International Journal of Tryptophan Research最新文献_第9页

Conversion Percentage of Tryptophan to Nicotinamide is Higher in Rice Protein Diet than in Wheat Protein Diet in Rats. 大鼠在大米蛋白饲料中色氨酸转化为烟酰胺的比例高于小麦蛋白饲料。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-03-05 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S22444

Katsumi Shibata, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Tomoyo Kawamura

{"title":"Conversion Percentage of Tryptophan to Nicotinamide is Higher in Rice Protein Diet than in Wheat Protein Diet in Rats.","authors":"Katsumi Shibata, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Tomoyo Kawamura","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S22444","DOIUrl":"10.4137/IJTR.S22444","url":null,"abstract":"We reported previously that the pellagragenic property of corn protein is not only low l-tryptophan concentration but also the lower conversion percentage of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide; the amino acid composition greatly affected the conversion percentage. The amino acid value of wheat protein is lower than that of rice protein. In the present study, we compare the conversion percentages of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide between wheat protein and rice protein diets in growing rats. The body weight gain for 28 days in rats fed with a 10% amino acid mixture diet with wheat protein was lower than that of rats fed with a 10% amino acid diet with rice protein (68.1 ± 1.6 g vs 108.4 ± 1.9 g; P < 0.05). The conversion percentage of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide was also lower for the wheat protein diet compared with the rice protein diet (1.44 ± 0.036% vs 2.84 ± 0.19%; P < 0.05). The addition of limiting amino acids (l-isoleucine, l-lysine, l-tryptophan, l-methionine, l-threonine) to the wheat protein diet improved growth and the conversion percentage. In conclusion, our result supports the thinking that the composition of amino acids affects the conversion ratio of l-tryptophan to nicotinamide. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33145211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a review of its role in the physiology and pathology of the integument and its relationship to the tryptophan metabolism. 芳烃受体:综述其在被膜生理和病理中的作用及其与色氨酸代谢的关系。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-02-10 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S19985

Rowland Noakes

引用次数: 57

Enantiomeric Separation of Monosubstituted Tryptophan Derivatives and Metabolites by HPLC with a Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phase and Its Application to the Evaluation of the Optical Purity of Synthesized 6-Chloro-l-Tryptophan. 金鸡纳生物碱两性离子手性固定相高效液相色谱法分离单取代色氨酸衍生物及其代谢物及其在合成6-氯-l-色氨酸光学纯度评价中的应用

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2015-01-07 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S20381

Takeshi Fukushima, Anna Sugiura, Ippei Furuta, Sumiko Iwasa, Hideaki Iizuka, Hideaki Ichiba, Mayu Onozato, Hidemasa Hikawa, Yuusaku Yokoyama

{"title":"Enantiomeric Separation of Monosubstituted Tryptophan Derivatives and Metabolites by HPLC with a Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phase and Its Application to the Evaluation of the Optical Purity of Synthesized 6-Chloro-l-Tryptophan.","authors":"Takeshi Fukushima, Anna Sugiura, Ippei Furuta, Sumiko Iwasa, Hideaki Iizuka, Hideaki Ichiba, Mayu Onozato, Hidemasa Hikawa, Yuusaku Yokoyama","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S20381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S20381","url":null,"abstract":"6-Chlorotryptophan possesses unique bioactivity and can be used as a precursor for several bioactive compounds in medicinal chemistry. It was enantioselectively synthesized by condensing 6-chloroindole with racemic N-acetylserine, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with l-aminoacylase (EC 3.5.1.14). The optical purity was examined by conducting high-performance liquid chromatography with a Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phase (CSP) [CHIRALPAK(®) ZWIX(+)], which bears a chiral trans-2-aminocyclohexanesulfonic acid moiety tagged at C-9 of the Cinchona alka-loid. The zwitterionic CSP enabled efficient enantiomeric separations of monosubstituted tryptophan derivatives 1-methyltryptophan, 5-methyltryptophan, 6-methyltryptophan, 5-methoxytryptophan, and 6-chlorotryptophan with a methanol/H2O (98/2) mobile phase containing formic acid (FA) and diethylamine (DEA) additives. The mobile phase contains 25-75 mM FA and 20-50 mM DEA, enabling good separation of the enantiomers of each tryptophan derivative (α > 1.25). Thus, the optical purity of the synthesized 6-chloro-l-tryptophan was easily determined (greater than 99.0%) using HPLC with the zwitterionic CSP. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S20381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33006560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Mechanisms of the pellagragenic effect of leucine: stimulation of hepatic tryptophan oxidation by administration of branched-chain amino acids to healthy human volunteers and the role of plasma free tryptophan and total kynurenines. 亮氨酸促细胞生长作用的机制：给健康志愿者服用支链氨基酸对肝脏色氨酸氧化的刺激作用以及血浆游离色氨酸和犬尿氨酸总量的作用。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2014-12-04 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S18231

Abdulla A-B Badawy, Sarah L Lake, Donald M Dougherty

{"title":"Mechanisms of the pellagragenic effect of leucine: stimulation of hepatic tryptophan oxidation by administration of branched-chain amino acids to healthy human volunteers and the role of plasma free tryptophan and total kynurenines.","authors":"Abdulla A-B Badawy, Sarah L Lake, Donald M Dougherty","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S18231","DOIUrl":"10.4137/IJTR.S18231","url":null,"abstract":"The pellagragenic effect of leucine (Leu) has been proposed to involve modulation of L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism along the hepatic kynurenine pathway. Here, we discuss some of the mechanisms suggested and report the effects in healthy volunteers of single doses of Leu (4.05-6.75 g) administered in a 16-amino acid mixture on concentrations of plasma Trp and its kynurenine metabolites. Flux of Trp through Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is dose-dependently enhanced most probably by Leu and can be attributed to TDO activation. Trp oxidation is better expressed using plasma total kynure-nines, rather than kynurenine, and free, rather than total, Trp. Increased hepatic Trp oxidation may be an additional mechanism of action of branched-chain amino acids in the acute Trp depletion test. Inhibition of intestinal absorption or hepatic uptake of Trp by Leu can be excluded. Potential mechanisms of the aggravation of pellagra symptoms by Leu are discussed. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2014-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32916426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imbalanced kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia. 精神分裂症犬尿氨酸通路失衡。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2014-09-16 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S16800

Magdalena E Kegel, Maria Bhat, Elisabeth Skogh, Martin Samuelsson, Kristina Lundberg, Marja-Liisa Dahl, Carl Sellgren, Lilly Schwieler, Göran Engberg, Ina Schuppe-Koistinen, Sophie Erhardt

{"title":"Imbalanced kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia.","authors":"Magdalena E Kegel, Maria Bhat, Elisabeth Skogh, Martin Samuelsson, Kristina Lundberg, Marja-Liisa Dahl, Carl Sellgren, Lilly Schwieler, Göran Engberg, Ina Schuppe-Koistinen, Sophie Erhardt","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S16800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S16800","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies suggest a role for kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It has been proposed that increased brain KYNA levels in schizophrenia result from a pathological shift in the kynurenine pathway toward enhanced KYNA formation, away from the other branch of the pathway leading to quinolinic acid (QUIN). Here we investigate the levels of QUIN in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and relate those to CSF levels of KYNA and other kynurenine metabolites from the same individuals. CSF QUIN levels from stable outpatients treated with olanzapine (n = 22) and those of controls (n = 26) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. No difference in CSF QUIN levels between patients and controls was observed (20.6 ± 1.5 nM vs. 18.2 ± 1.1 nM, P = 0.36). CSF QUIN was positively correlated to CSF kynurenine and CSF KYNA in patients but not in controls. The CSF QUIN/KYNA ratio was lower in patients than in controls (P = 0.027). In summary, the present study offers support for an over-activated and imbalanced kynurenine pathway, favoring the production of KYNA over QUIN in patients with schizophrenia. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S16800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32724838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 97

Tryptophan and kynurenic Acid may produce an amplified effect in central fatigue induced by chronic sleep disorder. 色氨酸和犬尿酸可能会对慢性睡眠障碍引起的中枢性疲劳产生放大效应。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2014-05-14 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S14084

Masatoshi Yamashita, Takanobu Yamamoto

引用次数: 0

Kynurenic Acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia with lewy bodies. 阿尔茨海默病或伴路易体痴呆患者脑脊液中的犬尿酸水平。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2014-04-28 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S13958

Malin Wennström, Henrietta M Nielsen, Funda Orhan, Elisabet Londos, Lennart Minthon, Sophie Erhardt

{"title":"Kynurenic Acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia with lewy bodies.","authors":"Malin Wennström, Henrietta M Nielsen, Funda Orhan, Elisabet Londos, Lennart Minthon, Sophie Erhardt","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S13958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S13958","url":null,"abstract":"Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is implicated in cognitive functions. Altered concentrations of the compound are found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further studies to determine whether KYNA serves as a biomarker for cognitive decline and dementia progression are required. In this study, we measured CSF KYNA levels in AD patients (n = 19), patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 18), and healthy age-matched controls (Ctrls)) (n = 20) to further explore possible correlations between KYNA levels, cognitive decline, and well-established AD and inflammatory markers. Neither DLB patients nor AD patients showed significantly altered CSF KYNA levels compared to Ctrls. However, female AD patients displayed significantly higher KYNA levels compared to male AD patients, a gender difference not seen in the Ctrl or DLB group. Levels of KYNA significantly correlated with the AD-biomarker P-tau and the inflammation marker soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the AD patient group. No associations between KYNA and cognitive functions were found. Our study shows that, although KYNA was not associated with cognitive decline in AD or DLB patients, it may be implicated in AD-related hyperphosphorylation of tau and inflammation. Further studies on larger patient cohorts are required to understand the potential role of KYNA in AD and DLB. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2014-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S13958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32364750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Immunohistochemical studies of the kynurenine pathway in morphea. 吗啡犬尿氨酸通路的免疫组化研究。

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2013-12-23 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S13371

Rowland Noakes, Nick Mellick

引用次数: 4

Sustained elevation of kynurenic Acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. 单纯疱疹病毒1型脑炎患者脑脊液中肌尿酸持续升高

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2013-11-25 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S13256

Ann Atlas, Elisabeth Franzen-Röhl, Johan Söderlund, Erik G Jönsson, Martin Samuelsson, Lilly Schwieler, Birgit Sköldenberg, Göran Engberg

{"title":"Sustained elevation of kynurenic Acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis.","authors":"Ann Atlas, Elisabeth Franzen-Röhl, Johan Söderlund, Erik G Jönsson, Martin Samuelsson, Lilly Schwieler, Birgit Sköldenberg, Göran Engberg","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S13256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S13256","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 encephalitis (HSE) is a viral infectious disease with commonly occurring neurodegeneration and neurological/cognitive long-term sequelae. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a neuroactive tryptophan metabolite, which is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during viral infection as a result of immune activation. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of endogenous brain KYNA for the long-term outcome of the disease. CSF KYNA concentration was analyzed in 25 HSE patients along the course of the disease and compared with that of 25 age-matched healthy volunteers. Within 3 weeks of admission CSF KYNA of HSE patients was markedly elevated (median 33.6 nM) compared to healthy volunteers (median 1.45 nM). Following a decline observed after 1-2 months, levels of CSF KYNA were elevated more than 1 year after admission (median 3.4 nM range: 1-9 years). A negative correlation was found between initial CSF KYNA concentrations and severity of the long-term sequelae. This study show a marked elevation in CSF KYNA from patients with HSE, most pronounced during the acute phase of the disease and slowly declining along the recovery. We propose that brain KYNA might potentially protect against neurodegeneration while causing a long-lasting loss in cognitive function associated with the disease. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"6 ","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S13256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31943749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Big brains, meat, tuberculosis, and the nicotinamide switches: co-evolutionary relationships with modern repercussions? 大脑、肉类、结核病和烟酰胺开关:与现代影响的共同进化关系?

IF 4.4

International Journal of Tryptophan Research Pub Date : 2013-10-15 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4137/IJTR.S12838

Adrian C Williams, Robin I M Dunbar

{"title":"Big brains, meat, tuberculosis, and the nicotinamide switches: co-evolutionary relationships with modern repercussions?","authors":"Adrian C Williams, Robin I M Dunbar","doi":"10.4137/IJTR.S12838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S12838","url":null,"abstract":"Meat-eating was a game changer for human evolution. We suggest that the limiting factors for expanding brains earlier were scarcities of nicotinamide and tryptophan. In humans and some other omnivores, lack of meat causes these deficiencies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is necessary to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via either glycolysis or via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. NAD consumption is also necessary for developmental and repair circuits. Inadequate supplies result in \"de-evolutionary\" brain atrophy, as seen with pellagra. If trophic nicotinamide/tryptophan was a \"prime mover\" in building bigger brains, back-up mechanisms should have evolved. One strategy may be to recruit extra gut symbionts that produce NADH precursors or export nicotinamide (though this may cause diarrhea). We propose a novel supplier TB that co-evolved early, which did not originally and does not now inevitably cause disease. TB has highly paradoxical immunology for a pathogen, and secretes and is inhibited by nicotinamide and its analogue, isoniazid. Sharp declines in TB and diarrhea correlated with increased meat intake in the past, suggesting that dietary vitamin B3 and tryptophan deficiencies (also associated with poor cognition and decreased lifespans) are still common where meat is unaffordable. ","PeriodicalId":46603,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research","volume":"6 ","pages":"73-88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4137/IJTR.S12838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31880134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20