Journal of Primary Care and Community Health最新文献

{"title":"A Social Network Lens to Community Health Worker Influence and Impact.","authors":"Reza Yousefi Nooraie, Deniz Naghibi, Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres, Paula Cupertino","doi":"10.1177/21501319241306706","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241306706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community Health Workers (CHWs) are members of healthcare teams that are integrated in, and often share language, beliefs, and lived experiences with their communities. They use their formal and informal social networks to promote healthy behavior, to connect community members to resources, and to build more resilient community networks. We propose a framework to conceptualize CHW interventions aiming to operationalize and optimize CHW social relations and networks. CHW-mediated network interventions can focus on the dissemination and diffusion of health messages, using the channels of trust and formal and informal relations, as well as, engaging communities to enhance the cascade of spreading/diffusion. Network interventions can also focus on network-building and community dialog, relying on the role of CHWs in bringing the community members together in facilitating conversation, promoting social justice and inclusion, and mobilizing the community in collective action. In addition, the network interventions can aim for boundary-spanning and bridging activities, to facilitate the community's access to health services and external resources, as well as bringing the community voice to health systems to influence priorities and policies. Similar to any other complex interventions, CHW network interventions should be fine-tuned and adapted to local and community needs, capacities, and network structures, and actively involve community members in the conceptualization, delivery, and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319241306706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Familiarity and Experience with HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Primary Care Providers in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Jorge Martinez-Cajas, Beatriz Alvarado, Carmela Rapino, Emma Nagy, T Hugh Guan, Nicholas Cofie, Nancy Dalgarno, Pilar Camargo, Bradley Stoner","doi":"10.1177/21501319251315566","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251315566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite increased access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Canada, familiarity and experience among primary care providers (PCPs)-including family doctors and those working with key populations-remains limited. To understand the barriers and facilitators of PrEP familiarity and experience, we conducted a situational analysis in PCPs in sub-urban and rural Ontario.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed a non-probabilistic sample of PCPs using an online questionnaire, designed with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to assess the relationship between CFIR domains, sociodemographic, and practice characteristics on both PrEP familiarity and experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 PCPs participated (6% response rate), comprising 80% physicians and 20% nurses. Nearly 30% of the sample worked with key populations, including sexual health clinics and community care centers, 18% of respondents reported high familiarity with PrEP, and 44% reported PrEP experience (referred, started a conversation, or prescribed). PrEP familiarity and experience were associated with working in an organization serving key populations, working with gender minorities, and having colleagues providing PrEP. Providers with a positive perception of PrEP and its necessity for populations at risk were more likely to have PrEP-related experience. Higher familiarity and experience were reported by PCPs with specific clinical skills related to PrEP, and with the perception that PrEP was compatible with their practice as primary provider.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that organizational support, and additional training and education would facilitate PrEP provision by PCPs in suburban/rural Ontario.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251315566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting the MUSIQ Calculator for Practice Facilitators to Evaluate Primary Care Clinic Performance in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Quality Improvement Project.","authors":"Dannell Boatman, Susan Eason, Kelcie Sturgeon-Danley, Catherine Whitworth, Stephenie Kennedy-Rea","doi":"10.1177/21501319251327849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251327849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Model for Understanding Success in Quality (MUSIQ) is a framework designed to understand the contextual factors that can influence healthcare quality improvement (QI) initiative implementation. The MUSIQ calculator was originally developed to help clinics identify contextual factors that may affect QI success. This retrospective study adapted the MUSIQ calculator to serve as an evaluative tool for practice facilitators engaged in a colorectal cancer screening initiative. Eight primary care clinics were scored in 6 contextual factors categories using the adapted MUSIQ calculator. Average MUSIQ scores were used to identify high and low contextual factors clinics, and their colorectal cancer screening rates were assessed across a 4-year period of active engagement with the colorectal cancer screening initiative. There were statistically significant, strong, correlations between overall contextual factors scores and colorectal cancer screening rates across all 4 years. There was a statistically significant difference between screening rate changes during the period of active engagement and high or low contextual factors scores (<i>P</i> = .047). There were statistically significant correlations between 3 contextual factors and colorectal cancer screening rate changes with \"Microsystem\" and \"QI Support\" having the strongest associations (<i>P</i> < .001). Low or high contextual factors classification statistically significantly predicted colorectal cancer screening rate changes across the observed timeframe (<i>P</i> = .047). By adapting existing tools with a strong track record of success, like MUSIQ, practice facilitators can identify potential challenges earlier in the QI process providing an important opportunity to intervene to prompt greater success.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251327849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing an Online Instrument to Measure Nurse Practitioner Workload: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Kelley Kilpatrick, Véronique Landry, Eric Nguemeleu Tchouaket, André Daigle, Mira Jabbour","doi":"10.1177/21501319251321302","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251321302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Nurse practitioners (NPs) improve access to care in community-based primary care. Determining an appropriate workload for NPs is complex. The number of patients seen by NPs represents an important consideration. We sought to determine the feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness of implementing the online NP workload measurement index (NP-WI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Feasibility study supported by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability, conducted across 3 health regions in Québec, Canada. Data were collected from January to July 2024 using the online NP-WI (<i>n</i> = 66), 8-item acceptability questionnaire (<i>n</i> = 47), weekly implementation team meetings with NPs and decision-makers (<i>n</i> = 11), field notes and interviews (<i>n</i> = 13). Data analysis completed using descriptive statistics and content analysis, with data integration using joint displays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPs indicated that the NP-WI was easy to use. Acceptability scores were positively rated. Daily data entry took 5 to 7 min to complete. NPs deemed a 4-week collection period sufficient to capture a representative workload sample. The NP-WI captured patient, provider and organizational characteristics and the number of patients seen by NPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NP-WI implementation was feasible. The instrument can support healthcare workforce planning with more adequate estimations of NP workload in community-based primary care, and provide greater equity in resource allocation and distribution of NP workload.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251321302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Violence Against Primary Care Physicians in Chengdu, China: A Cross-sectional Survey.","authors":"Xin Zeng, Chuan Zou, Hongxia Tao, Xueming Huang, Yu Lei, Chunyao Xiao, Tao Peng, Jing Shen, Wai Kit Wong","doi":"10.1177/21501319251318837","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251318837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study is to examine workplace violence (WPV) toward primary care physicians (PCPs), including prevalence, associated factors, impacts, and response to WPV in Chengdu, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an online cross-sectional design to collect data from October to November 2022 with a structured self-administered questionnaire from a purposive sample of 568 PCPs in Chengdu city.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 490 valid questionnaires, 44.3% of respondents reported at least encountered 1 type of WPV in the preceding year, with 38.0% experiencing emotional abuse, 24.5% threats, 9.8% experiencing physical assault, 5.5% verbal sexual harassment, and 1.6% sexual abuse. The common perpetrators of WPV were patients (81.6%) and their relatives (44.2%). A multilevel analysis showed that PCPs without night shift had lower odds of experiencing WPV (odds ratios [OR] = 0.461, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.299-0.700, <i>P</i> = .0004), while higher education levels were associated with increased odds (OR = 1.835, 95% CI = 1.126-3.005, <i>P</i> = .015). The common reasons of causing WPV perceived by PCPs were \"rejected unreasonable demands\" (81.6%), \"unmet the expectations\" (51.2%), and \"waiting too long\" (47.9%). In response to WPV, 80.6% of PCPs had communicated positively with patients, 61.8% informed superiors, and 23.5% called security guards/police officers, but still 10.6% took no action. Most respondents (82.9%) did not receive training on how to deal with WPV. After experiencing WPV, PCPs reported low work efficiency (56.2%), decreased patient trust (32.7%), and anxious feelings (32.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a moderate prevalence of violence against PCPs in primary care settings. Most PCPs lack coping strategies to handle WPV and suffer many negative effects. It is imperative that PCPs receive formal training in WPV management, and our study provides evidence to support such training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251318837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Patient Panel Size in Primary Care: A Meta-Narrative Review.","authors":"Abd Moain Abu Dabrh, Wigdan H Farah, Heidi M McLeod, Parisa Biazar, Arya B Mohabbat, Bala Munipalli, Rachel Garofalo, Robert J Stroebel, Nilay Shah, Kurt B Angstman, Richard J Presutti, Bryan Farford, Jennifer L Horn, Summer V Allen, Adam I Perlman, Ana Lucia Chong Lau, Larry J Prokop, M Hassan Murad","doi":"10.1177/21501319251321294","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251321294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The optimal patient panel size (PPS) in primary care and the factors determining it remain unclear. We conducted a meta-narrative review of the literature to evaluate factors influencing PPS and assess its association with patient outcomes. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed from inception through December 2023, focusing on original studies reporting factors used to determine PPS and related outcomes (eg, clinical outcomes, process measures, and resource utilization). A total of 48 studies were included, identifying 7 key factors influencing PPS. Smaller panels were associated with improved patient satisfaction, continuity of care, and health promotion, while clinical outcomes, utilization, and costs showed minimal impact by PPS. Panel size was primarily associated with patient age, sex, comorbidities, and practice type and structure. Community-based centers typically managed smaller panels, often staffed by female clinicians and serving socioeconomically disadvantaged populations with greater health needs than hospital-based practices. Female clinicians were also independently associated with managing smaller panels, higher quality care indicators, fewer emergency department visits, and improved patient satisfaction. Determining the ideal PPS is a multifaceted process influenced by practice setting, patient demographics, and clinician characteristics. While practice-related factors showed limited association with PPS, patient-reported outcomes were more closely linked to it. Primary care practices should tailor panel sizes to their patient populations, emphasizing a patient-centered approach and ensuring adequate infrastructure support to optimize care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251321294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Pharmacotherapy Optimization in Pharmacist-Led Management of Type 2 Diabetes Utilizing Continuous Glucose Monitors.","authors":"Jasmine King, Chelsea Keedy, Joseph Crosby, Sara Little, Araven Thompson, Dallas Hardin, Kristen Pierce","doi":"10.1177/21501319251330091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319251330091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) offer critical insight into glucose trends, aiding significantly in overall type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management. Few studies have evaluated pharmacist involvement in CGM management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study, conducted at two primary care offices within a community health system. The aim of this study was to assess pharmacist impact on the deprescribing of high-risk medications in patients with T2DM utilizing CGM data. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients that experienced deprescribing of a high-risk medication (defined as reduction or discontinuation in total daily dosage of insulin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones). The secondary outcomes were rate of hospitalizations and changes in total daily insulin dose. Chi-square tests and <i>t</i>-tests were utilized to analyze primary and secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 317 participants, 58% of patients on CGMs had pharmacists involved in their care. Of patients in the pharmacist-led group, 11.4% experienced deprescribing of a high-risk medication compared to about 8.3% in the usual care group. Overall, hospitalizations were 3.2% lower in the pharmacist-led group compared to the usual care group during the study period. In addition, patients in the pharmacist-led group experienced a reduction in total daily insulin dose, while an increase in total daily insulin dosage for the usual care group was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While our study did not find a statistically significant difference in pharmacist-led deprescribing, there was a trend towards reduction in high-risk medication use. This suggests potential clinical significance, emphasizing the role of pharmacist involvement in prescribing practices of medications used to treat T2DM, including deprescribing high-risk medications and initiating non-high-risk medications with additional benefits. Further studies are needed to determine a difference in prescribing practice in pharmacist-led management of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251330091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Mental Health and Social Needs Among Black Patients in Primary Care Settings.","authors":"Keri F Kirk, Serenity Budd, Ashley Splain, Clara L Parsons, Aniket Kini, George Daniel, Lana Kim, Kezia Alexander, Diana Rubio, Jenna Warren, Marsha Akoto, Christine D Laccay, Patricia Tanjutco","doi":"10.1177/21501319251338912","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251338912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Integrated Behavioral Health (IBH) clinics in primary care offer cost-effective options for receiving mental health (MH) support for Black patients. By tracking specific aspects of social determinants of health (SDOH), more commonly assessed in primary care, IBH programs can provide helpful insights to both MH and primary care providers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study examined the impact of IBH care delivery on MH and social needs variables in a Black adult patient population. MH outcomes were assessed using the PHQ9 and GAD7, with a positive score being greater than 5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were N = 119 Black patients included in analysis. The sample was 83% female and the average age at first visit was 41. There was a significant reduction in both GAD7 (change = -1.8, <i>P</i> < .001) and PHQ9 (change = -2.3, <i>P</i> < .001) scores for patients receiving IBH services. There were no significant differences between those who had a SDOH screen and having an initial elevated GAD7/PHQ9 score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More culturally inclusive research on the impact of IBH implementation where Black patients receive their primary care is needed to maximize treatment possibilities among this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251338912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance and Acceptability of a Technology-delivered Childhood Obesity Intervention for Hispanic/Latino Families in Rural Nebraska: A Qualitative Approach.","authors":"Thais F Alves, Natalia Santos, Camila Squarcini, Felipe Marta, Christine Eisenhauer, Fabio Almeida, Fabiana Brito","doi":"10.1177/21501319251338544","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319251338544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hispanics/Latinos (H/L) are the largest minority group in rural areas in the United States. Although childhood obesity represents a growing burden for this population, there is a lack of culturally relevant interventions designed for Latino children and their families.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the relevance and acceptability of Hispanic Family Connections, a technology-delivered and family-based childhood obesity prevention program for Hispanic/Latino families in rural Nebraska. The program's materials include a workbook with activities for home completion and interactive voice response (IVR) calls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative exploratory study was developed through Focus Groups. Participants were adults who self-identified as H/L, caregivers to children aged 6 to 12, and Spanish literate. A bilingual mediator used a script with 12 questions, based on the project's conceptual and methodological frameworks: i-PARIHS, Cultural Relevance Questionnaire, and FRAME. We used PowerPoint presentations to share samples of the materials that comprise the Hispanic Family Connection intervention. Sessions were recorded, and we applied thematic content analysis with the support of a codebook based on the constructs of Innovation, Facilitation, Beneficiaries, and Adaptations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six H/L who lived in rural Nebraska participated in 8 Focus Groups (FG). We conducted 7 FG in Spanish and 1 in English. Participants highlighted the program's delivery mode using automated personalized technology, which could give them more freedom to engage. They considered the images and wording culturally relevant and easy to understand. Also, the involvement of all family members was a positive note, with parents working as role models. Factors such as workload and weather conditions could act as barriers to participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the intervention was considered relevant among rural Hispanic/Latinos, and the program design and materials were accepted with few adaptations suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319251338544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Care for People Living With Rare Disease: A Scoping Review on Primary Care Models in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries.","authors":"Nada Vidic, Anna McGlynn, Fatemeh Abdi, Chun Wah Michael Tam, Reginald Michael Crampton, Kean-Seng Lim, Elizabeth Emma Palmer, Natalie Taylor, Ben Harris-Roxas","doi":"10.1177/21501319241311567","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241311567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Individually rare, rare diseases are collectively common resulting in frequent health system use. Navigating the health system persists as a challenge. Primary care provides longitudinal contact with the health system and is placed to provide integrated rare-disease-care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review used Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA methods with a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research based data extraction tool to find how integrated rare-disease-care is delivered, enablers and barriers to the same, in primary care settings in contemporary literature in OECD countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Primary Care Provider (PCP) role varies from routine primary care to shared-rare-disease-care models. In the 26 papers, the most frequently cited PCP roles included involvement in diagnosis (n = 14), care coordination (n = 16), primary and preventative care (n = 18), management of components of rare-disease-care (n = 13), and treatment monitoring (n = 10). Individuals whose PCP was actively involved in their care were reported to have shortened diagnostic delay, improved transitions of care across the lifespan, reduced unplanned utilization of emergency and hospital services, comprehensive psychosocial care, improved quality of life across environments including home, school and work and improved palliative care experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sufficient communication from specialists, information, resources, time and reimbursement for complex care are still needed. Future integrated-rare-disease-care models should be developed by, or with, PCPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"16 ","pages":"21501319241311567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}