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FREEDOM OF THOUGHT 思想自由
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0265052521000017
D. Schmidtz
{"title":"FREEDOM OF THOUGHT","authors":"D. Schmidtz","doi":"10.1017/s0265052521000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265052521000017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay introduces basic issues that make up the topic of freedom of thought, including newly emerging issues raised by the current proliferation of Internet search algorithms.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0265052521000017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56897771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE EARLY MODERN ORIGINS OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS 行为经济学的早期现代起源
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052520000035
Richard Boyd
{"title":"THE EARLY MODERN ORIGINS OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS","authors":"Richard Boyd","doi":"10.1017/S0265052520000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052520000035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For all the recent discoveries of behavioral psychology and experimental economics, the spirit of homo economicus still dominates the contemporary disciplines of economics, political science, and sociology. Turning back to the earliest chapters of political economy, however, reveals that pioneering figures such as Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, and Adam Smith were hardly apostles of economic rationality as they are often portrayed in influential narratives of the development of the social sciences. As we will see, while all three of these thinkers can plausibly be read as endorsing “rationality,” they were also well aware of the systematic irrationality of human conduct, including a remarkable number of the cognitive biases later “discovered” by contemporary behavioral economists. Building on these insights I offer modest suggestions for how these thinkers, properly understood, might carry the behavioral revolution in different directions than those heretofore suggested.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"30 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052520000035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56898037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
FREE SPEECH ON SOCIAL MEDIA: HOW TO PROTECT OUR FREEDOMS FROM SOCIAL MEDIA THAT ARE FUNDED BY TRADE IN OUR PERSONAL DATA 社交媒体上的言论自由:如何保护我们的自由不受以我们个人数据交易为资金来源的社交媒体的影响
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052521000121
R. Sorabji
{"title":"FREE SPEECH ON SOCIAL MEDIA: HOW TO PROTECT OUR FREEDOMS FROM SOCIAL MEDIA THAT ARE FUNDED BY TRADE IN OUR PERSONAL DATA","authors":"R. Sorabji","doi":"10.1017/S0265052521000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052521000121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I have argued elsewhere that in past history, freedom of speech, whether granted to few or many, was granted as bestowing some important benefit. John Stuart Mill, for example, in On Liberty, saw it as enabling us to learn from each other through discussion. By the test of benefit, I here argue that social media that are funded through trade in our personal data with advertisers, including propagandists, cannot claim to be supporting free speech. We lose our freedoms, if the personal data we entrust to online social media are used to target us with information, or disinformation, tailored as persuasive to different personalities, in order to maximize revenue from advertisers or propagandists. Among the serious consequences described, particularly dangerous because of its effect on democracy, is the use of such targeted advertisements to swing voting campaigns. Control is needed both of the social media and of any political parties that pay social media for differential targeting of voters based on personality. Using UK government documents, I recommend legislation for reform and enforcement.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"209 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052521000121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56898063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
THE LEVELLERS AND THE BIRTH OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY 平等主义者和自由主义政治经济学的诞生
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052520000102
James R. Otteson
{"title":"THE LEVELLERS AND THE BIRTH OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY","authors":"James R. Otteson","doi":"10.1017/S0265052520000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052520000102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When did liberal political theory, or perhaps liberal political economy, begin? Although many would trace their beginnings to the writings of Adam Smith, David Hume, or perhaps John Locke, in fact many of the propositions we today recognize as forming the core of liberalism were articulated in the first half of the seventeenth century by an unduly neglected group called the Levellers and their leader John Lilburne. In this essay, I first give some historical background and context to the Levellers and Lilburne. Next, I articulate several of their liberal positions, including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of commerce and trade, and I examine their justifications for these positions, which I argue were both novel and radical. I conclude by exploring the contemporary relevance of the Levellers and argue that they should be considered as among liberalism’s most important founders.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"170 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052520000102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56897646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DAVID HUME AS A PROTO-WEBERIAN: COMMERCE, PROTESTANTISM, AND SECULAR CULTURE 大卫·休谟作为韦伯的原型:商业，新教和世俗文化
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052520000114
M. Schabas
{"title":"DAVID HUME AS A PROTO-WEBERIAN: COMMERCE, PROTESTANTISM, AND SECULAR CULTURE","authors":"M. Schabas","doi":"10.1017/S0265052520000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052520000114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract David Hume wrote prolifically and influentially on economics and was an enthusiast for the modern commercial era of manufacturing and global trade. As a vocal critic of the Church, and possibly a nonbeliever, Hume positioned commerce at the vanguard of secularism. I here argue that Hume broached ideas that gesture toward those offered by Max Weber in his famous Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-5). Hume discerned a strong correlation between economic flourishing and Protestantism, and he pointed to a “spirit of the age” that was built on modern commerce and fueled by religious tolerance. The Roman Catholic Church, by contrast, came under considerable attack by Hume, for fostering intolerance and draining and diverting funds. Hume recognized several of the dispositions that later appealed to Weber: an increased work ethic and tendency to frugality, enterprise, and investment in Protestant regions. A neo-Weberian literature now points to additional factors, the spread of literacy and the fostering of a network of trust among strangers, both of which Hume noted. Insofar as modern commerce both feeds upon and fosters more liberties and representative government, Hume also linked these with the advent and spread of Protestantism. My aim is not to suggest that these arguments have merit—there is good reason to question each and every assertion under the historical microscope—but rather to highlight the broader religious and cultural context in which Hume’s economics was broached.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"190 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052520000114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56897659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
CONTRIBUTORS 贡献者
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s026505252000014x
Christopher J. Berry
{"title":"CONTRIBUTORS","authors":"Christopher J. Berry","doi":"10.1017/s026505252000014x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026505252000014x","url":null,"abstract":"Christopher J. Berry is Professor Emeritus of Political Theory, and Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow. He works at the interface between politics, history, and philosophy, and is the author of numerous books and articles, especially on aspects of the Scottish Enlightenment. Included among his publications are the books The Idea of Commercial Society in the Scottish Enlightenment (2013), David Hume (2009), and Social Theory of the Scottish Enlightenment (1997). He is a co-editor of the Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith (with Maria Pia Paganelli and Craig Smith, 2013), and his articles appear in journals such asHistory of Political Economy, European Journal of Political Theory, and British Journal for the History of Philosophy. He is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"i - iii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s026505252000014x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56897701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SOY volume 37 issue 1 Cover and Back matter 大豆杂志第37卷第1期封面和封底
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0265052520000163
{"title":"SOY volume 37 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0265052520000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265052520000163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0265052520000163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56897763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IN PRAISE OF EVIL THOUGHTS 赞美邪恶的思想
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052521000042
A. Koppelman
{"title":"IN PRAISE OF EVIL THOUGHTS","authors":"A. Koppelman","doi":"10.1017/S0265052521000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052521000042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Freedom of thought means freedom from social tyranny, the capacity to think for oneself, to encounter even shocking ideas without shrinking away from them. That aspiration is a core concern of the free speech tradition. It is not specifically concerned with law, but it explains some familiar aspects of the First Amendment law we actually have—aspects that the most prevalent theories of free speech fail to capture. It explains the prohibition of compelled speech, and can clarify the perennial puzzle of why freedom of speech extends to art and literature. It also tells us something about the limits of legal regulation, and about the ethical obligations of private actors.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"52 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052521000042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56897880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
OUT OF THE COFFEE HOUSE OR HOW POLITICAL ECONOMY PRETENDED TO BE A SCIENCE FROM MONTCHRÉTIEN TO STEUART 或者从montchrÉtien到斯图尔特，政治经济学如何伪装成一门科学
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052520000023
Christopher J. Berry
{"title":"OUT OF THE COFFEE HOUSE OR HOW POLITICAL ECONOMY PRETENDED TO BE A SCIENCE FROM MONTCHRÉTIEN TO STEUART","authors":"Christopher J. Berry","doi":"10.1017/S0265052520000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052520000023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The essay investigates the proposition that economic questions are a fit subject for science. This investigation will involve a selective examination of seventeenth-century writings before looking at again selective Enlightenment texts. The essay is deliberately wide ranging, but it aims to pick out the emergence or crystallization of political economy by noting how theorists sought to establish it as a subject matter and in the process develop ways of studying it that aimed to uncover regularities and exhibit generality, systematicity, and precision. Together these supported its pretensions or claims to be a science that would in a Baconian manner be useful and free of the perceived shackles of a moralistic classical disparagement of economic activity.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"10 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052520000023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56898013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FREE EXPRESSION OR EQUAL SPEECH? 言论自由还是言论平等?
IF 0.4 4区 哲学
Social Philosophy & Policy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0265052521000091
Teresa M. Bejan
{"title":"FREE EXPRESSION OR EQUAL SPEECH?","authors":"Teresa M. Bejan","doi":"10.1017/S0265052521000091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052521000091","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The classical liberal doctrine of free expression asserts the priority of speech as an extension of the freedom of thought. Yet its critics argue that freedom of expression, itself, demands the suppression of the so-called “silencing speech” of racists, sexists, and so on, as a threat to the equal expressive rights of others. This essay argues that the claim to free expression must be distinguished from claims to equal speech. The former asserts an equal right to express one’s thoughts without interference; the latter the right to address others, and to receive a hearing and consideration from them, in turn. I explore the theory of equal speech in light of the ancient Athenian practice of isegoria and argue that the equality demanded is not distributive but relational: an equal speaker’s voice should be counted as “on a par” with others. This ideal better captures critics’ concerns about silencing speech than do their appeals to free expression. Insofar as epistemic and status-harms provide grounds for the suppression and exclusion of some speech and speakers, the ideal of equal speech is more closely connected with the freedom of association than of thought. Noticing this draws attention to the continuing—and potentially problematic—importance of exclusion in constituting effective sites of equal speech today.","PeriodicalId":46601,"journal":{"name":"Social Philosophy & Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"153 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0265052521000091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56898040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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