Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics最新文献_第7页

Robert Veatch’s transplantation ethics: obtaining and allocating organs from deceased persons 罗伯特·维奇的移植伦理：从死者身上获取和分配器官

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09574-3

J. Childress

引用次数: 2

A defense of surgical procedures regulation. 对外科手术规程的辩护。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09569-0

Mattia Andreoletti, Federico Bina

{"title":"A defense of surgical procedures regulation.","authors":"Mattia Andreoletti, Federico Bina","doi":"10.1007/s11017-022-09569-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-022-09569-0","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of drug regulation in 1962, regulatory agencies have been in the practice of using strict standards to test the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and products. Regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, demand two full-fledged Randomized Clinical Trials demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of drugs to grant its marketing authorization. On the contrary, surgical treatments are left completely unregulated. There are several reasons explaining this difference, and all of them point to the difficulty of conducting well-designed RCTs in surgery. However, we argue that none of these arguments is decisive and that, under certain conditions, surgical RCTs can be morally justified and methodologically sound. Although ethical constraints restrict the number of testable surgical procedures, and surgical trials might not be as dependable as pharmaceutical RCTs, our analysis suggests that, in certain cases, it is possible to obtain high-quality evidence about the safety and efficacy of surgical procedures. Untested surgical treatments may prove to be ineffective and harm patients. Therefore, regulation of surgical procedures seems not only morally acceptable and able to provide reliable scientific evidence, but also desirable and justified from an ethical-political standpoint.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":"43 2-3","pages":"155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9388414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10501583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Relational autonomy and the clinical relationship in dementia care 关系自主与痴呆护理的临床关系

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09580-5

E. Klein

引用次数: 2

Thomas Boggatz (ed.): Quality of life and person-centered care for older people : Springer, Cham (Switzerland), 2020, 466 pp, $45, ISBN: ISBN 978-3-030-29989-7. Thomas Boggatz(编):老年人的生活质量和以人为中心的护理:Springer, Cham(瑞士)，2020,466页，45美元，ISBN: ISBN 978-3-030-29989-7。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09568-1

Nunziata Comoretto

引用次数: 0

Defending secular clinical ethics expertise from an Engelhardt-inspired sense of theoretical crisis 从恩格尔哈特启发的理论危机意识中捍卫世俗临床伦理学专业知识

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09566-3

Abram Brummett

{"title":"Defending secular clinical ethics expertise from an Engelhardt-inspired sense of theoretical crisis","authors":"Abram Brummett","doi":"10.1007/s11017-022-09566-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-022-09566-3","url":null,"abstract":"The national standards for clinical ethics consultation set forth by the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) endorse an “ethics facilitation” approach, which characterizes the role of the ethicist as one skilled at facilitating consensus within the range of ethically acceptable options. To determine the range of ethically acceptable options, ASBH recommends the standard model of decision-making (informed consent, advance directives, surrogates, best interests), which is grounded in the values of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. has sharply criticized the standard model for presuming contentful moral claims in circumscribing the range of ethically acceptable options, which, he argues, cannot be rationally justified in a pluralistic context. Engelhardt’s solution is a secular clinical ethics based on a contentless principle of permission. The first part of this article lays out Engelhardt’s negative claim, that reason cannot establish contentful moral claims, and his positive claim, that secular clinical ethics ought to be based on a contentless principle of permission. The second part critiques these negative and positive claims. The purpose of this paper is to defend secular clinical ethics expertise—defined as the ability of ethicists to offer justified moral recommendations grounded in consensus positions endorsed by the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities—from the radical critiques of Engelhardt, who argues that no moral or metaphysical claims, and hence no bioethical consensus, can be rationally justified. Engelhardt’s critiques have caused some to worry that secular clinical ethics is in a state of theoretical crisis; this article concludes that Engelhardt’s view is an unstable basis for that worry.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":"75 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

To harvest, procure, or receive? Organ transplantation metaphors and the technological imaginary 收获、获得或接受?器官移植隐喻和技术想象

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09563-6

Jordan Mason

{"title":"To harvest, procure, or receive? Organ transplantation metaphors and the technological imaginary","authors":"Jordan Mason","doi":"10.1007/s11017-022-09563-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-022-09563-6","url":null,"abstract":"One must technologize bodies to conceive of organ transplantation. Organs must be envisioned as replaceable parts, serving mechanical functions for the workings of the body. In this way, it becomes possible to imagine exchanging someone’s organs without changing anything essential about the selfhood of the person. But to envision organs as mechanical parts is phenomenologically uncomfortable; thus, the terminology used to describe the practice of organ retrieval seems to attempt other, less technological ways of viewing the human body. In this paper, I analyze three common metaphors that currently contextualize the process of organ retrieval in English-speaking communities: harvesting the agrarian body, procuring the commodified body, and receiving the gifted body. These powerful images constrain the gaze toward the body in important ways. Every gaze both obscures and reveals. While each of these three metaphors makes sense of some aspects of organ retrieval, each of them is ultimately subject to being overtaken by what Jeffrey Bishop calls the technological imaginary. This imaginary deploys a gaze that obscures important elements of what it means to be human and does violence to parts of the phenomenological experience of transplantation and bodily existence. I argue that no matter how hard one tries to avoid the technological aspect of transplantation practices by embracing nonviolent metaphors—even the metaphor of gifting, which seems the most promising—it will never be possible to fully resist organ transplantation’s violence toward our phenomenological sense of embodiment.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138508563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The inviolateness of life and equal protection: a defense of the dead-donor rule 生命的不可侵犯性与平等保护:对死亡捐赠者规则的辩护

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09557-4

Adam Omelianchuk

引用次数: 1

Maureen L. Condic: Untangling twinning: what science tells us about the nature of human embryos 莫琳·l·康迪克:解开双胞胎之谜:科学告诉我们人类胚胎的本质

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09560-9

F. Beckwith

引用次数: 0

Ilora Finlay and Robert Preston: Death by appointment: a rational guide to the assisted dying debate Ilora Finlay和Robert Preston：预约死亡：辅助死亡辩论的理性指南

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09555-y

John Keown

引用次数: 7

Philosophy of medicine in 2021. 2021 年的医学哲学。

IF 1.1 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-022-09562-7

Jeremy R Simon, Maël Lemoine

引用次数: 0