Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics最新文献_第10页

Experimental philosophy of medicine and the concepts of health and disease. 医学的实验哲学以及健康和疾病的概念。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09550-3

Walter Veit

引用次数: 14

Transposon dynamics and the epigenetic switch hypothesis. 转座子动力学和表观遗传开关假说。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09548-x

Stefan Linquist, Brady Fullerton

{"title":"Transposon dynamics and the epigenetic switch hypothesis.","authors":"Stefan Linquist, Brady Fullerton","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09548-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09548-x","url":null,"abstract":"The recent explosion of interest in epigenetics is often portrayed as the dawning of a scientific revolution that promises to transform biomedical science along with developmental and evolutionary biology. Much of this enthusiasm surrounds what we call the epigenetic switch hypothesis, which regards certain examples of epigenetic inheritance as an adaptive organismal response to environmental change. This interpretation overlooks an alternative explanation in terms of coevolutionary dynamics between parasitic transposons and the host genome. This raises a question about whether epigenetics researchers tend to overlook transposon dynamics more generally. To address this question, we surveyed a large sample of scientific publications on the topics of epigenetics and transposons over the past fifty years. We found that enthusiasm for epigenetics is often inversely related to interest in transposon dynamics across the four disciplines we examined. Most surprising was a declining interest in transposons within biomedical science and cellular and molecular biology over the past two decades. Also notable was a delayed and relatively muted enthusiasm for epigenetics within evolutionary biology. An analysis of scientific abstracts from the past twenty-five years further reveals systematic differences among disciplines in their uses of the term epigenetic, especially with respect to heritability commitments and functional interpretations. Taken together, these results paint a nuanced picture of the rise of epigenetics and the possible neglect of transposon dynamics, especially among biomedical scientists.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39734514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A plea for an experimental philosophy of medicine. 对医学实验哲学的请求。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09551-2

Andreas De Block, Kristien Hens

引用次数: 4

Pain priors, polyeidism, and predictive power: a preliminary investigation into individual differences in ordinary thought about pain. 疼痛先验、多义性和预测力：关于疼痛的普通思维中个体差异的初步调查。

IF 1.1 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09552-1

Emma Borg, Sarah A Fisher, Nat Hansen, Richard Harrison, Deepak Ravindran, Tim V Salomons, Harriet Wilkinson

{"title":"Pain priors, polyeidism, and predictive power: a preliminary investigation into individual differences in ordinary thought about pain.","authors":"Emma Borg, Sarah A Fisher, Nat Hansen, Richard Harrison, Deepak Ravindran, Tim V Salomons, Harriet Wilkinson","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09552-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-021-09552-1","url":null,"abstract":"According to standard philosophical and clinical understandings, pain is an essentially mental phenomenon (typically, a kind of conscious experience). In a challenge to this standard conception, a recent burst of empirical work in experimental philosophy, such as that by Justin Sytsma and Kevin Reuter, purports to show that people ordinarily conceive of pain as an essentially bodily phenomenon-specifically, a quality of bodily disturbance. In response to this bodily view, other recent experimental studies have provided evidence that the ordinary ('folk') concept of pain is more complex than previously assumed: rather than tracking only bodily or only mental aspects of pain, the ordinary concept of pain can actually track either of these aspects. The polyeidic (or 'many ideas') analysis of the folk concept of pain, as proposed by Emma Borg et al., captures this complexity. Whereas previous empirical support for the polyeidic view has focused on the context-sensitivity of the folk concept of pain, here we discuss individual differences in people's 'pain priors'-namely, their standing tendencies to think of pain in relatively mind-centric or body-centric ways. We describe a preliminary empirical study and present a small number of findings, which will be explored further in future work. The results we discuss are part of a larger programme of work which seeks to integrate philosophical pain research into clinical practice. For example, we hypothesise that variations in how patients with chronic pain are thinking about pain could help predict their responses to treatment.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39734904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental philosophical bioethics and normative inference. 实验哲学生命伦理学与规范推理。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09546-z

Brian D Earp, Jonathan Lewis, Vilius Dranseika, Ivar R Hannikainen

引用次数: 18

Diagnosing death: the "fuzzy area" between life and decomposition. 诊断死亡:生命和腐烂之间的“模糊区域”。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09541-4

María A Carrasco, Luca Valera

{"title":"Diagnosing death: the \"fuzzy area\" between life and decomposition.","authors":"María A Carrasco, Luca Valera","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09541-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09541-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to determine whether it is necessary to propose the extreme of putrefaction as the only unmistakable sign in diagnosing the death of the human organism, as David Oderberg does in a recent paper. To that end, we compare Oderberg's claims to those of other authors who align with him in espousing the so-called theory of hylomorphism but who defend either a neurological or a circulatory-respiratory criterion for death. We then establish which interpretation of biological phenomena is the most reasonable within the metaphysical framework of hylomorphism. In this regard, we hold that technology does not obscure the difference between life and death or confect metaphysically anomalous beings, such as living human bodies who are not organisms or animals of the human species who are informed by a vegetative soul, but instead demands a closer and more careful look at the \"fuzzy area\" between a healthy (living) organism and a decaying corpse. In the light of hylomorphism, we conclude that neurological and circulatory-respiratory criteria are not good instruments for diagnosing death, since they can offer only probabilistic prognoses of death. Of the two, brain death is further away from the moment of death as it merely predicts cardiac arrest that will likely result in death. Putrefaction, the criterion that Oderberg proposes, is at the opposite end of the fuzzy area. This is undoubtedly a true diagnosis of death, but it is not necessary to wait for putrefaction proper-a relatively late stage of decomposition-to be sure that death has already occurred. Rather, early cadaveric phenomena demonstrate that the matter composing a body is subject to the basic forces governing all matter in its environment and has thus succumbed to the universal current of entropy, meaning that the entropy-resisting activity has ceased to constitute an organismal unity. When this unity is lost, there is no possibility of return.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11017-021-09541-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25587360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-cultural bioethics: lessons from the Sub-Saharan African philosophy of ubuntu. 跨文化生物伦理学:来自撒哈拉以南非洲乌班图哲学的教训。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09547-y

James E Sabin

引用次数: 0

Patient confidentiality, the duty to protect, and psychotherapeutic care: perspectives from the philosophy of ubuntu. 病人保密，保护的责任，和心理治疗护理:从乌班图哲学的观点。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09545-0

Cornelius Ewuoso

{"title":"Patient confidentiality, the duty to protect, and psychotherapeutic care: perspectives from the philosophy of ubuntu.","authors":"Cornelius Ewuoso","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09545-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09545-0","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates how ubuntu relational philosophy may be used to ground beneficial coercive care without necessarily violating a patient's dignity. Specifically, it argues that ubuntu philosophy is a useful theory for developing necessary conditions for determining a patient's potential dangerousness; setting reasonable limits to the duty to protect; balancing the long-term good of providing unimpeded therapy for patients who need it with the short-term good of protecting at-risk parties; and advancing a framework for future case law and appropriate regulations in the care of psychotherapy patients. Issues regarding the decision to breach medical confidentiality in psychotherapeutic care are ultimately reserved for the courts. Professional assessment might be an important first step in this process, and court rulings govern most aspects of this assessment. However, current case law, especially in the United States, places an unreasonable expectation on psychotherapists to protect all at-risk parties or foresee that a patient intends to follow through on said threats. It has largely failed to guarantee psychotherapy patients unlimited access to care, while potentially inhibiting future honest communication between patients and health professionals and endangering the safety of others. Of these decisions, the two most prominent are the 1976 Tarasoff decision and the 2016 Volk decision. This paper argues for the possibility of grounding good laws in ubuntu African philosophy in a way that protects others from harm and ensures unimpeded access to care without necessarily breaching medical confidentiality.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39417025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Telling it like it was: dignity therapy and moral reckoning in palliative care. 实话实说:姑息治疗中的尊严治疗和道德清算。

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-021-09542-3

Duff R Waring

{"title":"Telling it like it was: dignity therapy and moral reckoning in palliative care.","authors":"Duff R Waring","doi":"10.1007/s11017-021-09542-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09542-3","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a conceptual analysis of self-respect and self-esteem that informs the ethics of psychotherapy in palliative care. It is focused on Chochinov's Dignity Therapy, an internationally recognized treatment offered to dying patients who express a need to bolster their sense of self-worth. Although Dignity Therapy aims to help such patients affirm their value through summarized life stories that are shared with their survivors, it is not grounded in a robust theory of self-respect. There is reason to be skeptical about deathbed narratives, and Dignity Therapy can unintentionally encourage distorted representations at odds with the self-respect it aims to affirm. Dignity therapy can also encourage distortions of self-esteem that are in conflict with self-respect. Although Chochinov does not address it, the distinction between self-respect and self-esteem is relevant to deathbed accounts. Dillon's feminist revisioning of self-respect can inform the practice of Dignity Therapy by encouraging honest life stories through a reckoning with one's moral complexity, especially in moral generativity cases where patients seek forgiveness, relate atonement, or present their lives as examples to be followed. Her concept of self-esteem allows for therapeutic benefits that are less demanding, but no less significant, than those derived from a moral reckoning. Appropriate affirmations of self-esteem can provide much-needed solace when self-respect is damaged beyond adequate repair. Dillon's account of self-respect and self-esteem enables a richer understanding of the kinds of personal evaluation and disclosure that Dignity Therapy accommodates. As such, their place in Dignity Therapy needs more critical evaluation than it has received.","PeriodicalId":46703,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11017-021-09542-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39313429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical conversations at the crossroads 十字路口的关键对话

IF 1.4 3区哲学

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-020-09538-5

William G. Hoy

引用次数: 0