Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics最新文献

{"title":"Femtosecond Laser Pulse Spectrum Transformation during Propagation in the Atmosphere","authors":"V. E. Prokop’ev,&nbsp;D. M. Lubenko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701033","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transformation of spectral parameters of a femtosecond laser pulse propagating in the atmosphere and in pure molecular nitrogen in the filamentation mode is experimentally studied; its causes are analyzed. The spectral broadening of pumping radiation in a wide range, from 350 to 1100 nm, is shown to be due to the combined action of Stokes stimulated Raman scattering at rotational transitions of nitrogen molecules in air, coherent anti-Stokes scattering, and cascade parametric four-wave mixing. The study of these processes is to make it possible to create highly efficient white light sources for atmospheric spectroscopy and remote sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"766 - 770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of the Surface Electric Field under the Influence of Meteorological Conditions According to Observations in Tomsk","authors":"K. N. Pustovalov,&nbsp;P. M. Nagorskiy,&nbsp;M. V. Oglezneva,&nbsp;S. V. Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701070","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electric field of the atmosphere, along with electrical conductivity and ionization of air, is the main characteristic of atmospheric electricity, which is a set of electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere, including in clouds and precipitation. There is a close connection between the intensity (potential gradient) of the atmospheric electric field and the topography and landscape of an area and meteorological quantities. A disruption of the normal electric field, characteristic of fair-weather conditions, occurs during the formation and development of clouds, precipitation, thunderstorm, etc. In general, the variability of the electric field is determined by a number of individual or combined factors, both of global and regional (or local) character. Therefore, studying and understanding the functioning of the Global Electric Circuit and its local variability seems to be a relevant scientific problem, especially in the context of the modern climate change. The variability of the electric field potential gradient and meteorological quantities is analyzed in this work based on long-term observations in a large urban settlement. The analysis shows a pronounced dependence of the potential gradient on the wind direction in fair-weather conditions, especially in winter, associated, we believe, with aerosol transfer. We also found that the variability of the surface electric field, including seasonal and daily variations, under all meteorological conditions significantly differs from the variability under exceptionally fair-weather conditions. The results are in good agreement with similar studies at other observation sites located near large populated areas, and are of interest for simulating the state and variability of the Global Electric Circuit depending on various physical and geographical and meteorological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"815 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Air Quality over Delhi during COVID-19 Lockdown Based on Remote Sensing Observations","authors":"S. Budakoti","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701215","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing concentrations of toxic pollutants and particulate matter are a major concern related to human health. The present work is structured into two phases; the first is aimed at understanding the O₃–NO_X–VOC sensitivity over Delhi during the lockdown period; the second phase examines the influence of dust-induced aerosol particles on air pollution during the lockdown period using satellite-derived and ground-based observations. The analysis of VOC–NO_X–O₃ shows that ozone generation across Delhi primarily lies in the VOC-sensitive regime (VOCs/NO_X &lt; 8). A decrease in VOCs/NO_X values associated with an increase in surface ozone resulted from the lower values of NO_X. Apart from ozone precursors (NOx and VOCs), meteorological variables also play a vital role in the generation of surface ozone. The two-way ANOVA test and partial correlation analysis show the surface temperature to be a dominant factor which limits surface ozone across Delhi. Dust-induced high aerosol loading (aerosol optical depth values of ~0.7 to 0.9) is observed during the first and last weeks of April. The presence of a shallow atmosphere and increased dust-induced aerosol particles peculiarly increase the content of particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) across Delhi. This counterintuitively leads to enhanced air pollution despite the improvement in air quality during the lockdown period.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"771 - 785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synoptic Conditions for Ablation of the Sygyktinsky Glacier (Kodar Range)","authors":"O. P. Osipova,&nbsp;E. Yu. Osipov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701148","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of synoptic conditions on a 700-hPa isobaric surface on meteorological conditions and melt of the Sygyktinsky glacier (Kodar Range) in 2021 ablation season was studied. Fifteen weather types were classified using the Jenkinson and Collison method; cyclones (24%) and anticyclones (20%) were found to be the most frequent types. A significant dependence of the meteorological conditions at the glacier on the weather type was revealed. High temperatures and low relative humidity and cloudiness are typical for anticyclonic types, and vice versa, for cyclonic types. The radiation regime at the glacier and its melting rate were found to depend on synoptic conditions. The maximal contribution to melting is made by anticyclonic weather types (44% of total ablation), and the minimal, by cyclonic types (26%). The net radiation of the glacier is 2–2.5 times higher and the ablation rate is 1.6–1.8 times higher in anticyclones than in cyclones. The differences between the fluxes of energy spent for glacier melting under different weather conditions are explained by cloudiness. The different atmospheric circulation regimes over the Kodar significantly affected the deglaciation of the Kodar glaciers in recent decades. The results of our work will help to predict future climate changes in mountain glaciers.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"890 - 895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameters of CH4 Absorption Lines Broadened by Atmospheric Air Pressure in the 2300 nm Region","authors":"T. M. Petrova,&nbsp;A. M. Solodov,&nbsp;A. A. Solodov,&nbsp;V. M. Deichuli,&nbsp;T. Yu. Chesnokova","doi":"10.1134/S102485602470101X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102485602470101X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methane is one of key greenhouse gases, whose concentration has been increasing in recent decades, thus increasing the Earth’s surface temperature. To monitor the methane content in the atmosphere the accurate knowledge of the absorption spectrum of CH₄ molecule is required. In this work, the parameters of methane absorption lines broadened by atmospheric air pressure are presented in the spectral region 4345–4360 cm⁻¹. Data were derived from spectra recorded at a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier spectrometer with a spectral resolution of 0.005–0.01 cm⁻¹ at room temperature and five values of buffer gas pressure. Atmospheric transmission was simulated using the derived results and line parameters from HITRAN and GEISA spectroscopic databases. The comparison with measured atmospheric solar spectra shows the CH₄ absorption line parameters found in this work to coincide the best in terms of root-mean-square deviation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"751 - 756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the “Cloud Bow” Effect in SEVIRI Measurements on the Retrieval of the Diurnal Cycle of Land–Sea Cloud Liquid Water Path Contrast in Northern Europe","authors":"V. S. Kostsov,&nbsp;D. V. Ionov,&nbsp;A. B. Andryukova,&nbsp;E. P. Ryabushko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701094","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The information on the cloud liquid water path (LWP) is required for many applications including global and regional climate modelling, weather forecasting, and hydrological cycle modelling. The results of derivation of the land–sea LWP contrast from LWP measurements with the satellite SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager) instrument over land and water bodies in northern Europe are presented. The study of the diurnal cycle of the LWP contrast for some water bodies discovered two maxima nearly symmetrical about the noon UTC. They were observed in most cases at measurement points in the Gulf of Riga and in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. Presumably, those maxima were artefacts of observations caused by the so-called “cloud bow effect.” Calculations of a scattering angle for the satellite measurements at these points confirm this conclusion. The problems of data filtering and analyzing in the cases of manifestation of this disturbing effect are discussed. An approach to data analysis is suggested. This approach and the results can be used to assess the quality of LWP measurements by SEVIRI in various regions of the globe.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"833 - 841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Vital Activity of Trees (Southeast of Western Siberia)","authors":"B. G. Ageev,&nbsp;V. A. Sapozhnikova,&nbsp;A. N. Gruzdev,&nbsp;D. A. Savchuk","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701100","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response of forest ecosystems to changing climate conditions is studied by many researchers. In this work, the relationships between variations in the residual gas content in discs of coniferous and deciduous trees growing in and around Tomsk (southeast of Western Siberia) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are analyzed. We have found (1) a significant correlation between the air temperature in Tomsk region and the NAO index; (2) coherent fluctuations in the chronologies of gas components of deciduous tree discs and in the air temperature during the growing season around a 4-year cycle; (3) the correlation coefficients of the NAO index with the chronologies of CO₂ (CO₂ + H₂O) and the ring width of the six (of eight) tree discs. A conclusion is drawn that the North Atlantic Oscillation can affect the life activity of some Siberian tree species (on a 4-year time scale). The results can be used in studies of biospheric and atmospheric processes with the aim of considering the effects of remote sources of air pressure variations on forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"842 - 848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission and Sink of Greenhouse Gases in the Grassland Ecosystem of Southern Taiga of Western Siberia: Estimates of the Contribution of Soil Flux Component from Observations of 2023","authors":"M. Yu. Arshinov,&nbsp;B. D. Belan,&nbsp;D. K. Davydov,&nbsp;A. V. Kozlov,&nbsp;A. V. Fofonov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701124","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern changes in the global climate are accompanied by rising air and soil temperatures. How do they affect soil respiration and should we expect a change in greenhouse gas emissions? These questions cannot be answered without studying the soil–air gas exchange. In this work, we analyze greenhouse gas fluxes at the soil–air interface measured at the Fonovaya Observatory in 2023 with the use of three chambers, transparent and opaque chambers on soil areas with vegetation and a transparent chamber on soil without vegetation. A stable CO₂ and CH₄ sink throughout the growing season is shown. For carbon dioxide, on the contrary, a weak positive flux was observed. A steady sink of N₂O from the atmosphere occurred from May to mid-August; its value attained −600 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in June and July; the methane flux (sink) attained −0.08 mg m⁻² h⁻¹. The nitrous oxide flux fluctuated about zero with the daily average within ± 0.02 mg m⁻² h⁻¹. For CO₂, a nonlinear positive relationship between the increase in vegetation respiration and soil temperature is revealed. Linear temperature dependence is found for methane fluxes in all three chambers, that is, an increase in soil temperature enhances CH₄ absorption. N₂O fluxes show very weak positive dependence on the soil temperature in both transparent chambers (with and without vegetation). The estimates of the contribution of CO₂ fluxes from the soil show that microbial respiration can contribute from 46.7 to 77.9% to the total grassland ecosystem respiration during nighttime. The daily average share of methane absorption by soil due to diffusion and oxidation by methanotrophs not associated with plants varies from 5.3 to 48.3%; it becomes smaller during the daytime and increases at night. The contribution of soil without vegetation to the total N₂O flux can attain 92.3%. The results expand knowledge about the soil–air gas exchange under changing climate conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"865 - 880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne Lidar BSE-6 for Remote Detection of Clear-Air Turbulence","authors":"B. D. Belan,&nbsp;I. A. Razenkov,&nbsp;K. A. Rynkov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701173","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of instruments for remote detection of clear-air turbulence (CAT) for early warning of aircraft crew about the danger is an urgent problem today. In this work, we describe the design and technical features of BSE-6 turbulent lidar mounted onboard an aircraft for experimental testing of CAT remote sensing technique. The quality of assembly and adjustment was verified in comparison between theoretical calculations and real echo signals. The system was tested for thermomechanical stability. The improvement of the turbulent lidar is to ensure early detection of CAT from an aircraft and remote control of the turbulence intensity in the atmospheric boundary layer from the ground, for example, along glide paths at airports.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"911 - 918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Linewidth Effect on Sodium Laser Guide Star Brightness in Midlatitude Atmosphere","authors":"L. A. Bolbasova,&nbsp;S. A. Ermakov,&nbsp;V. P. Lukin","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701185","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laser guide stars (LGS) technique is an integral part of modern adaptive optics systems of ground-based telescopes. The requirements for the energy, spectral, and spatiotemporal characteristics of a laser beam for creating a sodium LGS and for an adaptive optics system as a whole are largely related to the atmospheric parameters of a telescope site. A way of optimizing the brightness of a sodium LGS is the choice of laser linewidth. In this work, the effect of laser radiation linewidth (from 10 MHz to 3.5 GHz) on the magnitude of the return photon flux from a sodium LGS is estimated based on numerical simulation of the interaction of circularly polarized laser radiation with mesospheric sodium atoms in midlatitude atmosphere in the Russian Federation. The results can be used for the design of adaptive optics systems operating by the signals from a LGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 6","pages":"919 - 924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}