Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the Neglect of Non-Lambertian Earth Surface Reflectance on the Error in Its Retrieval from Satellite Data","authors":"M. V. Tarasenkov,&nbsp;V. V. Belov,&nbsp;A. V. Shesterikova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701155","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acquisition of high-quality satellite information is important for solving a wide range of problems in monitoring the Earth surface, such as estimation of forest health, agricultural productivity, and others. To perform accurate atmospheric correction (elimination of the distorting influence of the atmosphere) of satellite images of the Earth surface, it is crucial to consider various factors that influence received signals, including non-Lambertian surface reflectance (the difference between surface reflection and Lambert’s law according to which radiation is equally reflected in all directions and depends only on the irradiance of the surface and the reflectance). In some algorithms, non-Lambertian reflection is taken into account after solving a problem in the Lambertian reflection approximation. In this case, the assumption is used that the adjacency effect (i.e., the effect of received radiation reflected from surface areas adjacent to the observed one and scattered in the atmosphere) is formed only by Lambertian surfaces. Our calculations show that at meteorological range of visibility <i>S</i>_M ≤ 6 km, neglect of contribution of non-Lambertian reflection produces an error in the reflectance of no higher than 20.3%; neglect of non-Lambertian reflection into the adjacency effect and additional illumination results in an error of no more than 12%; and neglect of non-Lambertian reflection in additional illumination, of no more than 1.4%. For a more transparent atmosphere (<i>S</i>_M ≥ 6 km), the maximal errors for similar models do not exceed 92, 14, and 1.2%, respectively. For the solar zenith angles θ_sun ≤ 60° and the angles of the optical axis of a receiving system θ_<i>d</i> ≤ 60°, the errors do not exceed 30, 7.5, and 1%, respectively. The results prove the possibility of considering non-Lambertian reflection after taking into account the adjacency effect and additional illumination of the Earth surface in the Lambertian reflection approximation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"192 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonally Polarized and Double-Resonant Nd:YAG Lasers Pumped by Birefringent Dual Points","authors":"Yunxia Liu,&nbsp;Dawei Zhang,&nbsp;Jianlang Li","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700223","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated a dual-point pumped Nd:YAG laser that emits two beams, where the dual-point pumping occurs through the birefringent walk-off effect of pump light in a uniaxial crystal. By using dual-point pumping, two-beam and parallel oscillations were obtained, where the two beams were orthogonally polarized, and the polarization direction of each beam was identical to that of the corresponding pumping point. The polarization extinction ratio of an ordinary light pumped beam was 31.75 dB, and the polarization purity of extraordinary light pumped beam was 31.25 dB. Compared to that of conventional single-point pumps, the slope efficiency of the output power increased from 16% to 22%, and the maximal output power increased from 1.05 to over 1.66 W. The effects of polarization of dual-point pump light on the power, efficiency, and polarization of the two-beam output were experimentally analyzed. The performance of this dual-point pumped laser was also compared with that of a single-point pumped laser, and the results revealed its capability of increasing the output power.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 4","pages":"497 - 503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover of Baikal Natural Territory","authors":"I. I. Marinaite,&nbsp;V. L. Potyomkin,&nbsp;M. Yu. Shikhovtsev,&nbsp;Ye. V. Molozhnikova,&nbsp;T. V. Khodzher","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700939","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700939","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Snow cover can serve an indicator of winter pollution of the atmosphere in a region. The spatial distribution of accumulation levels of 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the snow cover of Baikal Natural Territory in winter 2021/2022 is analyzed; associated environmental risks are estimated. PAHs were extracted from the filters with hexane and then quantified with the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The highest PAHs concentrations (14–3400 μg/m²) were found in industrial cities of the Baikal Region, and the lowest ones (2.0–7.7 μg/m²), on the lake ice in the Northern Baikal basin. Lower PAH accumulation levels in snow from Lake Baikal as compared to cities points to minimal winter transport. The total PAH input to the surface of Lake Baikal was 128.8 kg. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and retene were the most prevalent individual compounds in cities. Factor analysis was used to identify three groups of PAH sources entering the snow cover: large thermal power plants and transport (58–72%), small boiler facilities (~24%), and stove heating (~6%). The calculated diagnostic ratios (fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) and benzo(a)pyrene/benzo(g,h,i)perylene) indicate the prevailing contribution of pyrogenic stationary sources and motor vehicles in settlements of the Baikal Natural Territory and Southern Baikal and the prevalence of petrogenic sources in the Northern Baikal. The degree of snow cover pollution with PAHs was assessed using the ecological risk coefficients (<i>RQ</i>). A high contribution to the total coefficients is made by benzo(b)fluo‑ranthene (<i>RQ</i>_max = 39–1840), benzo(k)fluoranthene (<i>RQ</i>_max = 4–250), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (<i>RQ</i>_max = 4–205), indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (<i>RQ</i>_max = 4–170), and benzo(a)pyrene (<i>RQ</i>_max = 4–93). The environmental risk was high (<i>RQ</i>_max = 1–1800) in industrial zones of cities in the Baikal region and moderate (<i>RQ</i>_min = 1–100) in the Baikal region. The results can be used by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia to develop measures to reduce PAH emissions in the region and minimize environmental risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"40 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustment of Color Indices for the Far East Region with the Use of MUMM Atmospheric Correction","authors":"A. I. Aleksanin,&nbsp;M. A. Lebedev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700952","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biooptical parameters of seas of the Far East region retrieved from the MODIS/AQUA radiometer data are analyzed. The results of two main atmospheric correction algorithms, which are based on the assumptions of the absence of water-leaving radiance in the near-IR spectral bands (NIR) and the stability of the sea water spectral shape in this range (MUMM) are compared. Verification was carried out with the use of data from Japanese and Korean AERONET-OC stations. An approach to improving the results of MUMM atmospheric correction via regional adjustment of the color indices is considered. The MUMM correction after adjustment is not inferior to NIR correction in terms of the calculation accuracy of chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration. It is found that the recommended NIR correction yields negative values of the remote sensing reflectance <i>Rrs</i> at a wavelength of 412 nm in 10% of cases. These cases correspond to highly trophic waters and are accompanied by an overestimation of the chlorophyll-a concentration by an average of 1.8 times. The suggested correction of color indices does not yield negative <i>Rrs</i> values and provides significantly lower errors in the color indices in the blue spectral range than the NIR algorithm. The suggested approach ensures more reliable estimates of biooptical parameters of seas based on satellite data.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"56 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Coherence Function of a Spherical Wave in a Turbulent Atmosphere. Analysis Based on the Wave Equation","authors":"V. A. Banakh,&nbsp;E. D. Zaloznaya,&nbsp;I. V. Zaloznaya,&nbsp;A. V. Falits","doi":"10.1134/S102485602570085X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102485602570085X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the representation of the solution of the stochastic Helmholtz wave equation in the form of a path integral (Samelsohn G., Mazar R., Phys. Rev. E. 1996. V. 54, N 5), an expression for the spatial coherence function of a spherical wave propagating in a turbulent atmosphere is derived. The calculations are carried out using the Kolmogorov model of the fluctuation spectrum of dielectric permittivity under the assumption that the geometrical optics approximation is valid for a random wave phase increment in the path integral. Estimates of the corrections to this approximation on the order of magnitude are found. The derived formula has no limitations on the wavelength and the angular separation between the observation points, which arise when using the parabolic and Markov approximations. The error in estimating the radius of spatial coherence in the parabolic approximation, which is due to wave front sphericity upon an increase in the angular separation of the observation points, is calculated. It is shown that the error increases with the wavelength, and for millimeter and longer waves, it can lead to an overestimation of the scale of spatial coherence of a spherical wave by several times.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of Molecular Nitrogen Triplet Bands at Low Air Pressure","authors":"V. F. Tarasenko,&nbsp;N. P. Vinogradov,&nbsp;E. Kh. Baksht,&nbsp;A. S. Kirillov,&nbsp;V. A. Kirillov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701027","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-altitude atmospheric discharges strongly affect the origination and movement of charged particles in the Earth’s atmosphere, in particular, impact communication lines. Their variability and the complexity of the related physical processes cause the interest to them among researchers all over the world. This work studies the kinetics processes of molecular nitrogen triplet bands in air at pressures of 0.03–1 torr. Simulation results and experimental measurements show the dependence of the ratios of the spectral density of radiation energy of four bands of the first positive system of nitrogen to two bands of the second positive system of nitrogen, i.e., an increase in the ratio with a decrease in the air pressure. This dependence is because of an increase in the rate of quenching B³Π_g state of nitrogen molecules with an increase in the air density. These results explain a change in the color of red sprites with a decrease in the altitude above sea level starting from about 50 km.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"91 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Cloud Merging on Extreme Precipitation Formation in St. Petersburg","authors":"A. A. Sinkevich,&nbsp;I. A. Tarabukin,&nbsp;A. B. Kurov,&nbsp;I. E. Yusupov,&nbsp;M. L. Toropova,&nbsp;Yu. P. Mikhailovskii","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700976","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700976","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work is devoted to studying the role of cloud merging in the formation of hazardous weather phenomena. Characteristics of a convective cloud with heavy rainfall over St. Petersburg and Leningrad oblast on July 1, 2023, are considered. The analysis is based on data of the weather radar DMRL-C, weighing precipitation gauges Pluvio² 200, and two lightning detection networks. The occurrence and development of the <i>Cb</i> under study was a result of merging two convective clouds. During their development the clouds slowly converged moving towards St. Petersburg from the southwest. Measurements have shown that the cloud merging led to explosive growth of the cloud top up to an altitude of 13.4 km and significantly increased the maximal reflectivity up to 69 dBZ, the volume of the cloud’s supercooled part with high reflectivity, the volume of the cloud with graupel and hail, precipitation intensity up to 140 mm/h, and the frequency of lightning. The occurrence of “a cloud bridge” was recorded, which consisted of graupel and wet snow particles. Our results indicate the importance of considering the cloud merging in nowcasting the hazardous weather phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"73 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric Aerosol Research in the Drifting Expedition North Pole-41: 1. Optical and Microphysical Characteristics","authors":"S. M. Sakerin,&nbsp;D. M. Kabanov,&nbsp;I. A. Kruglinsky,&nbsp;D. D. Rize,&nbsp;Yu. S. Turchinovich","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700903","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700903","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The composition of atmospheric aerosol and its quantitative characteristics in the near-polar area of the Arctic Ocean (AO) are poorly studied. In the drifting expedition “North Pole-41” we carried out for the first time an extended (October 2022–May 2024) cycle of the complex aerosol studies at high latitudes of the AO (81°–88.5° N). The average mass concentration of black carbon (еВС) in the surface air layer over 20 months of measurements was 19 ng/m³; volume concentrations of submicron (<i>V</i>_<i>f</i>) and coarse (<i>V</i>_<i>с</i>) aerosol were 0.41 and 0.65 μm³/cm³, respectively. The aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere at a wavelength of 0.5 μm and the Ångström exponent in the spring periods of 2023 and 2024 were, on the average, 0.095 and 1.52, respectively. In our data, the seasonal variations in the aerosol and black carbon concentrations were well manifested, similar to more southern areas of the AO. The concentrations were maximal in spring (еВС = 29 ng/m³, <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> = 0.61 μm³/cm³, <i>V</i>_<i>c</i> = 0.77 μm³/cm³) and minimal in June–October (еВС = 11 ng/m³, <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> = 0.13 μm³/cm³, <i>V</i>_<i>c</i> = 0.26 μm³/cm³). Despite the qualitative similarity of the seasonal variations, the average aerosol characteristics in the near-pole area were severalfold lower than the long-term data in more southern regions of the ocean and at polar stations (Barentsburg and Cape Baranov). Our results introduce a quantitative certainty to the regularities of the spatial and seasonal aerosol variations in the high-latitude AO regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"16 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual and Seasonal Variability of the Aerosol Optical Depth of the Atmosphere at the Mirny Station (Antarctica)","authors":"D. M. Kabanov,&nbsp;I. A. Kruglinsky,&nbsp;S. M. Sakerin,&nbsp;O. P. Sidorova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700915","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700915","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aerosol turbidity of the atmosphere over Antarctica is the lowest on the planet. However, it shows regional peculiarities in the temporal variability. In this paper, the main features of the interannual and seasonal variations in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) are revealed on the basis of the analysis of its long-term measurements at the Mirny Station. Pronounced variations in the interannual variability of AOD (0.5 μm) with a period of 5–6 years and amplitude of 0.005 relative to an average of 0.023 are shown. The annual variation in AOD of fine aerosol is characterized by spring and summer maxima (October and February), and the annual variation in AOD of coarse aerosol has one summer maximum. Approximation formulas are suggested that make it possible to estimate the monthly average values of spectral AOD in the wavelength range 0.34–2.14 μm.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"24 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1024856025700915.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lidar Study of the Thermal Regime of the Middle Atmosphere over Tomsk in 2023–2024","authors":"V. N. Marichev,&nbsp;D. A. Bochkovsky","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700927","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700927","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work studies the thermal regime of the middle atmosphere based on results of lidar monitoring of the atmosphere over Tomsk in winter 2023/24. For that period, 90 temperature profiles were calculated from lidar returns of molecular (Rayleigh) and spontaneous Raman scattering in the altitude range from 10 to 70 km. The annual cycle of the vertical temperature distribution (VTD) is characterized by stratospheric warmings in winter, their destruction in spring, and VTD stabilization in warm season and destabilization in fall when transiting to the winter stratospheric warming phase. The vertical temperature distribution in April–October mainly well agrees with the model distribution. Our results are interesting for understanding climate changes in Western Siberia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"33 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}