{"title":"Strategies for Accessible Breast Screening for People With Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Janelle Weise, Rachael Cvejic, Julian Trollor","doi":"10.1177/21501319241251938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241251938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with intellectual disability are less likely to participate in breast screening than people without intellectual disability. They experience a range of barriers to accessing breast screening, however, there is no consensus on strategies to overcome these barriers. Our objective was to reach consensus on the strategies required for accessible breast screening for people with intellectual disability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen experts participated in a modified on-line Delphi that used Levesque's model of health care access as the theoretical framework. At the end of each round descriptive and thematic analyses were completed. Data was then triangulated to determine if consensus was reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 3 rounds, 9 strategies were modified, 24 strategies were added and consensus was reached for 52 strategies across the 5 dimensions of access. Key areas of action related to (i) decision making and consent, (ii) accessible information, (iii) engagement of peer mentors, (iv) service navigators, and (v) equipping key stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resulting strategies are the first to articulate how to make breast screening accessible and can be used to inform health policy and quality improvement practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241251938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arisara Ritngam, Surintorn Kalampakorn, Sunee Lagampan, Ann Jirapongsuwan
{"title":"Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Workplace Intervention in Reducing Cardiovascular Risks Among Thai Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Arisara Ritngam, Surintorn Kalampakorn, Sunee Lagampan, Ann Jirapongsuwan","doi":"10.1177/21501319241281211","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241281211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is continuously increasing. A nurse-led workplace health promotion program (NWHPP) has demonstrated potential in reducing cardiovascular risks among employees. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the NWHPP in reducing CVD risks among at-risk workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty workers from 2 factories in Thailand, each with an estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk of 5% or higher (determined by the WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction chart), were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group based on their factory. The intervention group received an 8-week program comprising 3 core components: redesigning healthcare services, strengthening self-management, and obtaining organizational support. Evaluations of the estimated 10-year CVD risk, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) were conducted at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in CVD risk score (<i>F</i> = 4.827, <i>P</i> = .017) and SBP (<i>F</i> = 12.136, <i>P</i> < .001). Moreover, non-smokers were significantly higher in the intervention group (75.0%) compared with the control group (46.2%) after the 3-month follow-up (OR = 3.50; 95%CI 1.11-11.07; <i>P</i> = .030). However, BMI differences between the groups were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nurse-led workplace health promotion program effectively improved cardiovascular risk scores among at-risk workers. Developing workplace policies and environments that promote healthy behaviors is essential for reducing CVD risks among at-risk workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241281211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chris Barton, Susan Saldanha, Riki Lane, Sharon Clifford, Nidhi Achar, Grant Russell
{"title":"GP Engagement: A Proposed Model to Guide Engagement Activities in Australian Primary Health Networks.","authors":"Chris Barton, Susan Saldanha, Riki Lane, Sharon Clifford, Nidhi Achar, Grant Russell","doi":"10.1177/21501319241281579","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241281579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engagement with general practice is a requirement of Australia's Primary Health Networks (PHNs). We propose a model for engagement that draws on principles of stakeholder and clinician engagement, tailored to meet the needs of PHNs and general practitioners (GPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to identify components, challenges, and approaches to optimizing clinician engagement. Interviews with GPs (n = 18), other practice staff (n = 12), PHN staff, and other stakeholders (n = 15) across 3 PHN regions in Victoria, Australia, were used to identify perceived needs of GPs and opportunities for engagement with PHNs. Interview transcripts, notes, and contact summaries were collated and organized using QSR NVivo to support the process of coding and identification of common themes and perspectives. Information from the literature and interviews was synthesized to inform development of a model for GP engagement that could guide GP strategy and engagement activities undertaken by PHNs.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>PHNs engaged with GPs for accreditation, quality improvement, data sharing, continuing professional development, commissioning, and population health initiatives, among others. GPs were motivated to engage with PHNs, however, the roles of PHNs and benefits of engagement were not always clear. A model to support PHN engagement with general practice was developed comprising: (1) Organizational values for engagement; (2) Needs of GPs; (3) Areas of engagement; (4) Stages of engagement; (5) Communication planning; and (6) Monitoring and Evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed model represents contemporary understanding in clinician engagement, drawing upon concepts from community and stakeholder engagement, and extending established models for engagement into the setting of general practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241281579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amelia Klamen, Richard Bryce, Symone Martin, Eli Benchell Eisman
{"title":"Chronic Cellulitis in the Unhoused: Case Study and Treatment Considerations.","authors":"Amelia Klamen, Richard Bryce, Symone Martin, Eli Benchell Eisman","doi":"10.1177/21501319241249437","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241249437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report seeks to discuss sequelae of chronic cellulitis that is commonly treated in the ambulatory setting, as exacerbated by the conditions of living outside. Further we hope to identify etiologic factors that contribute to complication development. Additionally, this article will touch on unique treatment plan considerations for unhoused patients with the intention to educate providers and reduce mortality and morbidity relating to pedal skin and soft tissue infections in this population. This piece examines the case of a 52-year-old man with a history of chronic diseases, substance use disorder, and recurrent cellulitis. We highlight systemic issues in healthcare delivery for unhoused patients, including inadequate discharge planning, limited access to medication, and challenges in shelter placement. The discussion section emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plans for cellulitis in houseless individuals, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach incorporating social work services, and addressing chronic illnesses, substance use disorder, and housing issues. The report advocates for heightened awareness of bilateral cellulitis in unhoused populations, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, individualized treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241249437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth V Seiverling, Hadjh T Ahrns, Peggy R Cyr
{"title":"Response to: Impact of Dermoscopy Training on Diagnostic Accuracy, and Its Association with Biopsy and Referral Patterns Among Primary Care Providers: A Retrospective and Prospective Intervention Study.","authors":"Elizabeth V Seiverling, Hadjh T Ahrns, Peggy R Cyr","doi":"10.1177/21501319241307480","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241307480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241307480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neil Mookerjee, Nicole Schmalbach, Gianna Antinori, Subhadra Thampi, Dylan Windle-Puente, Amy Gilligan, Ha Huy, Megha Andrews, Angela Sun, Roshni Gandhi, William Benedict, Austin Chang, Ben Sanders, Justin Nguyen, Maanika Reddy Keesara, Janet Aliev, Aneri Patel, Isaiah Hughes, Ian Millstein, Krystal Hunter, Satyajeet Roy
{"title":"Association of Risk Factors and Comorbidities With Chronic Pain in the Elderly Population.","authors":"Neil Mookerjee, Nicole Schmalbach, Gianna Antinori, Subhadra Thampi, Dylan Windle-Puente, Amy Gilligan, Ha Huy, Megha Andrews, Angela Sun, Roshni Gandhi, William Benedict, Austin Chang, Ben Sanders, Justin Nguyen, Maanika Reddy Keesara, Janet Aliev, Aneri Patel, Isaiah Hughes, Ian Millstein, Krystal Hunter, Satyajeet Roy","doi":"10.1177/21501319241233463","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241233463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Chronic pain disorders affect about 20% of adults in the United States, and it disproportionately affects individuals living in the neighborhoods of extreme socioeconomic disadvantage. In many instances, chronic pain has been noted to arise from an aggregation of multiple risk factors and events. Therefore, it is of importance to recognize the modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the comorbid medical conditions and risk factors associated with chronic pain disorders in patients aged 65 years and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our team retrospectively reviewed medical records of elderly patients (65 years and older) who were evaluated in our outpatient medicine office between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021 for acute problems, management of chronic medical problems, or well visits. We divided our patients into a group who suffered from chronic pain disorder, and another group who did not have chronic pain disorder. The association of variables were compared between those groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2431 patients, 493 (20.3%) had a chronic pain disorder. A higher frequency of females in the group with chronic pain disorder was found compared to the group without a chronic pain disorder (60.6% vs 55.2%; <i>P</i> = .033). The mean ages between the two groups were similar in the group with a chronic pain disorder compared to the group without (76.35 ± 7.5 year vs 76.81 ± 7.59 year; <i>P</i> = .228). There were significant associations of certain comorbidities in the group with a chronic pain disorder compared to the group without a chronic pain disorder, such as depression (21.9% vs 15.2%; <i>P</i> < .001), anxiety (27.0% vs 17.1%; <i>P</i> < .001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8.7% vs 6.1%; <i>P</i> = .036), obstructive sleep apnea (16.8% vs 11.6%; <i>P</i> = .002), gastroesophageal reflux disease (40.8% vs 29.0%; <i>P</i> < .001), osteoarthritis (49.3% vs 26.1%; <i>P</i> < .001), other rheumatologic diseases (24.9% vs 19.4%; <i>P</i> = .006), and peripheral neuropathy (14.4% vs 5.3%; <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Female sex, depression, anxiety, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, osteoarthritis, other rheumatologic diseases, and peripheral neuropathy were significantly associated with chronic pain disorder in elderly patients, while BMI was not associated with chronic pain disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241233463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex Workers in Canada Face Unequal Access to Healthcare: A Systems Thinking Approach.","authors":"Kaitlyn Squires","doi":"10.1177/21501319241233173","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241233173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite Canada's universal health system, sex workers across the country face an alarmingly high number of barriers when they seek to healthcare services. This has resulted in unmet healthcare needs and substantially poorer health outcomes than the general Canadian population. The objective of this study was to use a systems thinking approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the barriers sex workers face and how access could be improved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis was conducted using a systems thinking methodology, which incorporates systems tools and inquiry processes. The methodology comprised 2 domains of inquiry: (1) Problem Landscape, (2) Solutions Landscape. Systems tools and methods, such as causal loop diagrams, iceberg diagram, and systems mapping, investigated the problem landscape for understanding the interconnected nature of the issue, alongside review of both published and gray literature. An environmental scan explored the current solutions landscape. These methods connected through systemic inquiry processes, including ongoing review and application of diverse perspectives, boundary judgments, interrelationships; enabled gaps and levers of change to be determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main barriers sex workers face are stigma, criminalization, accessibility, and cost of healthcare. The stigma of sex work stems from otherization, paternalism, and moralistic, faith-based beliefs. The barriers unique to sex work are stigma and criminalization; both of which surface as avoidance, dislike, and/or fear of medical professionals. Five gaps each with a lever of change to improve access were identified: (1) Stigma - Collectivization and external collaboration, (2) Criminal status of sex work - Decriminalization, (3) Lack of adequate education - Improved healthcare professional training and anti-discriminatory health policies, (4) Lack of support - Increased community-based healthcare services, (5) Cost of healthcare - Universal coverage of \"secondary\" healthcare components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through reducing the stigma surrounding sex work, making changes that improve the healthcare services that sex workers receive, and collaboration between involved parties, sex workers can be prevented from falling through the cracks of the Canadian healthcare system; lessening the health inequities sex workers face and improving their health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241233173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuri Cartier, Caroline Fichtenberg, Karis Grounds, Nicole Blumenfeld, Laura Gottlieb, Danielle Hessler Jones
{"title":"\"We Need to Know These Things\": Use Cases for Combined Social and Clinical Data Among Primary Care-Based Clinical and Social Care Providers.","authors":"Yuri Cartier, Caroline Fichtenberg, Karis Grounds, Nicole Blumenfeld, Laura Gottlieb, Danielle Hessler Jones","doi":"10.1177/21501319241286306","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241286306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Primary care organizations are increasingly collecting data on patients' social risks, bringing forth an unprecedented opportunity to present combined health and social data that clinical and social care providers could leverage to improve patient care and outcomes. Little is known, however, about how these data could be used and what combinations of specific data elements are most helpful. We explored how primary care staff who provide clinical or social care services view potential benefits of and use cases for combined patient-level clinical and social data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted qualitative interviews or focus groups with 39 social and clinical care providers representing 6 healthcare organizations in San Diego County, California. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, both clinical and social care providers noted the value of access to both types of data. Participants highlighted 3 benefits from integrating social and clinical data. The data could: (1) offer providers a more holistic view of patients' circumstances; (2) strengthen their ability to tailor care to patients' medical and social conditions concurrently; and (3) enhance coordination across care team members. Interviewees cited specific examples of ways social and clinical data could be paired to improve care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social and clinical care providers alike envisioned multiple uses and benefits of accessing combined individual-level clinical and social data, highlighting the potential for practice and policy innovations to facilitate access and uptake of combined data. Future research should focus on ways to increase accessibility of cross-sector data and evaluate the impact of care informed by combined data on patient social and health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241286306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"The Critical Services Are Out of Reach\": Diabetes Management and the Experiences of South Asian Immigrants in Ontario.","authors":"Minal Waqar, Vincent Z Kuuire","doi":"10.1177/21501319241240635","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241240635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. South Asians (individuals originating from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) represent a high-risk ethnicity for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and experience a high prevalence of the disease, even in migrant populations. The objective of this study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of South Asians living with T2D in Ontario, and their utilization of diabetes related services within the provincial healthcare system. Data were obtained from 20 in-depth interviews with South Asian participants diagnosed with T2D and living in the Greater Toronto Area. Our findings indicate a dissatisfaction with Ontario's coverage for diabetes services; varying uptake of recommended health tests, exams, and monitoring equipment; low utilization of additional resources (diabetes centers); and a need for primary care physicians to better facilitate awareness and utilization of available coverages and resources in the community. This study provides support for the fact that even in Canada's universal healthcare system, disparities exist, particularly for ethnic minorities, and that a universal prescription drug coverage component is a crucial step forward to ensure equitable access to health services utilization for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241240635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140207905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of Homeless Temporarily-Housed in Project RoomKey During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Kylie Sloan, Alexis Coulourides Kogan, Jodie Guller, Corinne T Feldman, Brett J Feldman","doi":"10.1177/21501319241234869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21501319241234869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People experiencing unsheltered homelessness (PEUH) have higher disease burden yet limited access to healthcare. COVID-19 introduced even greater risk for PEUH aged 65+ years with an underlying chronic health condition and were temporarily housed in hotels/motels for Project RoomKey (PRK). This study aimed to characterize a PRK cohort who received primary care from a street medicine program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational case series study included a sample of 35 PRK participants receiving primary care from a street medicine team at a single site from July to September 2020. We used the HOUSED BEDS assessment tool for taking history on PEUH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were 63% male, 40% Hispanic/Latino/a, 40% white, 94% English-speaking, and 73% had chronic health conditions. Assessment revealed: average Homelessness (H) of 4 years; 76% had no prior social service Outreach (O); average Utilization (U) was 4 emergency department visits in prior 6-months; 68% received Salary (S) from government income; Food access or Eat (E) was commonly purchased (29%) or donated (26%); clean water to Drink (D) for 59% of participants; 86% had access to a Bathroom (B); Encampment (E) was varied and 38% reported safety concerns; Daily routine (D) showed 76% could access a telephone, 32% received social support from family; 79% reported past or current Substance use (S). No participants contracted COVID-19 during study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study describes health and demographic characteristics of PRK participants in Southern California. Findings inform policies to continue PRK that includes onsite healthcare such as via street medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":46723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Primary Care and Community Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"21501319241234869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10943723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140140916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}