N. S. Chebunina, L. P. Golobokova, V. I. Egorov, T. V. Khodzher
{"title":"Composition and Morphology of Near-surface Atmospheric Aerosol Particles in Urbanized Area of Southern Baikal Region","authors":"N. S. Chebunina, L. P. Golobokova, V. I. Egorov, T. V. Khodzher","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701118","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of aerosol pollution of the atmosphere and associated climate change has become increasingly relevant. Of particular interest are physicochemical properties and structure of atmospheric aerosols. Being an important component of polluted air, aerosols affect various atmospheric processes, the environment, and human health. Analysis of the morphology and composition of aerosol particles enables us to identify the features of their behavior in the atmosphere and determine their origin. This paper studies the composition and morphology of near-surface atmospheric aerosol particles at a year-round monitoring station (Irkutsk) in different seasons of 2024 using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectral analysis. The main types of aerosol particles (soot, fly ash, mineral, and biogenic particles) are identified, and their shapes and sizes are determined. It has been established that mineral and biogenic particles predominate in the composition of near-surface atmospheric aerosol in Irkutsk during the warm season, while fly ash and soot particles predominate during the cold season. Brochosomes (fullerene-like structures of biological carbon-containing particles) were detected for the first time in the surface aerosol at the urban Irkutsk station. The results of this study expand our understanding of the morphological properties and composition of individual particles in surface atmospheric aerosol in the urbanized area of the Southern Baikal region.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"161 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Dyomin, A. Yu. Davydova, N. S. Kirillov, I. G. Polovtsev
{"title":"Magnification of Reconstructed Images Based on Geometric-Optical Model of Digital Holographic Imaging","authors":"V. V. Dyomin, A. Yu. Davydova, N. S. Kirillov, I. G. Polovtsev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701039","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detection of coordinates and magnification of a reconstructed holographic image of a particle is quite difficult because of the lack of a strict geometric-optical model of digital holographic imaging. Traditional optics and microscopy usually use lenses for image magnification. In digital holography, magnified images can be generated without mechanical focusing and optical components, for example, by controlling the divergence of illuminating beams. This work discusses optimization of the optical scheme of digital holography for lensless magnification of reconstructed images; justifies the feasibility of using a geometric-optics apparatus in the design of digital holographic systems, and describes their limitations. The results of the work can be used in the design and development of digital holographic microscopy systems and for high-precision reconstruction and analysis of holographic images of particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"101 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CALIOP Data for Estimating the Multilayer Cloud Base Height from MODIS Imagery Based on Fuzzy Logic Methods","authors":"A. V. Skorokhodov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701179","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An algorithm for estimating the base height of individual levels in multilayer clouds from passive satellite sensor data based on fuzzy logic methods is presented. The procedure for retrieving the cloud-base height is considered as a special case of solving the classification problem. The classes are narrow ranges of the target parameter; the classification features are cloud parameters retrieved from passive satellite sounding. Methods of fuzzy logic allow one to include one object in several classes at once but with different grades of membership, which enables estimating the base height for several simultaneously observed levels of clouds. The classifier is trained based on synchronous CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data received over Western Siberia in summer in 2013–2018. The cloud base height is estimated only from passive satellite sensor data. Two fuzzy self-organizing methods (Fuzzy C-means and Gustafson–Kessel) are considered. The second approach has been found to be more effective; it provides a deviation of −0.5 km for the retrieved base heights of clouds with an optical thickness less than 10 as compared to reference ones at a standard deviation of 1.5 km for the overlying cloud layer and −0.1 km at a standard deviation of 2.1 km for the underlying layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"205 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infrared-to-Visible Conversion in Mn Vapor Active Media","authors":"A. E. Kulagin, M. V. Trigub","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701210","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Imaging in the visible spectral range of processes in media transparent only to IR radiation requires the use of active IR-to-visible converters. In this work, we simulate the conversion of IR radiation into the visible based on competition between transitions in Mn vapor active media with the use of a spatiotemporal kinetic model of an active medium. We estimate the conversion efficiency for continuous and pulsed input IR signals in a wide range of signal power for different pulse frequencies (from 2 to 20 kHz). We show the pulsed mode and pulse frequencies lower than an optimal frequency in terms of amplified spontaneous emission power to be optimal for this conversion. The measurable conversion efficiency is higher than 10 for medium-size GDT. Our results confirm the usability of a bistatic Mn vapor laser monitor for negative imaging of processes in a medium transparent for IR radiation, i.e., a possibility of creating a narrowband pulsed IR-to-visible converter.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"237 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. S. Kuznetsov, M. M. Zinovev, N. N. Yudin, O. A. Romanovskii, A. A. Nevzorov, S. V. Yakovlev, S. A. Sadovnikov, A. L. Khudoley, D. V. Vlasov
{"title":"Dielectric Mirror with High Reflectance at 266 nm for Ozone Lidars","authors":"V. S. Kuznetsov, M. M. Zinovev, N. N. Yudin, O. A. Romanovskii, A. A. Nevzorov, S. V. Yakovlev, S. A. Sadovnikov, A. L. Khudoley, D. V. Vlasov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701209","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective monitoring of tropospheric ozone requires lidar systems, operation of which depends on the quality of dielectric mirrors used in the UV region, where traditional coatings are subject to accelerated degradation. We have designed a dielectric mirror with high reflectance at a wavelength of 266 nm for UV lidar systems for ozone monitoring. A multilayer interference coating was manufactured based on HfO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> and optimized using experimental dispersion data. The effect of thermal annealing on the optical properties of the coating is studied, and a temperature threshold is detected, above which the coating structure degrades. The results can be used in the design of highly efficient optical elements for UV differential absorption lidars and other laser systems which require UV dielectric mirrors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"231 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. S. Chebunina, L. P. Golobokova, V. I. Egorov, T. V. Khodzher
{"title":"Composition and Morphology of Near-surface Atmospheric Aerosol Particles in Urbanized Area of Southern Baikal Region","authors":"N. S. Chebunina, L. P. Golobokova, V. I. Egorov, T. V. Khodzher","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701118","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of aerosol pollution of the atmosphere and associated climate change has become increasingly relevant. Of particular interest are physicochemical properties and structure of atmospheric aerosols. Being an important component of polluted air, aerosols affect various atmospheric processes, the environment, and human health. Analysis of the morphology and composition of aerosol particles enables us to identify the features of their behavior in the atmosphere and determine their origin. This paper studies the composition and morphology of near-surface atmospheric aerosol particles at a year-round monitoring station (Irkutsk) in different seasons of 2024 using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectral analysis. The main types of aerosol particles (soot, fly ash, mineral, and biogenic particles) are identified, and their shapes and sizes are determined. It has been established that mineral and biogenic particles predominate in the composition of near-surface atmospheric aerosol in Irkutsk during the warm season, while fly ash and soot particles predominate during the cold season. Brochosomes (fullerene-like structures of biological carbon-containing particles) were detected for the first time in the surface aerosol at the urban Irkutsk station. The results of this study expand our understanding of the morphological properties and composition of individual particles in surface atmospheric aerosol in the urbanized area of the Southern Baikal region.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"161 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antireflection Properties of Nanostructured Silicon Dioxide Coatings for Solar Cells","authors":"Yu. E. Geints, E. K. Panina","doi":"10.1134/S102485602570109X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102485602570109X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main problem in solar energy is reducing optical losses due to light reflection from the surface of photovoltaic cells. This paper numerically studies antireflection properties of nanostructured silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) coatings deposited on the surface of a solar cell. Two porous antireflection coating types are considered: multilayer assembly of nanospheres and vertical air nanopores embedded in a solid SiO<sub>2</sub> layer. The light transmission efficiency is assessed depending on the coating thickness and structure. It is found that the efficiency of solar energy conversion into electricity can significantly vary across different spectral ranges for the same antireflection coating type. It is shown that a coating in the form of vertical nanopores in most cases provides more efficient conversion of incident light compared to a porous layer assembled of nanospheres. The results are important for designing more efficient solar cells and can be used to create antireflection coatings to improve the overall performance of photovoltaic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"150 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the Neglect of Non-Lambertian Earth Surface Reflectance on the Error in Its Retrieval from Satellite Data","authors":"M. V. Tarasenkov, V. V. Belov, A. V. Shesterikova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701155","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acquisition of high-quality satellite information is important for solving a wide range of problems in monitoring the Earth surface, such as estimation of forest health, agricultural productivity, and others. To perform accurate atmospheric correction (elimination of the distorting influence of the atmosphere) of satellite images of the Earth surface, it is crucial to consider various factors that influence received signals, including non-Lambertian surface reflectance (the difference between surface reflection and Lambert’s law according to which radiation is equally reflected in all directions and depends only on the irradiance of the surface and the reflectance). In some algorithms, non-Lambertian reflection is taken into account after solving a problem in the Lambertian reflection approximation. In this case, the assumption is used that the adjacency effect (i.e., the effect of received radiation reflected from surface areas adjacent to the observed one and scattered in the atmosphere) is formed only by Lambertian surfaces. Our calculations show that at meteorological range of visibility <i>S</i><sub>M</sub> ≤ 6 km, neglect of contribution of non-Lambertian reflection produces an error in the reflectance of no higher than 20.3%; neglect of non-Lambertian reflection into the adjacency effect and additional illumination results in an error of no more than 12%; and neglect of non-Lambertian reflection in additional illumination, of no more than 1.4%. For a more transparent atmosphere (<i>S</i><sub>M</sub> ≥ 6 km), the maximal errors for similar models do not exceed 92, 14, and 1.2%, respectively. For the solar zenith angles θ<sub>sun</sub> ≤ 60° and the angles of the optical axis of a receiving system θ<sub><i>d</i></sub> ≤ 60°, the errors do not exceed 30, 7.5, and 1%, respectively. The results prove the possibility of considering non-Lambertian reflection after taking into account the adjacency effect and additional illumination of the Earth surface in the Lambertian reflection approximation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"192 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. P. Rozanov, K. G. Gribanov, I. V. Zadvornykh, G. A. Sukhikh, V. V. Valdaiskikh, V. I. Zakharov
{"title":"Estimates of Transboundary Transfer and Balance of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Sverdlovsk Region Using the Machine Learning Model","authors":"A. P. Rozanov, K. G. Gribanov, I. V. Zadvornykh, G. A. Sukhikh, V. V. Valdaiskikh, V. I. Zakharov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701180","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In connection with the global warming problem caused by the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, estimating the potential of different ecosystems for the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide on both regional and global scales is a topical problem. In this work, the balance of natural carbon dioxide fluxes throughout Sverdlovsk region is considered. An integral estimate of net CO<sub>2</sub> absorbed from the atmosphere by regional ecosystems over 2020–2022 is obtained for the first time using an original NorthFlux machine learning model, where spectra data from the MODIS satellite sensor, meteorological data of retrospective climate analysis, and satellite data on the classification of the underlying surface vegetation are used as input. The data on the amount of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is taken from the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in Sverdlovsk region. The transboundary transfer of carbon dioxide is estimated using a balance equation for CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the atmospheric column and data on the average annual rate of increase in the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the regional atmosphere obtained from ground-based Bruker IFS 125M high-resolution measurements at the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory in 2012–2024. It has been found that the sequestration of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> by ecosystems of Sverdlovsk region ranges from 10.9 to 15.2% and the transboundary transfer of CO<sub>2</sub> through the region boundaries to neighboring regions ranges from 72.5 to 76.7% of the annual industrial CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the region. The NorthFlux machine learning model can be useful for estimating the sequestering potential of ecosystems in other regions of the planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"214 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148060897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. G. Ageev, V. A. Sapozhnikova, A. N. Gruzdev, D. A. Savchuk
{"title":"Relationship of Tree Ring Gas Content to Humidity over Forest Ecosystems","authors":"B. G. Ageev, V. A. Sapozhnikova, A. N. Gruzdev, D. A. Savchuk","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025701192","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025701192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The question of how forest ecosystems influences climate parameters is of growing scientific interest. This work analyzes two approaches to the study of interaction between Siberian forests and the atmosphere. Based on the analysis results, we suggest that a four-year cycle in precipitation over forest areas can be caused by tree transpiration. This finding is to help understanding similar cyclic patterns in meteorological data in other regions with large forest ecosystems. The results can be useful for specialists dealing with problems of biosphere-atmospheric interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 2","pages":"221 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}