main Optically Active Components of the Marine Environment According to Remote Sensing and Simulation Data","authors":"T. Ya. Shul’ga,&nbsp;V. V. Suslin","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700891","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700891","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of the study is to describe the seasonal variability of optically active components in the Sea of Azov based on data from the combined MODIS-Aqua/Terra satellite observation product and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The paper discusses the results of testing a method for retrieving missing data in remote sensing images from the results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation. The method has been tested for four main biooptical parameters: the concentration of chlorophyll-<i>a</i> and pheopigments (TChl), coefficients of light absorption by phytoplankton pigments (<i>a</i>_ph(678)) and non-living organic matter (<i>a</i>_CDM(438)), and light backscattering coefficient (<i>b</i>_bp(438)). The results derived from the combined product were compared with in situ observations carried out in April–May 2019 at the scientific research vessel Professor Vodyanitsky. The deviations of the average TChl values according to MODIS and simulation data from in situ observations was 1.8 and 2.2 mg m⁻³, respectively. The analysis of the calculated series of main biooptical parameters derived through regular assimilation of MODIS data into a hydrodynamic model made it possible to ascertain their seasonal variability in the central part of the Azov Sea in 2019. Among the biooptical parameters under study, the pronounced seasonal variability of TChl stands out with, an average annual of 2.98 ± 1.22 mg m⁻³. Changes in <i>a</i>_CDM(438) and <i>b</i>_bp(438) are characterized by two periods of maximal values: spring (March–May) and autumn (August–October), with corresponding annual averages of 0.42 ± 0.15 and 0.10 ± 0.03 m⁻¹. Maximal changes in <i>a</i>_ph(678) are observed from July to October with an annual average of 0.04 ± 0.03 m⁻¹. The suggested approach uses advantage of remote sensing data, which expand the capabilities of operational oceanological monitoring, and simulation data, which enable filling gaps in these data. The results provide complete continuous data sets on the distribution of main biooptical indicators, which are crucial in predicting the ecological state of sea basins.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"666 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrational Energy Levels for Sulfur Dioxide Isotopologues","authors":"K. K. Sharybkina,&nbsp;O. V. Naumenko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024700817","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024700817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For five isotopologues of the SO₂ molecule: ³²S¹⁶O₂, ³⁴S¹⁶O₂, ³³S¹⁶O₂, ³²S¹⁸O₂, and ³²S¹⁶O¹⁸O, parameters of the effective vibrational Hamiltonian are derived from fitting to the available experimental data, as well as using the basic relations of the isotope substitution theory. Vibrational constants obtained from the fit reproduce the experimental vibrational energy levels within 0.025 cm^–1 for symmetric isotopologues. The obtained vibrational energy levels are compared with the variational calculation, and the quantum numbers for 93 vibrational states are corrected.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"593 - 604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Estimation of the Atmospheric Turbulence Parameters Using the Angle-of-Arrival Covariance Function","authors":"F. Bennoui,&nbsp;D. Bahloul","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024060010","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024060010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 5","pages":"742 - 742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}