Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Perspectives on Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Strategies in the United States: Looking Back, Looking Forward.","authors":"Claire D Brindis, Martha J Decker, Abigail Gutmann-Gonzalez, Nancy F Berglas","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S219949","DOIUrl":"10.2147/AHMT.S219949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attempts to solve the \"problem of adolescent pregnancy\" have long been a  focus of national, state, and local efforts in the United States. This review article summarizes trends and strategies around adolescent pregnancy prevention, provides lessons learned and best practices, and presents ideas for future directions. Over the past decades, a wide variety of policy and programmatic interventions have been implemented - including educational efforts, clinical health services, and community-wide coalitions - accompanied by a growing consensus regarding viable solutions. While notable reductions in adolescent pregnancy and childbearing have occurred across all sociodemographic groups, racial/ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities persist. Many adolescents who most need sexual health information and services are underserved by current programs and policies. A growing understanding of the role of social determinants of health, the impacts of structural racism, and the need for equity and inclusion must inform the next set of interventions and societal commitments to not only ameliorate the occurrence of unintended adolescent pregnancy but also foster healthy adolescent development. Recommendations for future efforts include improving the content, quality, and sustainability of education programs; actively engaging youth in the design of policies, programs, and clinical services; using technology thoughtfully to improve health literacy; expanding access to services through telehealth and other delivery options; and designing programs and policies that recognize and address structural racism, health equity, and inclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"11 ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/67/ahmt-11-135.PMC7567553.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10835049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect and features of information technology-based interventions on self-management in adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review","authors":"Raheleh Ganjali, Farnaz Khoshrounejad, Mohammad Reza Mazaheri Habibi, Z. Taherzadeh, Reza Golmakani, S. M. Mostafavi, S. Eslami","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S200801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S200801","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Adolescent and young adult periods are characterized by increased risk-taking, impulsive behavior, and nonadherence issues, which makes it equally challenging for patients and their health care professionals. Health information technology (IT) has the potential to empower patients. Objective Determine the effects and features of IT-based interventions for self-management of adolescents and young adults in kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods A comprehensive survey was done on Medline and Scopus in September 2018. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies focused on automated IT-based interventions. Studies contained information about adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients aged under 25, all published in English. The articles were combined with each other based on the classification of outcomes, the type of interventions, and their impact. The studies were categorized based on the impact of interventions as positive and statistically significant, with no effect, or a combined effect (both positive significance and without effect). Results In this review, of a total of 2,242 retrieved articles, collected from Scopus and PubMed databases, 5 studies met the full-text inclusion criteria. Interventions were performed using computerized systems (3 studies), smartphone application/personal digital ass (PDA) (1 study), and multiple components (1 study). These studies evaluated 15 outcomes, including 7 care process and 8 clinical outcomes. In 6 of 15 outcomes (40%), interventions had a statistically significant positive effect. Conclusion IT-based interventions such as mobile health/personal digital assistant(PDA), computer systems and multi-component have the potential to improve self-management in adolescents and young adult kidney transplant recipients (care process outcomes). It is recommended to conduct complementary research to examine the effect of IT-based self-management interventions on clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"173 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/AHMT.S200801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bracing In The Treatment Of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Evidence To Date","authors":"Nikos Karavidas","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S190565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S190565","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brace effectiveness for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was controversial until recent studies provided high quality of evidence that bracing can decrease likelihood of progression and need for operative treatment. Very low evidence exists regarding bracing over 40ο and adult degenerative scoliosis. Initial in-brace correction and compliance seem to be the most important predictive factors for successful treatment outcome. However, the amount of correction and adherence to wearing hours have not been established yet. Moderate evidence suggests that thoracic and double curves, and curves over 30ο at an early growth stage have more risk for failure. High and low body mass index scores are also associated with low successful rates. CAD/CAM braces have shown better initial correction and are more comfortable than conventional plaster cast braces. For a curve at high risk of progression, rigid and day-time braces are significantly more effective than soft or night-time braces. No safe conclusion on effectiveness can be drawn while comparing symmetrical and asymmetrical brace designs. The addition of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises in brace treatment can provide better outcomes and is recommended, when possible. Despite the growing evidence for brace effectiveness, there is still an imperative need for future high methodological quality studies to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"153 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/AHMT.S190565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48456269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Join Or Not To Join? A Case Of Sickle Cell Clubs, Stigma And Discrimination In Secondary Schools In Butambala District, Uganda","authors":"Sharifu K Tusuubira, Tracy Naggawa, Victoria Nakamoga","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S223956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S223956","url":null,"abstract":"Background People living with sickle cell face a lot of stigma and discrimination in Uganda. This stigma is as a result of the lack of the general conceptualization of this condition. For students, the stigma is often due to their differences like jaundice, delayed sexual maturation, and physical growth. This makes individuals with SCD targets for teasing and bullying. This study assessed the knowledge and perception among secondary school students in a rural district of Butambala at nine selected schools. The study also evaluated the use of sickle cell clubs as a tool for behavior change towards the associated stigma and discrimination. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess knowledge and perception towards sickle cell disease in secondary schools in Butambala district using self-administered questionnaires prior to and after set up of the sickle cell clubs. Results Out of the 375 student participants (59.5% female, 40.5% male) the majority (87.5%) were below 18 years; 68% of the respondents did not know that sickle cell is a genetic condition; 87.5% of the respondents highlighted that it is important for people with SCD to attend school; 54.4% of the respondents reported that people with SCD should not be given equal rights, while 56.0% of the respondents noted that people with SCD should not socialize. Conclusion It is evident the there is a big gap in sickle cell awareness among secondary school students coupled with a high level of stigma and discrimination. Sickle cell clubs have a positive effect towards behavior change while providing SCD knowledge and information.","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"145 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/AHMT.S223956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor Sleep And Adolescent Obesity Risk: Respiratory Dysfunction [Letter].","authors":"Bruno Bordoni","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S231168","DOIUrl":"10.2147/AHMT.S231168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive youth development: current perspectives.","authors":"Daniel Tl Shek, Diya Dou, Xiaoqin Zhu, Wenyu Chai","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S179946","DOIUrl":"10.2147/AHMT.S179946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review outlines the current perspectives on positive youth development (PYD). Besides presenting the diverse theoretical roots contributing to PYD approaches, this review also introduces several PYD perspectives, including Benson's 40 developmental assets, Lerner's 5Cs and 6Cs conceptions, Catalano's 15 PYD constructs, social-emotional learning (SEL) and the \"being\" perspective (character and spirituality). A comparison of the different PYD models in terms of theoretical orientation, the role of community, spirituality, character/morality, thriving, \"being\" versus \"doing\" and origin is also presented. The review suggests three future research directions, including the development of spirituality and character approaches to PYD, differentiating the role of \"being\" versus \"doing\" in PYD and construction of PYD models as well as conducting related research in non-Western contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"131-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6756153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor sleep and adolescent obesity risk: a narrative review of potential mechanisms","authors":"K. Duraccio, Kendra N. Krietsch, Marie L. Chardon, T. V. Van Dyk, D. Beebe","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S219594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S219594","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poor sleep is related to increased obesity risk in adolescents, though the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the various pathways that have been proposed to drive this relationship. In this framework, increased food reward, emotional reactivity, decreased inhibitory control, metabolic disturbances, poorer dietary quality, and disrupted meal timings may increase the likelihood of increasing overall energy intake. This paper further notes how poor sleep increases sedentary behavior and screen time, which likely limits overall energy expenditure. The model posits that these mechanisms result in an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure following poor sleep, intensifying the overall risk for obesity. Increases in food reward processes, decreases in insulin sensitivity, disrupted meal timing, and increases in sedentary behavior seem to be the most compelling mechanisms linking poor sleep with increased obesity risk in adolescents. Future directions and clinical implications of this framework are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"117 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/AHMT.S219594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating knowledge into action to prevent pediatric and adolescent diabesity: a meeting report.","authors":"Janatani Balakumaran, Yun-Ya Kao, Kuan-Wen Wang, Gabriel M Ronen, James MacKillop, Lehana Thabane, M Constantine Samaan","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S209922","DOIUrl":"10.2147/AHMT.S209922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) rates are at an all-time high globally. This diabesity epidemic is increasingly impacting children and adolescents, and there is scarce evidence of interventions with favourable long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In order to understand the determinants of diabesity and how to address them, multiple stakeholders were invited to a meeting to discuss current state of knowledge and to help design a program to prevent pediatric and adolescent diabesity.</p><p><strong>Participants and methods: </strong>The meeting was held at McMaster University on March 4th, 2015. The event involved presentations to deliver state-of-the-art knowledge about diabesity, and roundtable discussions of several domains including nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and mental health. Discussion transcripts were analyzed using NVivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine participants took part in the workshop. They included clinical healthcare professionals, public health, Aboriginal Patient Navigator, research scientists, students, and patients with family members. A total of 628 reference counts from the roundtable discussions were coded under 20 emerging themes. Participants believed that the most important elements of the program involve the provision of knowledge and education, family involvement, patient motivation, location of program delivery, and use of surveys and questionnaires for outcome measurement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective pediatric and adolescent diabesity prevention programs should be conceptualized by multidisciplinary stakeholders and embrace the complexity of diabesity with multiprong interventions. This meeting provided a framework for developing such interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6716568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43458613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health care professional perceptions of online information and support for young people with cancer in the United Kingdom","authors":"S. Lea, A. Martins, S. Morgan, J. Cargill, R. Taylor, L. Fern","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S211142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S211142","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The internet is integral to young people, providing round-the-clock access to information and support. Young people with cancer report searching for online information and support. What they search for and why varies across their timeline and is mainly driven by negative emotion. We sought to understand how health care professionals (HCPs) perceived online information and support for young people with cancer. Population and methods Semi-structured interviews with eight HCPs across the UK informed the development of a survey, completed by 38 HCPs. Framework analysis was used to identify key themes and the survey was analyzed descriptively. Results Seven themes emerged as integral to HCP’s perceptions of online information and support, these included: views about young people’s use of online resources; how needs change along the cancer timeline; different platforms where HCPs refer young people to online; whether young people’s online needs are currently met; recognition of the emotional relationship between young people and the internet; barriers and concerns when referring young people to online resources; and strategies used in practice. Conclusion Professionals play an important role in signposting young people to online resources, where they are confident about the accuracy and delivery of information. The biggest perceived barrier to facilitating online access was the cost to the NHS, and most concerning factor for HCPs was keeping young people safe online. There is a need to develop online resources specific for young people on psychosocial topics beyond treatment to support young people and HCPs through this period.","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"103 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/AHMT.S211142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48568822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a community crash reenactment program on teen alcohol awareness and behavior","authors":"J. Hafner, B. Bleess, Michelle Folake Famakinwa, Huaping Wang, Monica L. Coleman","doi":"10.2147/AHMT.S191079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S191079","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death in US teens, encompassing greater than one in three deaths. Mock crash reenactments have been used to promote awareness in communities about the effects of drinking and driving. The majority of these programs are for alcohol injury prevention, target high school students, and often involve a scenario of a student driving while under the influence (DUI) and sustaining a fatal car crash. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a regional mock crash reenactment upon the students’ drinking and driving knowledge and behaviors. Methods: An observational pre-post study was conducted. The survey had seven five-point Likert-scale questions (1 being strongly disagree and 5 strongly agree) measuring outcomes. Students were surveyed before and after the crash reenactment concerning their knowledge and attitudes related to drinking and driving. The survey also included questions that queried participant’s age, gender, alcohol consumption history, and seatbelt usage. Results: The final study population included 947 pre-surveys and 840 post-surveys. Students demonstrated no significant increase in knowledge-based drinking and driving questions. However, after the reenactment program, students were 1.39 times less likely to report drinking and driving in the future or that they would get into a car with someone who would drive drunk. Students were 1.7 times more likely to report thinking about the risks associated with drinking and driving after participating in the program. Conclusion: After viewing a mock crash reenactment, students reported they were less likely to drink and drive in the future or get into a car with someone who would drive drunk, and were more likely often think the risks associated with drinking and driving.","PeriodicalId":46639,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"83 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/AHMT.S191079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}