大卫·休谟作为韦伯的原型:商业,新教和世俗文化

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS
M. Schabas
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引用次数: 1

摘要

大卫·休谟在经济学方面著述颇丰,影响深远,是现代商业时代制造业和全球贸易的热衷者。作为一个对教会直言不讳的批评者,也许是一个无神论者,休谟把商业定位在世俗主义的前沿。我在此认为休谟提出的观点与马克斯·韦伯在其著名的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》(1904-5)中提出的观点相接近。休谟发现了经济繁荣与新教之间的紧密联系,他指出,“时代精神”建立在现代商业的基础上,并受到宗教宽容的推动。相比之下,罗马天主教会受到休谟的相当大的攻击,因为它助长了不宽容,耗尽和转移了资金。休谟发现了一些后来吸引韦伯的性格特征:增加的职业道德和节俭的倾向,企业和在新教地区的投资。新韦伯主义文学指出了其他因素,识字的传播和陌生人之间信任网络的培养,这两者休谟都注意到了。就现代商业滋养和促进更多的自由和代议制政府而言,休谟还将这些与新教的出现和传播联系起来。我的目的并不是建议这些论点有价值——在历史的显微镜下,我们有充分的理由质疑每一个断言——而是强调休谟经济学被提出的更广泛的宗教和文化背景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DAVID HUME AS A PROTO-WEBERIAN: COMMERCE, PROTESTANTISM, AND SECULAR CULTURE
Abstract David Hume wrote prolifically and influentially on economics and was an enthusiast for the modern commercial era of manufacturing and global trade. As a vocal critic of the Church, and possibly a nonbeliever, Hume positioned commerce at the vanguard of secularism. I here argue that Hume broached ideas that gesture toward those offered by Max Weber in his famous Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-5). Hume discerned a strong correlation between economic flourishing and Protestantism, and he pointed to a “spirit of the age” that was built on modern commerce and fueled by religious tolerance. The Roman Catholic Church, by contrast, came under considerable attack by Hume, for fostering intolerance and draining and diverting funds. Hume recognized several of the dispositions that later appealed to Weber: an increased work ethic and tendency to frugality, enterprise, and investment in Protestant regions. A neo-Weberian literature now points to additional factors, the spread of literacy and the fostering of a network of trust among strangers, both of which Hume noted. Insofar as modern commerce both feeds upon and fosters more liberties and representative government, Hume also linked these with the advent and spread of Protestantism. My aim is not to suggest that these arguments have merit—there is good reason to question each and every assertion under the historical microscope—but rather to highlight the broader religious and cultural context in which Hume’s economics was broached.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
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期刊介绍: Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings of enduring social policy debates. The issues are thematic in format, examining a specific area of concern with contributions from scholars in different disciplines, especially philosophy, economics, political science and law. While not primarily a journal of policy prescriptions, some articles in each issue will typically connect theory with practice. The 2006 issues are "Justice and Global Politics" and "Taxation, Economic Prosperity, and Distributive Justice". The 2007 issues will be "Liberalism: Old and New" and "Ancient Greek Political Theory".
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