{"title":"Submissive Behavior and Cyber Bullying: A Study on the Mediator Roles of Cyber Victimization and Moral Disengagement.","authors":"Bahtiyar Eraslan-Çapan, Fuad Bakioğlu","doi":"10.5334/pb.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to prevent cyberbullying and cyber-victim behaviors that are very common among adolescents, it is important to investigate the factors that underlie these behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediator roles of cyber victimization and moral disengagement in the relationship between submissive behavior and cyber bullying. The participants involved 370 Turkish adolescents (female: 47%; male, 53%). The age of participants ranged between 12 and 19 years (M = 15.92, SD = 1.87). Data were collected using the Submissive Behavior Scale, the Cyber Bullying Scale, the Cyber Victimization Scale, and the Moral Disengagement Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A bootstrapping analysis was conducted in order to determine any indirect effects. Structural equation modeling results provided evidence of indirect effects of submissive behavior on cyber bullying mediated by cyber victimization and moral disengagement. Bootstrapping showed that submissive behavior exerted a significant indirect effect on cyber bullying via cyber victimization and moral disengagement. The findings emphasized the role of youth cyber victimization and moral disengagement in explaining the relationship between submissive behavior and cyber bullying. The results of the study were discussed based on relevant literature, and suggestions for future studies were made.</p>","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"60 1","pages":"18-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37523334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Eben, Joël Billieux, Frederick Verbruggen
{"title":"Clarifying the Role of Negative Emotions in the Origin and Control of Impulsive Actions.","authors":"Charlotte Eben, Joël Billieux, Frederick Verbruggen","doi":"10.5334/pb.502","DOIUrl":"10.5334/pb.502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This critical review elaborates on the origin of impulsive actions and how these can be controlled. We focus in particular on the role of negative events. First, we outline how impulsive actions often originate from negative events that are (emotionally) appraised. A discrepancy between this current state and a desired goal state leads to action tendencies. The urgency of the resulting action depends on the importance of the goal and the size of the discrepancy. Second, we discuss how such impulsive actions can be regulated or controlled e.g. by biasing competition between different options, or by completely suppressing all motor output. Importantly, such control mechanisms might also depend on emotional factors. To reconcile these findings, we present a coherent theoretical framework, taking into account various cognitive, affective, and motivational mechanisms as well as contextual factors that play a crucial role in the origin and control of impulsive actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37523333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Barbu, Audrey Gonzalez, Sophie Gillet, M. Poncelet
{"title":"Cognitive Advantage in Children Enrolled in a Second-Language Immersion Elementary School Program for One Year","authors":"Cristina Barbu, Audrey Gonzalez, Sophie Gillet, M. Poncelet","doi":"10.5334/pb.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.469","url":null,"abstract":"Early bilingualism has been shown to improve attentional and executive functioning. Nicolay and Poncelet (2013a, 2015) have shown that an early immersion program in school of 3 years improves the completion of tasks assessing these skills. This study aimed to determine whether similar benefits might be present after only 1 year of immersion education. The study also observed whether these potential advantages might also have a positive effect on the academic achievement. Participants included 59 immersed children and 57 monolingual controls. The two groups were compared using the same tasks as those employed by Nicolay and Poncelet (2015). The immersed children showed faster responses in comparison to monolinguals on the selective auditory task. No significant differences were observed on the other attentional, executive, or academic tasks. These outcomes suggest that a period of immersion education as short as 1 year can yield cognitive advantages associated with bilingualism.","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"416 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44899586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Norm and Deviance-Seeking Personal Orientation Scale (NDPOS) Adapted to the Organisational Context","authors":"G. Déprez, A. Battistelli, Mirko Antino","doi":"10.5334/pb.462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.462","url":null,"abstract":"Deviance theory introduces a behavioural view on constructive and destructive deviance to explain how an individual’s intent can harm or improve organisational well-being. However, to our knowledge, no scale exists that evaluates the personal orientation aspect of deviance and normativity. This article discusses the creation of the Norm and Deviance-Seeking Personal Orientation Scale (NDPOS). To create this scale, we studied the psychometric properties of the instrument using data from French workers. NDPOS exploratory analysis indicated a 12-item scale composed of four factors: normative conformity, normative rule adequacy, deviant performance seeking, and deviant proactivity seeking. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the factorial structure in four sub-scales. Convergent and discriminant validity indicated that deviant dimensions were positively related to expressing voice, cognitive flexibility, and deviant behaviours, whereas normativity dimensions were negatively or not related to these behaviours. Furthermore, opposite relations between the conformity construct and the four factors were observed. Practical implications and suggestions for the development of future research on constructive deviance theory are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"393 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Eberlen, Emmanuel Nicaise, Sarah Leveaux, Youri L. Mora, O. Klein
{"title":"Psychometrics Anonymous: Does a Transparent Data Sharing Policy Affect Data Collection?","authors":"J. Eberlen, Emmanuel Nicaise, Sarah Leveaux, Youri L. Mora, O. Klein","doi":"10.5334/pb.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.503","url":null,"abstract":"As researchers, we are advised to share our data to improve transparency and increase the reproducibility of experiments. Simultaneously, making data freely accessible can raise ethical questions regarding the participants’ privacy. We first outline the challenges regarding “open data” for researchers in light of the GDPR. Then, we turn to the impact of an open-access data sharing policy on the participants: could the participants’ knowledge about the future use of the data alter the data itself? Through two pre-registered studies (N = 193, collected on campus and N = 543, online participation), we investigate whether disclosing that anonymized data will be publicly shared vs. not shared influences a potential participants’ intention to take part in the study. Using both frequentist and Bayesian analysis, we conclude towards an absence of effect of a difference in data sharing policy on scores in the Big Five questionnaire and social desirability, careless response behavior, and results in the anchoring paradigm. In the second study, a lexicometric analysis of participants’ reactions to openly sharing data reveals a readiness to share data and support transparency under the condition of preserved anonymity. Hence, if anonymity can be ensured, there seems to be no methodological or ethical drawback in transparent and open data sharing policies for many psychological studies.","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"373 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lee Jussim, Jon A Krosnick, Sean T Stevens, Stephanie M Anglin
{"title":"A Social Psychological Model of Scientific Practices: Explaining Research Practices and Outlining the Potential for Successful Reforms.","authors":"Lee Jussim, Jon A Krosnick, Sean T Stevens, Stephanie M Anglin","doi":"10.5334/pb.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A crescendo of incidents have raised concerns about whether scientific practices in psychology may be suboptimal, sometimes leading to the publication, dissemination, and application of unreliable or misinterpreted findings. Psychology has been a leader in identifying possibly suboptimal practices and proposing reforms that might enhance the efficiency of the scientific process and the publication of robust evidence and interpretations. To help shape future efforts, this paper offers a model of the psychological and socio-structural forces and processes that may influence scientists' practices. The model identifies practices targeted by interventions and reforms, and which practices remain unaddressed. The model also suggests directions for empirical research to assess how best to enhance the effectiveness of psychological inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"353-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6743032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preregistration of Analyses of Preexisting Data.","authors":"Gaëtan Mertens, Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos","doi":"10.5334/pb.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The preregistration of a study's hypotheses, methods, and data-analyses steps is becoming a popular psychological research practice. To date, most of the discussion on study preregistration has focused on the preregistration of studies that include the collection of original data. However, much of the research in psychology relies on the (re-)analysis of preexisting data. Importantly, this type of studies is different from original studies as researchers cannot change major aspects of the study (e.g., experimental manipulations, sample size). Here, we provide arguments as to why it is useful to preregister analyses of preexisting data, discuss practical considerations, consider potential concerns, and introduce a preregistration template tailored for studies focused on the analyses of preexisting data. We argue that the preregistration of hypotheses and data-analyses for analyses of preexisting data is an important step towards more transparent psychological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"338-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6706998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina B Reimer, Zhang Chen, Carsten Bundt, Charlotte Eben, Raquel E London, Sirarpi Vardanian
{"title":"Open Up - the Mission Statement of the Control of Impulsive Action (Ctrl-ImpAct) Lab on Open Science.","authors":"Christina B Reimer, Zhang Chen, Carsten Bundt, Charlotte Eben, Raquel E London, Sirarpi Vardanian","doi":"10.5334/pb.494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present paper is the mission statement of the Control of Impulsive Action (Ctrl-ImpAct) Lab regarding Open Science. As early-career researchers (ECRs) in the lab, we first state our personal motivation to conduct research based on the principles of Open Science. We then describe how we incorporate four specific Open Science practices (i.e., Open Methodology, Open Data, Open Source, and Open Access) into our scientific workflow. In more detail, we explain how Open Science practices are embedded into the so-called 'co-pilot' system in our lab. The 'co-pilot' researcher is involved in all tasks of the 'pilot' researcher, that is designing a study, double-checking experimental and data analysis scripts, as well as writing the manuscript. The lab has set up this co-pilot system to increase transparency, reduce potential errors that could occur during the entire workflow, and to intensify collaborations between lab members. Finally, we discuss potential solutions for general problems that could arise when practicing Open Science.</p>","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"321-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6707000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Performance Work Systems and Well-Being: Mediating Role of Work-to-Family Interface","authors":"A. Babic, F. Stinglhamber, I. Hansez","doi":"10.5334/pb.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.473","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the effects of High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS), we can draw two conclusions. First, existing studies on the effects of HPWS on employees’ well-being at work are scarce. Second, few studies have considered the relationships between HPWS and work-to-family interface (i.e., work-to-family enrichment, WFE; and work-to-family conflict, WFC). Only one previous study conducted on a Portuguese sample (i.e., Carvalho & Chambel, 2016) has examined the relationships between these concepts in a comprehensive model. Our study aims to replicate one part of Carvalho and Chambel’s model but also to extend previous work. We investigated a model of HPWS-employees’ well-being at work (i.e., job engagement and job strain) relationships by considering work-to-family interface as a mediator. We surveyed 170 employees of a Belgian company. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method. WFE partially mediates the relationships between HPWS and job engagement, whereas WFC partially mediates the relationships between HPWS and job strain. Our study, confirming the results of Carvalho and Chambel (2016), highlights the important role of HPWS in the development of employees’ well-being at work. Working in an organization where HPWS are applied leads employees to perceive more enrichment and less conflict between their work and family lives, making them more engaged in and less stressed by their work.","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"301 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41791155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition Times for 54 Thousand Dutch Words: Data from the Dutch Crowdsourcing Project.","authors":"Marc Brysbaert, Emmanuel Keuleers, Paweł Mandera","doi":"10.5334/pb.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a new database of Dutch word recognition times for a total of 54 thousand words, called the Dutch Crowdsourcing Project. The data were collected with an internet vocabulary test. The database is limited to native Dutch speakers. Participants were asked to indicate which words they knew. Their response times were registered, even though the participants were not asked to respond as fast as possible. Still, the response times correlate around .7 with the response times of the Dutch Lexicon Projects for shared words. Also results of virtual experiments indicate that the new response times are a valid addition to the Dutch Lexicon Projects. This not only means that we have useful response times for some 20 thousand extra words, but we now also have data on differences in response latencies as a function of education and age. The new data correspond better to word use in the Netherlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":46662,"journal":{"name":"Psychologica Belgica","volume":"59 1","pages":"281-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6659767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}