{"title":"Control of the Spectral Composition of Coherent Radiation on Molecular Nitrogen Ions in Laser Plasma Using Two-Color Pumping","authors":"I. A. Zyatikov, V. F. Losev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701380","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, laser sources created in airborne laser plasma by powerful femtosecond radiation pulses have been rapidly developing. This work studies coherent radiation generation on <span>({text{N}}_{2}^{ + })</span> ions in laser plasma using two-color pumping at λ = 950 and 475 nm. It is shown that the addition of second harmonic radiation, wavelength of which is closer to the lasing lines on <span>({text{N}}_{2}^{ + })</span> ions compared to the first harmonic, increases the intensity and stability of supercontinuum radiation which acts as seed radiation for the lasing. Such pumping allows lasing on new lines and controlling the intensity and spectral composition of the generated radiation. The results can be useful for establishing the way(s) of creating population inversion in laser plasma on molecular nitrogen ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 1","pages":"118 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. S. Rakitin, Yu. A. Shtabkin, N. S. Kirillova, E. I. Fedorova, A. I. Skorokhod
{"title":"Response of Atmospheric Composition Trends in 2003–2019 to Climate Changes in Eurasia","authors":"V. S. Rakitin, Yu. A. Shtabkin, N. S. Kirillova, E. I. Fedorova, A. I. Skorokhod","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701574","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701574","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of GEOS-Chem chemical-transport model (CTM) simulation of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) total column (TC) trends over Eurasia for different periods and seasons during 2003–2019 are presented. Calculations were conducted for different scenarios of anthropogenic and wildfires emissions. The model trend distributions for all of three gases are compared with estimates obtained from satellite AIRS and OMI data. The TC trends for CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> are quite well reproduced by the model, both in terms of the overall domain and the specificity of the regional trends, but the trend values are generally overestimated compared to the AIRS v6 satellite data, especially for CO in polluted regions (China and Southeast Asia). A possible reason for such discrepancies could be the uncertainties in the anthropogenic and wildfire inventories used. The response of CO TC trends to global changes has been estimated. One of the possible reasons for the positive dynamics of the CO trend after 2008 could be a global increase in methane concentrations, which started around 2007, and additional CO production from methane oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S67 - S71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. F. Tarasenko, N. P. Vinogradov, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, D. A. Sorokin, E. Kh. Baksht
{"title":"Experimental Simulation of Non-uniformity in Column Sprite Glow","authors":"V. F. Tarasenko, N. P. Vinogradov, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, D. A. Sorokin, E. Kh. Baksht","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701598","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plasma diffuse jets (PDJs) generating in low-pressure air are experimentally studied. We consider them as a laboratory model of column red sprites. It has been established that red-colored radiation of a positive column of a glow discharge is superimposed on streamer radiation in a PDJ with an increase in the discharge current duration. The positive column in some cases can consist of periodic bright regions. Based on the experimental results, an explanation is suggested for the following phenomena observed in red columnar sprites: (1) the emergence of a region with a brighter luminescence (“glow”) in the upper part of the column sprites; (2) the appearance of bright dots (“beads”) after the passage of the front of the first streamers forming the column sprites.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S183 - S191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Molkov, E. S. Koltsova, G. V. Leshchev, I. A. Kapustin, A. V. Ermoshkin, V. V. Pelevin, B. V. Konovalov, A. N. Drozdova, A. M. Chushnyakova
{"title":"Spatial Variability of Bio-Optical Characteristics in the Upper Water Layer of the Middle Volga in September 2023 Based on Lidar Data","authors":"A. A. Molkov, E. S. Koltsova, G. V. Leshchev, I. A. Kapustin, A. V. Ermoshkin, V. V. Pelevin, B. V. Konovalov, A. N. Drozdova, A. M. Chushnyakova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701537","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The remote sensing of inland waters has begun to rapidly develop with the recent setting into operation of high- and medium-resolution satellite constellation Sentinel, as well as the introduction of machine learning to data processing and analysis. However, the collection of large arrays of in situ data remains a weakness due to the significant diversity of inland waters, seasonal features, and the strong influence of meteorological conditions and hydrology. As a possible solution, this paper considers the collection and investigation of bio-optical characteristics of the upper water layer with the use of UFL-9 fluorescent shipborne LiDAR with meter resolution in a 1000 km section of the middle Volga from Nizhny Novgorod to Bolgar (close to Ul’yanovsk) as an example. Continuous measurements were performed on September 9–17, 2023, from a moving boat. Based on the obtained LiDAR data, chlorophyll “a”, suspended matter, and the absorption coefficient at 440 nm as an indicator of colored dissolved organic matter were mapped and described. The ranges of their variability and effects of inflows and meteorological conditions are analyzed. The results expand previous knowledge on the bio-optical characteristics of middle Volga and its variability on different spatial and temporal scales and contribute to the solution of the problem of developing bio-optical models for the Cheboksary and Kuibyshev reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S144 - S152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of Fluxes of Lead, Cadmium, and Elemental Carbon from the Atmosphere to the Coastal Zone of the Southeastern Part of the Baltic Sea","authors":"V. Yu. Topchaya","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701628","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fluxes of lead, cadmium, and elemental carbon from the atmosphere to the coastal zone of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea were assessed. The highest values of lead (11 341 μg m<sup>−2</sup> month<sup>−1</sup>) and cadmium (682 μg m<sup>−2</sup> month<sup>−1</sup>) fluxes were revealed in the summer season, while those of elemental carbon (0.69 mg m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) were noted in spring. According to field measurements over a 15-year observation period (2008–2022), the annual average fluxes into the coastal zone of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea were 4.1 kg km<sup>–2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for lead and 0.02 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for cadmium. The calculated annual average fluxes amounted to 3.8 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for lead and 0.03 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for cadmium over the region under study. Cadmium emission was inconsiderable in the region. The annual average lead flux, according to field data, was 9% higher than its emission values calculated with the EMEP database. The lead fluxes obtained from both field data and calculations significantly exceed its background level of 1.86 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. In rainfall over the spring-summer periods of 2019–2022, the average concentration of elemental carbon was more than two time lower than the content of organic carbon. The flux of elemental carbon was characterized by seasonal and interannual variability. The increase in the content of elemental carbon in atmospheric precipitation over the spring season was due to anthropogenic load from local sources, namely, spring grass burning in the region. The ecosystems of the coastal zone of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea experience the greatest anthropogenic load through the atmosphere over spring and summer with an increase in the flux of elemental carbon, lead, and cadmium.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S87 - S93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. P. Lukin, P. A. Konyaev, A. G. Borzilov, E. L. Soin
{"title":"Adaptive Image Correction System for a Large-Aperture Solar Telescope","authors":"V. P. Lukin, P. A. Konyaev, A. G. Borzilov, E. L. Soin","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701471","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results of processing experimental data obtained during expeditions in 2011 and 2023 on the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT) are analyzed. An adaptive multi-circuit system for stabilizing the light flux and correcting distortions of images of the solar photosphere under conditions of moderate and strong atmospheric turbulence was tested. To eliminate jitter caused by vibrations of the telescope’s siderostat and the influence of the atmosphere, a wavefront tilt corrector was used in the first circuit of the system. Spectral analysis of the measurements showed that at high wind speeds, the light beam is deflected mainly under the action of the vibration of the telescope’s siderostat with a frequency of about 8 Hz and maximum amplitude of up to 10 arcseconds. In calm weather, the spectra of random jitter have a power-law dependence on frequency, characteristic of the atmosphere. To eliminate blur and improve image quality, specially created software was used for computer processing of digital video frames in real-time observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S18 - S25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. V. Makarova, D. V. Ionov, S. Ch. Foka, A. V. Poberovsky, A. V. Polyakov, Kh. Kh. Imkhasin, V. S. Kostsov
{"title":"Stationary and Mobile Monitoring of the Column and Emissions of Climatically Active Gases in St. Petersburg Agglomeration","authors":"M. V. Makarova, D. V. Ionov, S. Ch. Foka, A. V. Poberovsky, A. V. Polyakov, Kh. Kh. Imkhasin, V. S. Kostsov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701483","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global climate change is one of the most important scientific, social, and economic problems of our time. To estimate the significance of these changes and understand the physical and chemical processes associated with them, it is necessary to monitor the atmospheric content of climatically important gases and their fluxes into the atmosphere. This paper summarizes the results of more than thirty years (1991–2023) of spectroscopic study of the atmospheric composition at St. Petersburg State University (SPbU). The main attention is paid to stationary and mobile FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) measurements carried out at SPbU over the past 15 years and aimed at both studying temporal changes in the gaseous composition of the atmosphere and estimating emissions of climatically important gases from the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration. The paper presents new estimates of trends in CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, OCS, CO, HCN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>CO, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, HCOOH, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> over 2009–2023, as well as experimental estimates of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> area fluxes from the territory of St. Petersburg derived from measurements during EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) observational campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S78 - S86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiation Intensity Estimation in the Adaptive Phase Conjugation Scheme with a Laser Guide Star","authors":"V. A. Bogachev, A. V. Nemtseva, F. A. Starikov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701422","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we present the results of numerical calculations of the peak intensity, or on-axis intensity, of laser radiation focused through a turbulent atmosphere at a remote receiver in the phase conjugation scheme of the laser beam with a laser guide star. The numerical calculations have been conducted within the computational model of optical radiation propagation along a long atmospheric path, where atmospheric turbulence is simulated by a set of phase screens. A technique for numerical estimation for on-axis laser intensity at a receiver under conditions of imperfect adaptive phase correction of both laser and reference beams is suggested based on the method developed for the scheme with an ideal reference source, namely, a point source located at the receiver. This method is adapted for the scheme with a laser guide star by introducing an additional factor which depends on both the characteristics of the laser guide star and the degree of partial adaptive phase correction applied to both laser and reference beams. The suggested technique can be implemented in real experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S31 - S37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern Atmospheric Optics and Earth’s Climate Changes","authors":"Yu. M. Timofeev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701616","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper discussed the ccurrent status of atmospheric optics and several key issues, such as Earth’s radiation balance and remote measurements of atmospheric and surface parameters. Most common methods for remote estimation of these parameters are reviewed. Satellite instruments used for monitoring atmospheric gas composition are described. The provided information can be of interest for specialists in atmospheric optics and climatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S1 - S10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation Analysis of Short-Period Wave Activity in the Mesopause Region and F2 Layer of the Ionosphere","authors":"I. V. Medvedeva, K. G. Ratovsky, M. V. Tolstikov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701513","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the comparative analysis of day-to day variations in the mesopause temperature variability σ<i>Tm</i> and the peak electron density variability σ<i>NmF</i>2 in the range of internal gravity wave (IGW) periods. The analysis was based on spectrometric and radiophysical measurements at the instrumental complex of Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2013–2018. The seasonal variations in σ<i>Tm</i> and σ<i>NmF</i>2 averaged over all years showed a high correlation of IGW variability in the mesosphere and ionosphere with a maximum in the winter period. The values of the sliding correlation coefficients σ<i>Tm</i> and σ<i>NmF</i>2 in the 27-day interval without time shift are low and grouped near zero (−0.042 ± 0.313). Accounting for the time shift leads to significant increase in correlation, the values of the correlation coefficients are grouped near ∼0.5 (0.504 ± 0.196). The paper discusses possible reasons for the correlation analysis results.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S192 - S198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}