Mohammad Daher, Jean Tarchichi, Ziad Zalaquett, Jack C Casey, Joe Ghanimeh, Jad Mansour
{"title":"Antegrade vs Retrograde Intra-Medullary Nailing in Femoral Shaft Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Daher, Jean Tarchichi, Ziad Zalaquett, Jack C Casey, Joe Ghanimeh, Jad Mansour","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.78871.3623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2024.78871.3623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Femoral shaft fractures are one of the most prevalent fractures found in clinical practice. Numerous operative and non-operative options are readily available for the treatment of such fractures with intra-medullary nailing being the gold standard. To date, no consensus has been reached favoring one approach over the other. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes between an antegrade and retrograde intra-medullary nailing for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar (page 1-20), and Embase were searched till January 2024. The clinical outcomes evaluated were the incidence of adverse events, reoperations, hip and knee pain, and surgery-related parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher rates of hip pain, and heterotopic ossification (p=0.0003, and p=0.0002 respectively) was observed with antegrade nailing. However, a higher rate of knee pain (p=0.02) was appreciated in retrograde nailing. There was no statistically significant difference in the remaining analyzed outcomes such as operative time, reoperation rate or other complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a higher rate of heterotopic ossification using the antegrade nailing technique, both the antegrade and retrograde nailing techniques yield overall similar outcomes. Therefore, the decision to choose one or the other should be based on patient-related factors, and the surgeon's experience and preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 8","pages":"535-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Enhancing Nerve Regeneration in Brachial Plexus Injury in Animals: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Wahyu Widodo, Indah Suci Widyahening, Irfan Kurnia Pratama, Mohamad Walid Kuncoro","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.68053.3224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2024.68053.3224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Brachial plexus injuries (BPI), although rare, often results in significant morbidity. Stem cell was thought to be one of BPI treatment modalities because of their nerve-forming regeneration potential. Although there is a possibility for the use of mesenchymal stem cells as one of BPI treatment, it is still limited on animal studies. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze the role of mesenchymal stem cells in nerve regeneration in animal models of brachial plexus injury.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study is a systematic review with PROSPERO registration number CRD4202128321. Literature searching was conducted using keywords experimental, animal, brachial plexus injury, mesenchymal stem cell implantation, clinical outcomes, electrophysiological outcomes, and histologic outcomes. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The data obtained were described and in-depth analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Four studies were included in this study involving 183 animals from different species those are rats and rabbits. There was an increase in muscle weight and shortened initial onset time of muscle contraction in the group treated with stem cells. Electrophysiological results showed that mesenchymal stem cells exhibited higher (Compound muscle action potential) CMAP amplitude and shorter CMAP latency than control but not better than autograft. Histological outcomes showed an increase in axon density, axon number, and the formation of connections between nerve cells and target muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mesenchymal stem cell implantation to animals with brachial plexus injury showed its ability to regenerate nerve cells as evidenced by clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological results. However, this systematic study involved experimental animals from various species so that the results cannot be uniformed, and conclusion should be drawn cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 3","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kate N Jochimsen, Emilie Kramer, Joshua Van Wyngaarden, Brian Noehren, Michael A Samaan, Stephen T Duncan, Carl G Mattacola, Cale A Jacobs
{"title":"Preoperative Temporal Summation is Associated with Impaired Recovery Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome .","authors":"Kate N Jochimsen, Emilie Kramer, Joshua Van Wyngaarden, Brian Noehren, Michael A Samaan, Stephen T Duncan, Carl G Mattacola, Cale A Jacobs","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.78368.3607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2024.78368.3607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chronic pain is a risk factor for worse outcomes following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Pain sensitization involves the central nervous system perceiving previously innocuous stimuli as noxious. Temporal summation can provide a surrogate measure of sensitization, and may be a clinical tool to identify patients at a higher risk for poor post-hip arthroscopy outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to 1) identify the prevalence of temporal summation in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS, 2) determine if there a difference in postoperative improvement between individuals with and without preoperative temporal summation, and 3) examine preoperative predictors of poor postoperative recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>51 participants undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS underwent preoperative temporal summation testing. Three months postoperatively, 38 participants completed the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) and reported their overall symptomatic improvement (0% to 100%, with 100% being normal). Participants were categorized on the presence ( Numeric Pain Rating Scale; NPRS 2) or absence ( NPRS < 2) of temporal summation. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference in improvement between groups (temporal summation: temporal summation (TS), no temporal summation (NTS), and a linear regression was used to explore predictors of improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>23 (45.1%) of 51 participants displayed preoperative temporal summation. In participants with postoperative data, those with temporal summation reported less improvement than those without (TS: 62.8% 29.7%; NTS: 82.7% 13.9%; p = 0.01; Cohen's d = -0.86). Temporal summation (Beta = -0.48; 95% CI -36.6, -8.7) and mental health disorder (Beta = -0.30; 95% CI -28.0, -0.48) predicted 28.1% of the variance in postoperative improvement (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of preoperative temporal summation is common and related to worse postoperative recovery after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 8","pages":"580-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of the Robotic Arm-Assisted System (MAKO) for Hip Revision Surgery.","authors":"Konstantinos Dretakis, Konstantinos Raptis, Christos Koutserimpas","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.77543.3582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2024.77543.3582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The robotic arm-assisted system (MAKO) has pioneered a transformative approach to hip joint restoration, excelling in reinstating innate hip joint anatomy and biomechanics. This case represents the initial application of the system in revision surgery following a cut-out complication. A 69-year-old female, previously independent and mobile, presented with left hip pain. X-rays revealed a cut-out complication of the proximal nail, necessitating revision to total hip arthroplasty due to the patient's prior activity level and implant prominence. Utilizing the robotic system, preoperative planning accurately identified limb length discrepancy and guided implant sizing. The system facilitated precise acetabular reaming and optimal component placement. The patient regained functional independence. This report also underscores the system's potential for accurate acetabulum component placement and restoration of hip joint anatomy and biomechanics in revision cases. Future advancements in this technology may expand its role in complex reconstructions and revisions, further enhancing patient outcomes in hip arthroplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 8","pages":"608-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparison between Enoxaparin and Aspirin in Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis after Spine Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Amir Kavian, Hamid Rezaee, Seyedeh Fatemeh Darvari, Hassan Mehrad-Majd, Hossein Mashhadinejad","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.74693.3458","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.74693.3458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a significant medical concern characterized by the formation of blood clots within the venous system. Surgical procedures are known to increase the risk of DVT. While enoxaparin has proven to be highly effective in treating DVT, concerns about bleeding and accurate dosage regulation may restrict its application. Recent research has focused on aspirin's potential in preventing DVT after various surgeries. This study aimed to determine whether aspirin was as effective as enoxaparin in preventing DVT after spine surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial enrolled study patients who underwent spine surgery at Shahid Kamyab Emergency Hospital in Mashhad, and had a Caprini score > 5, indicating a higher risk of DVT. In the control group, patients received subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin at a dosage of 40 mg, while the intervention group received oral aspirin tablets with a daily dosage of 81 mg. An experienced radiologist performed a Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs' veins seven days after surgery to diagnose DVT. The outcomes of the two groups were then compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 patients participated in the clinical trial and were equally assigned to the aspirin and enoxaparin groups. Both groups were homogeneous regarding the basic and clinical characteristics. The incidence of postoperative DVT was 4.0% in the aspirin group and 10.0% in the enoxaparin group (p=0.092). The incidence of hemorrhage was 2.0% in the aspirin group and 4.0% in the enoxaparin group (p=0.610).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that aspirin may be a promising alternative to enoxaparin for DVT prevention after surgery, but additional research is essential to validate these results and further assess the benefits and risks associated with aspirin usage in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 6","pages":"412-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the History of Distal Radius Fractures in Patients Over 55 Years Old Suffering from Hip Fractures.","authors":"Hossein Ghafoori, Morteza Kazemi, Saleh Ghorbani","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2023.75188.3477","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ABJS.2023.75188.3477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the incidence of distal radius fractures in patients aged 55 and above who had also experienced hip fractures. Osteoporosis-associated fractures, particularly hip fractures, are common and serious in older individuals with reduced bone density. Previous research has suggested a relationship between hip fractures and distal radius fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included patients over 55 years old who had presented with hip fractures at Akhtar Hospital in the past five years. Patients with a history of hip fractures more than five years before experiencing the distal radius fracture were excluded. Personal information was extracted from medical records, and the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using statistical methods, such as t-tests and paired t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved 1,745 patients with hip fractures and 183 individuals without fractures. The average age of the patients was 75.8±10.4 years old, with the majority being female (59.6%). Among the hip fractures, 59.6%, 34.5%, and 5.9% were intertrochanteric fractures, neck of femur fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures, respectively. Overall, 15.8% of individuals with hip fractures also had distal radius fractures. The average age and gender distribution of the patients were similar in both groups, with no significant difference. However, the prevalence of distal radius fractures was significantly higher in the hip fracture group, compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was found that individuals over the age of 55 with distal radius fractures, especially females, are more susceptible to hip fractures. Distal radius fractures have a significant impact on the occurrence of hip fractures in patients. Therefore, older individuals with osteoporosis should be cautious and avoid high-risk activities that could lead to falls and fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 6","pages":"418-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling Syndesmotic Malreduction: A Proof-of-Concept towards Portable Ultrasound Detection.","authors":"Samir Ghandour, Atta Taseh, Siddhartha Sharma, Matthias Peiffer, Bedri Karaismailoglu, Soheil Ashkani Esfahani, Gregory Waryasz, Daniel Guss","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2023.75672.3503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ABJS.2023.75672.3503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the utility and diagnostic performance of portable handheld ultrasound for evaluating fibular rotation at the distal tibiofibular articulation after syndesmotic disruption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four above-the-knee cadaveric specimens were included. Syndesmotic disruption was precipitated by transecting the Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament, Interosseous Ligament, and Posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament. Thereafter, a proximal fibular osteotomy was performed, and three conditions were modeled at the distal syndesmosis: 1) reduced, 2) 5 degree internal rotation malreduction, and 3) 5 degree external rotation malreduction. Two blinded observers performed separate ultrasonographic examinations for each condition at the level of both the anterior and posterior distal tibiofibular articular surfaces. Syndesmotic gap penetrance, defined as the ability of the P-US to generate signal between the distal fibula and tibia at the level of the incisura, was graded positive if the sonographic waves penetrated between the distal tibiofibular joint and negative if no penetrating waves were detected. The accuracy measures of the anterior and posterior gap penetrance were evaluated individually.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our preliminary results showed that posterior gap penetrance showed good performance when detecting either internal or external rotational malreduction of the fibula with very good specificity (87.5%) and PPV (90.0%). On the other hand, the anterior gap penetrance showed limited performance when detecting either form of rotational malreduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We introduced a novel sign, the \"gap penetrance sign\", best measured from the posterior ankle, which can accurately detect syndesmotic malreduction using P-US in a manner that does not require specific quantitative measurements and is readily accessible to early P-US users.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 3","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasound Applications in Pediatric Orthopedics.","authors":"Themistoklis Tzatzairis, Konstantinos Skarentzos, Christos Grammatikos, Charalampos Karamalis, Konstantinos Korakianitis, Romanos Kourempeles, Georgios Drosos","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.59904.2950","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.59904.2950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging techniques have significantly impacted physicians' capability for diagnosis and differential diagnosis for decades. The aim of this review is to update our knowledge regarding the use of US in orthopedic pediatric patients for diagnostic purposes or procedural/therapeutic purposes. This review demonstrates the application of US in trauma (long bone fractures, radial neck fractures, etc.), developmental anomalies such as developmental dysplasia of the hip and congenital dislocation of the patella, soft tissue pathologies (ganglion cyst, popliteal cyst, hemangioma, lipoma, etc.), tumors, apophysitis, joint effusion, and femoral acetabular impingement. US aid in musculoskeletal procedures has also been reported; US-guided procedures such as aspiration, injection, biopsy, foreign body removal, and peripheral nerve block reduce complications, thus making the procedures safer for the patient. Sonography is a fast, low-cost, mobile, non-invasive, and radiation-free diagnostic tool. Even though US requires a skilled operator and has a long learning curve, in experienced hands is the \"orthopedic surgeon's stethoscope\".</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 7","pages":"457-468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elbow Injuries in Baseball Players: An Orthopedic Perspective.","authors":"Kassem Ghayyad, Daryl C Osbahr","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.82871.3772","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.82871.3772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 11","pages":"742-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mortality Rates and Forensic Causes after Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Serdar Menekse, Fatih Arslanoglu, Hakan Zora","doi":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.77489.3580","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ABJS.2024.77489.3580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite the widely recognised high mortality rate among patients with hip fracture, the variation in death rates by gender and cause has been less explored. This study aimed to investigate mortality rates and causes of death in patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, and to compare them with those of the general population. A secondary objective was to compare the results of Internal Fixation versus Arthroplasty in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based study collected records of 356 consecutive cases of hip fracture. For comparison purposes, data from the general population were also collected, which included residents of Adana city of 65 years and older. Causes of mortality were classified as cancer, dementia, heart disease, lung disease, and digestive disorders, among others. The average follow-up period was 4.2 years, ranging from 0 to 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>105 (29.49%) of the surgical patients perished in one year. At the end of the follow-up, n = 308 (86.52%) of the hip fracture patients had died. Age-adjusted mortality rates after hip fracture surgery were higher for men than for women, with a risk ratio (HR) of 1.48 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) between 1.07 and 2.15. Complications from heart, lung, or blood vessel diseases were the leading causes of death after hip replacement surgery, followed by Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Men were more susceptible to respiratory diseases, cancer, and heart and blood vessel diseases than women. After hip fracture, both the overall mortality rate and the gender-standardised death rate were three times that of the general population for each cause of death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the study period, the mortality risk for hip fracture patients was three times that of the general population for the primary causes of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":46704,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery-ABJS","volume":"12 11","pages":"789-797"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}