International Journal of Tryptophan Research最新文献_第9页

Tryptophan Metabolism and Its Relationship with Depression and Cognitive Impairment Among HIV-infected Individuals hiv感染者色氨酸代谢及其与抑郁和认知障碍的关系

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S36464

Michael R. Keegan, S. Chittiprol, S. Letendre, A. Winston, D. Fuchs, A. Boasso, J. Iudicello, R. Ellis

{"title":"Tryptophan Metabolism and Its Relationship with Depression and Cognitive Impairment Among HIV-infected Individuals","authors":"Michael R. Keegan, S. Chittiprol, S. Letendre, A. Winston, D. Fuchs, A. Boasso, J. Iudicello, R. Ellis","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S36464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S36464","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Cognitive impairment (CI) and major depressive disorder (MDD) remain prevalent in treated HIV-1 disease; however, the pathogenesis remains elusive. A possible contributing mechanism is immune-mediated degradation of tryptophan (TRP) via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, resulting in decreased production of serotonin and accumulation of TRP degradation products. We explored the association of these biochemical pathways and their relationship with CI and MDD in HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis, concentrations of neopterin (NEO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TRP, KYN, KYN/TRP ratio, phenylalanine (PHE), tyrosine (TYR), PHE/TYR ratio, and nitrite were assessed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of HIV+(n = 91) and HIV-negative (HIV-) individuals (n = 66). CI and MDD were assessed via a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. A Global Deficit Score ≥0.5 was defined as CI. Nonparametric statistical analyses included Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results Following Bonferroni correction, NEO concentrations were found to be greater in CSF and TRP concentration was found to be lower in the plasma of HIV+ versus HIV– individuals, including a subgroup of aviremic (defined as HIV-1 RNA <50 cps/mL) HIV+ participants receiving antiretroviral therapy (n = 44). There was a nonsignificant trend toward higher KYN/TRP ratios in plasma in the HIV+ group (P = 0.027; Bonferroni corrected α = 0.0027). In a logistic regression model, lower KYN/TRP ratios in plasma were associated with CI and MDD in the overall HIV+ group (P = 0.038 and P = 0.063, respectively) and the aviremic subgroup (P = 0.066 and P = 0.027, respectively), though this observation was not statistically significant following Bonferroni correction (Bonferroni corrected α = 0.0031). Conclusions We observed a trend toward lower KYN/TRP ratios in aviremic HIV+ patients with CI and MDD.","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"79 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76874550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

The Kynurenine Pathway Is a Double-Edged Sword in Immune-Privileged Sites and in Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy 犬尿氨酸途径是免疫特权部位和癌症的双刃剑:免疫治疗的意义

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S38355

J. Routy, B. Routy, Gina M. Graziani, V. Mehraj

{"title":"The Kynurenine Pathway Is a Double-Edged Sword in Immune-Privileged Sites and in Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy","authors":"J. Routy, B. Routy, Gina M. Graziani, V. Mehraj","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S38355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S38355","url":null,"abstract":"The term “immune privilege” was originally coined to describe the suppression of inflammatory responses within organs protected by anatomic barriers, ie, the eyes, brain, placenta, and testes. However, cellular and metabolic processes, which orchestrate immune responses, also control inflammation within these sites. Our current understanding of tolerogenic mechanisms has extended the definition of immune privilege to include hair follicles, the colon, and cancer. By catabolizing tryptophan, cells expressing the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase produce kynurenine metabolites, which orchestrate local and systemic responses to control inflammation, thus maintaining immune privilege. This review highlights the double-edged role played by the kynurenine pathway (KP), which establishes and maintains immune-privileged sites while contributing to cancer immune escape. The identification of the underlying molecular drivers of the KP in immune-privileged sites and in cancer is essential for the development of novel therapies to treat autoimmunity and cancer and to improve transplantation outcomes.","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"67 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74231724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 126

Chronic Antipsychotic Treatment in the Rat - Effects on Brain Interleukin-8 and Kynurenic Acid. 大鼠慢性抗精神病药物对脑白介素-8和犬尿酸的影响。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-09-20 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S25915

Markus K Larsson, Lilly Schwieler, Michel Goiny, Sophie Erhardt, Göran Engberg

{"title":"Chronic Antipsychotic Treatment in the Rat - Effects on Brain Interleukin-8 and Kynurenic Acid.","authors":"Markus K Larsson, Lilly Schwieler, Michel Goiny, Sophie Erhardt, Göran Engberg","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S25915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S25915","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is associated with activation of the brain immune system as reflected by increased brain levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and proinflammatory cytokines. Although antipsychotic drugs have been used for decades in the treatment of the disease, potential effects of these drugs on brain immune signaling are not fully known. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs on brain levels of cytokines and KYNA. Rats were treated daily by intraperitoneally administered haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg, n = 6), olanzapine (2 mg/kg, n = 6), and clozapine (20 mg/kg, n = 6) or saline (n = 6) for 30 days. Clozapine, but not haloperidol or olanzapine-treated rats displayed significantly lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-8 compared to controls. Whole brain levels of KYNA were not changed in any group. Our data suggest that the superior therapeutic effect of clozapine may be a result of its presently shown immunosuppressive action. Further, our data do not support the possibility that elevated brain KYNA found in patients with schizophrenia is a result of antipsychotic treatment. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2015-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S25915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34138875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Tryptophan Catabolism in Chronic Viral Infections: Handling Uninvited Guests. 慢性病毒感染中的色氨酸分解代谢:处理不速之客。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-08-04 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S26862

Vikram Mehraj, Jean-Pierre Routy

{"title":"Tryptophan Catabolism in Chronic Viral Infections: Handling Uninvited Guests.","authors":"Vikram Mehraj, Jean-Pierre Routy","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S26862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S26862","url":null,"abstract":"l-Tryptophan (l-Trp) is an essential amino acid that possesses diverse metabolic, neurological, and immunological roles spanning from the synthesis of proteins, neurotransmitter serotonin, and neurohormone melatonin, to its degradation into immunosuppressive catabolites by indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the kynurenine pathway (KP). Trp catabolites, by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), play an important role in antimicrobial defense and immune regulation. IDO/AhR acts as a double-edged sword by both depleting l-Trp to starve the invaders and by contributing to the state of immunosuppression with microorganisms that were not cleared during acute infection. Pathogens experiencing Trp deprivation by IDO-mediated degradation include certain bacteria, parasites, and less likely viruses. However, chronic viral infections highjack the host immune response to create a state of disease tolerance via kynurenine catabolites. This review covers the latest data involving chronic viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and their cellular interplay with Trp catabolites. Strategies developed by viruses to escape immune control also represent new avenues for therapeutic interventions based on Trp metabolism. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"41-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S26862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33950932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 88

Method for Evaluation of the Requirements of B-group Vitamins Using Tryptophan Metabolites in Human Urine. 利用人体尿液中的色氨酸代谢物评估 B 族维生素需求量的方法。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-04-19 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S24412

Katsumi Shibata, Junko Hirose, Tsutomu Fukuwatari

引用次数: 0

Tryptophan-ethylester, the false (unveiled) melatonin isomer in red wine. 色氨酸乙基，红葡萄酒中假的褪黑素异构体。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-03-30 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S22450

Marcello Iriti, Ileana Vigentini

引用次数: 16

Conversion Percentage of Tryptophan to Nicotinamide is Higher in Rice Protein Diet than in Wheat Protein Diet in Rats. 大鼠在大米蛋白饲料中色氨酸转化为烟酰胺的比例高于小麦蛋白饲料。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-03-05 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S22444

Katsumi Shibata, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Tomoyo Kawamura

{"title":"Conversion Percentage of Tryptophan to Nicotinamide is Higher in Rice Protein Diet than in Wheat Protein Diet in Rats.","authors":"Katsumi Shibata, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Tomoyo Kawamura","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S22444","DOIUrl":"10.4137/IJTR.S22444","url":null,"abstract":"We reported previously that the pellagragenic property of corn protein is not only low l-tryptophan concentration but also the lower conversion percentage of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide; the amino acid composition greatly affected the conversion percentage. The amino acid value of wheat protein is lower than that of rice protein. In the present study, we compare the conversion percentages of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide between wheat protein and rice protein diets in growing rats. The body weight gain for 28 days in rats fed with a 10% amino acid mixture diet with wheat protein was lower than that of rats fed with a 10% amino acid diet with rice protein (68.1 ± 1.6 g vs 108.4 ± 1.9 g; P < 0.05). The conversion percentage of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide was also lower for the wheat protein diet compared with the rice protein diet (1.44 ± 0.036% vs 2.84 ± 0.19%; P < 0.05). The addition of limiting amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-lysine, l-tryptophan, l-methionine, l-threonine) to the wheat protein diet improved growth and the conversion percentage. In conclusion, our result supports the thinking that the composition of amino acids affects the conversion ratio of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33145211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a review of its role in the physiology and pathology of the integument and its relationship to the tryptophan metabolism. 芳烃受体:综述其在被膜生理和病理中的作用及其与色氨酸代谢的关系。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-02-10 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S19985

Rowland Noakes

引用次数: 57

Enantiomeric Separation of Monosubstituted Tryptophan Derivatives and Metabolites by HPLC with a Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phase and Its Application to the Evaluation of the Optical Purity of Synthesized 6-Chloro-l-Tryptophan. 金鸡纳生物碱两性离子手性固定相高效液相色谱法分离单取代色氨酸衍生物及其代谢物及其在合成6-氯-l-色氨酸光学纯度评价中的应用

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-01-07 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S20381

Takeshi Fukushima, Anna Sugiura, Ippei Furuta, Sumiko Iwasa, Hideaki Iizuka, Hideaki Ichiba, Mayu Onozato, Hidemasa Hikawa, Yuusaku Yokoyama

{"title":"Enantiomeric Separation of Monosubstituted Tryptophan Derivatives and Metabolites by HPLC with a Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phase and Its Application to the Evaluation of the Optical Purity of Synthesized 6-Chloro-l-Tryptophan.","authors":"Takeshi Fukushima, Anna Sugiura, Ippei Furuta, Sumiko Iwasa, Hideaki Iizuka, Hideaki Ichiba, Mayu Onozato, Hidemasa Hikawa, Yuusaku Yokoyama","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S20381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S20381","url":null,"abstract":"6-Chlorotryptophan possesses unique bioactivity and can be used as a precursor for several bioactive compounds in medicinal chemistry. It was enantioselectively synthesized by condensing 6-chloroindole with racemic N-acetylserine, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with l-aminoacylase (EC 3.5.1.14). The optical purity was examined by conducting high-performance liquid chromatography with a Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phase (CSP) [CHIRALPAK(®) ZWIX(+)], which bears a chiral trans-2-aminocyclohexanesulfonic acid moiety tagged at C-9 of the Cinchona alka-loid. The zwitterionic CSP enabled efficient enantiomeric separations of monosubstituted tryptophan derivatives 1-methyltryptophan, 5-methyltryptophan, 6-methyltryptophan, 5-methoxytryptophan, and 6-chlorotryptophan with a methanol/H2O (98/2) mobile phase containing formic acid (FA) and diethylamine (DEA) additives. The mobile phase contains 25-75 mM FA and 20-50 mM DEA, enabling good separation of the enantiomers of each tryptophan derivative (α > 1.25). Thus, the optical purity of the synthesized 6-chloro-l-tryptophan was easily determined (greater than 99.0%) using HPLC with the zwitterionic CSP. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S20381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33006560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Mechanisms of the pellagragenic effect of leucine: stimulation of hepatic tryptophan oxidation by administration of branched-chain amino acids to healthy human volunteers and the role of plasma free tryptophan and total kynurenines. 亮氨酸促细胞生长作用的机制：给健康志愿者服用支链氨基酸对肝脏色氨酸氧化的刺激作用以及血浆游离色氨酸和犬尿氨酸总量的作用。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2014-12-04 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S18231

Abdulla A-B Badawy, Sarah L Lake, Donald M Dougherty

{"title":"Mechanisms of the pellagragenic effect of leucine: stimulation of hepatic tryptophan oxidation by administration of branched-chain amino acids to healthy human volunteers and the role of plasma free tryptophan and total kynurenines.","authors":"Abdulla A-B Badawy, Sarah L Lake, Donald M Dougherty","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S18231","DOIUrl":"10.4137/IJTR.S18231","url":null,"abstract":"The pellagragenic effect of leucine (Leu) has been proposed to involve modulation of L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism along the hepatic kynurenine pathway. Here, we discuss some of the mechanisms suggested and report the effects in healthy volunteers of single doses of Leu (4.05-6.75 g) administered in a 16-amino acid mixture on concentrations of plasma Trp and its kynurenine metabolites. Flux of Trp through Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is dose-dependently enhanced most probably by Leu and can be attributed to TDO activation. Trp oxidation is better expressed using plasma total kynure-nines, rather than kynurenine, and free, rather than total, Trp. Increased hepatic Trp oxidation may be an additional mechanism of action of branched-chain amino acids in the acute Trp depletion test. Inhibition of intestinal absorption or hepatic uptake of Trp by Leu can be excluded. Potential mechanisms of the aggravation of pellagra symptoms by Leu are discussed. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32916426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0