{"title":"A conceptual model of authentic leadership in cross-cultural context","authors":"Yung-Kai Yang","doi":"10.1177/14705958241286690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241286690","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research paper is to present a conceptual model of authentic leadership in a cross-cultural context, aimed at exploring how cultural elements influence the development and perception of leaders’ authenticity. This model draws upon authentic leadership development model and incorporates a followership perspective to study authentic leadership. It posits that culture assumes three critical roles within this framework: expanding, enabling, and encoding. In the expanding role, the concept of authentic leadership is broadened in scope due to varying self-concepts across cultures as individuals from different cultural backgrounds express diverse expectations of what an authentic leader should be. In the enabling role, exposure to different cultures through international experiences enable leaders to enhance their cross-cultural psychological capital and cultural intelligence, allowing them to navigate variations in authenticity effectively. Finally, for the encoding role, the perception of leader’s authenticity, which is related to behavioral integrity, value congruence, and emotional authenticity, becomes intricate as the three factors are encoded due to the differences between leader’s and follower’s cultural norms and values.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negative sentiment – a rhetorical device to reconstruct relationships of power (between tribal-ancient and new populist leadership)","authors":"Amadeusz Citlak, Claude-Hélène Mayer","doi":"10.1177/14705958241284484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241284484","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the role of negative sentiment as a tool for re-constructing power relationships in socio-cultural relations as intentionally used by political and religious leaders across cultures. Negative sentiment facilitated the symbolic disempowerment of enemies and was an important part of the anti-language for the creation of a new or alternative reality across cultures and times. Irony, contempt and disgust have played a special role, which despite cultural changes and qualitatively new rules of public life, have returned to the public space in the 21st century due to populist leaders, with the most notable example being the previous president of the USA and global business man, Donald Trump and his leadership. Cross-cultural management as a discipline has been criticised strongly as being blind to power relations. This paper is aiming at advancing the discourse of power relations by connecting it with theoretical reflections of emotions, anti-language discourses and new populist leadership. It provides examples of different eras and cultural contexts. Further, a major aim of this article is to demonstrate that although the toxic anti-language of populists – who have historically and psychologically rooted notions of disgust or contempt – enables them to achieve a powerful position as politicians, business men and leaders, this comes at the cost of a profound destruction of public life and is in fact a form of return to tribal forms of governance that are currently inadequate. The impact of populists can, however, be tempered by the same method, that is by anti-language but with respect and acceptance of difference at its centre.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasuhiro Hattori, Mai Huong Hoang, Hue Nguyen Thi Bich
{"title":"Are individualistic employees tolerant of the benefit of others? A multilevel analysis of the relationship between witnessing coworkers i-deals and malicious envy","authors":"Yasuhiro Hattori, Mai Huong Hoang, Hue Nguyen Thi Bich","doi":"10.1177/14705958241283287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241283287","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on a third party (coworkers) perspective of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals). In more detail, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of witnessing others’ i-deals on coworker’s emotional response (malicious envy), and the moderating effect of individualistic values on that response at both individual and national level. In addition, this study examines the impact of two types of witnessing others’ i-deals which include not only the other’s i-deals that the coworker directly observes, but also the generalized others’ i-deals which is an aggregated perception as a result of frequent observation of idiosyncratic deals enjoyed by multiple others. Data were collected from 450 employees from 5 Asian countries at two points. We adopted a hierarchical linear model (HLM) because we assume two levels for both i-deals and individualism. The results show that witnessing other’s i-deals is positively related to malicious envy. In addion, individual-level individualism was found to moderate the relationship between witnessing coworkers’ i-deals and malicious envy. Interestingly, it is not individualism at the country level, but that at the individual level that moderates the relationship between witnessing i-deals and malicious envy. This study indicates that i-deals studies on coworkers’ reactions to others’ i-deals should focus more on the moderating effect of individual cultural values.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of studying abroad in a socioeconomically different country on work related values: Evidence from cypriot workers who were educated in the UK","authors":"Epaminondas Epaminonda","doi":"10.1177/14705958241267139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241267139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses changes in work related values in individuals that studied in a country that is relatively more economically developed, more individualistic, less uncertainty avoiding and with a lower power distance score compared to their home country. This is done by comparing the responses of Cypriot workers who studied in the UK with other Cypriots that did not study abroad on a work values questionnaire and by interviewing workers who studied in the UK. Results suggest that workers who studied abroad consider intrinsic job characteristics such as challenging work, freedom to adopt own approach to the job and training opportunities as more important than locally trained employees whereas locally trained employees consider extrinsic characteristics such as pay, security and fringe benefits as more significant. The process of change in the workers who studied abroad seems to involve primarily dissonance and internal accountability. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the proposition that educational experiences abroad in a country with different socioeconomic characteristics compared to the home country can influence work related values and that this change takes place through a process of observing values differences and adjusting one’s values. Practical implications include that organizations are likely to become more diverse in terms of employees’ values because of education of employees in different cultural contexts and that this may have significant effects on management.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How cultural intelligence facilitates employee creativity: The roles of intercultural citizenship behavior and perceived disharmony","authors":"Yang Yang, Qin Yang, Crystal Jiang","doi":"10.1177/14705958241270766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241270766","url":null,"abstract":"Employee creativity is widely recognized as a pivotal factor for organizational innovation. Despite the known benefits of cultural intelligence (CQ) in enhancing task performance in intercultural environments, little research has examined the relationship between individual CQ and creativity. Drawing from the interactionist perspective, where creativity arises from the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environments, this research explores how individual CQ dimensions (metacognitive and motivational) enhance creativity through social interactions and cultural environments in multinational corporations (MNCs). Using a sample of 116 employees from three multinational companies, this study examines the relationship among individual CQ, intercultural citizenship behavior (intercultural OCB), perceived intercultural disharmony, and creativity. A moderated mediation model was tested with the PROCESS SPSS macro analysis. Results show that the positive relationships between the two types of CQ, metacognitive and motivational CQ, and creativity are mediated by intercultural OCB. Furthermore, the mediated association between CQ and creativity is moderated by perceived disharmony within the organization. This research extends the study of organizational innovation by focusing on specific CQ through an interaction approach, which has not been fully explored. It enriches our understanding of how MNCs can leverage employee cultural differences to facilitate innovation.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Nazarian, Alireza Ranjbaran, Masoud Afifi, P. Atkinson, Narges Sadeghilar
{"title":"Cross-cultural examination of effects of ethical leadership of independent hotels based on Social Exchange Theory","authors":"Alireza Nazarian, Alireza Ranjbaran, Masoud Afifi, P. Atkinson, Narges Sadeghilar","doi":"10.1177/14705958241270817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241270817","url":null,"abstract":"Independent hotels are in a competitive marketplace for staff in which they face a high rate of employee turnover resulting in poor performance and low profit. This study examines the impact of ethical leadership on turnover intention through ethical climate, employee voice, employee empowerment and affective commitment using a cross-cultural approach in two contrasting GLOBE surveyed countries, Iran and the United Kingdom, based on Social Exchange Theory. A sample of 807 personnel of independent hotels in the two countries were surveyed. Findings show that ethical leadership can reduce turnover intention by different mechanisms through the cultural features and leadership dimensions of the two countries.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An extended conceptualization of cultural intelligence","authors":"Alexey V Semenov, Arilova Randrianasolo","doi":"10.1177/14705958241268289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241268289","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural Intelligence (CQ) has gained prominence as a vital attribute for organizational managers, encompassing their ability to navigate diverse cultural contexts effectively. However, despite its acknowledged significance, the relationships among its dimensions need to be better understood. This paper contributes to the existing CQ literature in two ways. First, we propose a model of CQ that integrates elements from previous conceptualizations, separating the motivational component. Our proposed framework retains the metacognitive, cognitive, and behavioral CQ dimensions but does not assume predefined relationships among them. Instead, we demonstrate that metacognitive CQ positively influences cognitive and behavioral CQ. Second, this paper explores the culture-specificity of the applications of CQ dimensions. We challenge the prevailing notion that CQ applications are culture-neutral, offering initial evidence to the contrary. Our research contributes to refining CQ conceptualization and provides practical insights for recruiting and developing internationally oriented managers with a strong emphasis on their CQ enhancement. Ultimately, this study addresses the pressing need to unravel the intricate dynamics of CQ and its dimensions, enhancing our understanding of its role in international management effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond a ‘paradigm cold war’, or: How to explore the new in cross-cultural management research","authors":"Dominic Busch","doi":"10.1177/14705958241268154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241268154","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-cultural management seeks to develop new and alternative perspectives on management studies. The multi-paradigm approach has proven to be an important and necessary step in this direction. It is particularly important in overcoming a purely positivist perspective. In a broader perspective, however, paradigm-based thinking may also be a hindrance in the search for the new, especially when real-world issues are paramount and an open view of practice would be more important. Post qualitative inquiry argues that the coherence of an academic study is ensured by an internal coherence of epistemology, ontology and method, which is often lacking even within paradigms. Certainly, post qualitative inquiry can also be described as a paradigm, but it primarily aims to achieve radical openness while maintaining its internal coherence. Using Anna Tsing’s study ‘The Mushroom at the End of the World’ as an example, this paper shows how the field of cross-cultural management can generate even more radically different insights into its research object. As a result, this paper explores ways of thinking about cross-cultural management that go beyond paradigms.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Research handbook of global families: Implications for theory and practice","authors":"Vipin Gupta","doi":"10.1177/14705958241262163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241262163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islamic work ethic and emerging market challenges","authors":"Abbas J Ali, Ghaida Al-Aali, K. Krishnan","doi":"10.1177/14705958241262154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958241262154","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to address differences, if any, between expatriates and national managers in Saudi Arabia. These are addressed in terms of Islamic Work Ethic (IWE), attitudes towards creativity, consumerism, and competition in a traditional society that economically relies heavily on expatriates. This study covers issues that are often overlooked in terms of Islamic ethics and rising marketing challenges in a traditional culture that has been exposed to the western capitalist system. While the context of this study is important, it is the effect on the cultural identity and symbolism that adds value to this research. The results reveal that expatriates scored higher than citizens on IWE, creativity, and competition; citizens scored higher on consumerism; and male participants recorded higher scores than females on IWE, creativity, and competition. This article makes four contributions. First, it contributes to our understanding that in facing job insecurity, expatriates’ expectations are regulated, and they have to engage in various strategies to reduce uncertainty and strengthen their roles in the workplace. Second, the sociopolitical environment places severe limits on expatriates and induces them to rely on their cultural beliefs as an adaptation mechanism to host country cultural traditions. Third, cultural openness that has taken place in the Kingdom in recent decades has enabled women to assert themselves in the workplace and capitalize on newly founded economic opportunities. Fourth, the article suggests that changes in the marketplace due to the adoption of the global capitalism system may eventually erode cultural traditions and that cross-cultural management scholars should give consideration to issues that affect people in their daily lives.","PeriodicalId":46626,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}