Social Science History最新文献_第9页

Disrupting Historical Life-Course Studies: New Questions for a Generation of Life-Course Scholarship 颠覆历史生命历程研究：一代生命历程学者面临的新问题

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.25

E. Roberts

引用次数: 0

Giving and Receiving Aid: Kin Networks in the Great Depression 给予与接受援助:大萧条时期的亲属网络

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.22

Matt A. Nelson

{"title":"Giving and Receiving Aid: Kin Networks in the Great Depression","authors":"Matt A. Nelson","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"Richard Settersten Jr., Glen Elder Jr., and Lisa Pearce ’ s book Living on the Edge: An American Generation ’ s Journey Through the 20th Century is a comprehensive study with origins dating to the 1960s. The authors look at how a rapidly changing society influ-enced the lives of 210 middle-class and working-class couples who were members of the 1900 generation. The 1900 generation was defined as those born between 1885 and 1908 who had children born in 1928 – 1929 were included in the longitudinal Berkeley Guidance Study led by Jean Walker McFarlane. The Berkeley Guidance Study included detailed interviews from 1930 to 1947 with follow-up interviews through the 1980s. Settersten et al. were particularly interested in the generation ’ s adaptation to two world wars and the swings of great economic prosperity and depression, which make up much of the book. The authors cover a multitude of topics and in many ways, I almost wish this book was longer to cover the topics more in depth. The authors explore many facets of family life; migration, marriage and marital quality, childbearing, parenting, labor force participation and views on work, economic assistance from kin, and doubling up to name a few. Instead of covering every topic, my comments focus specifically on their chapters looking at kinship networks and economic assistance. The authors focus primarily on economic assistance between kin from 1929 to 1939 (when the bulk of their data was collected) and argue in favor of two models to describe kin economic assistance: a depression model and a life course model. The depression model is how most laypeople understand kin economic assistance. Kin helped in times of need, such as a loss of employment and poor health. A life course model alternatively describes assistance based on the age of individuals where younger individuals","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"893 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The “Glorious” Revolution’s Inglorious Religious Commitment: Why Parliamentary Rule Failed to Secure Religious Liberty “光荣”革命的可耻宗教承诺：为什么议会统治未能确保宗教自由

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.15

Parashar Kulkarni, Steven Pfaff

{"title":"The “Glorious” Revolution’s Inglorious Religious Commitment: Why Parliamentary Rule Failed to Secure Religious Liberty","authors":"Parashar Kulkarni, Steven Pfaff","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many scholars contend that the “Glorious” Revolution of 1688 restrained governmental abuses in Britain by preventing the Crown from engaging in irresponsible behavior. However, the question of whether it imposed similar restraints on Parliament has received limited scrutiny. This oversight applies in particular to the religious sphere and outside of England. Rather than create the general conditions for liberty, we contend that the institutional legacy of the Revolution of 1688 was biased toward those in the winning coalition and that its positive effect on liberty is overstated. Analyzing the institutional legacy of the Glorious Revolution on religion in Scotland, we use narrative evidence and systematic evaluation of legislation to show that, rather than establishing the conditions for religious liberty in Britain, the revolution transferred power from one denomination to the other. The arbitrary religious repression symptomatic of the prerevolutionary Crown persisted because the religious liberties enshrined in the Revolution depended largely on whether a group was a member of its winning coalition. Whereas the Crown and the Episcopalians suppressed the Presbyterians prior to 1688, afterward an alliance between the Scottish Presbyterians and the English Parliament reinstated Presbyterianism as the established Scottish Church. This reversal allowed the Presbyterians to suppress the Episcopalians. Religious tolerance and attendant civil rights expanded only with secularization in the nineteenth century when the political representation of other denominations and religions increased and factionalism undercut Presbyterian monopoly.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"693 - 718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46052339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Determinants of Nutritional Differences in Mediterranean Rural Spain, 1840–1965 Birth Cohorts: A Comparison between Irrigated and Dry Farming Agriculture 1840-1965年出生队列中西班牙地中海农村营养差异的决定因素:灌溉和旱作农业的比较

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.11

M. Ayuda, J. Puche, J. Martínez-Carrión

{"title":"Determinants of Nutritional Differences in Mediterranean Rural Spain, 1840–1965 Birth Cohorts: A Comparison between Irrigated and Dry Farming Agriculture","authors":"M. Ayuda, J. Puche, J. Martínez-Carrión","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anthropometric studies have given much attention to the impact of industrialization and urbanization on the biological standards of living of urban populations. Instead, we know less about the evolution of height and the disparities within the rural world and how they have changed during the modern economic growth process. This article analyzes the evolution and the determining factors that would explain the inequality of the biological welfare of a group of rural populations in Mediterranean Spain. Using a database of the heights of military conscripts (N = 146,041) of the study area, a comparison is made of the biological well-being of the cohorts born between 1840 and 1965 in different rural environments (irrigated vs. dry farming). The results show that the recruits residing in irrigated areas were taller than those in dry farming areas and that the nutritional differences were greater among the latter. The advantage of the heights in irrigated areas widened with the development of commercial agriculture at the end of the nineteenth century and, although it began to reduce from the early decades of the twentieth century, the anthropometric gap persisted throughout the period analyzed. The data also suggest that the distribution of income was also more unequal in the dry farming areas, where the diet was less varied and rich than in the irrigated areas. This situation could be largely explained by the existence of low productivity agriculture in these dry farming areas, among other possible factors.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"585 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46121011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Electoral Strategy or Historical Legacy? The CDU’s Reactions to Far-Right Parties in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1964–1990 选举策略还是历史遗产?基民盟对德意志联邦共和国极右翼政党的反应，1964-1990

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.9

Anna Berg

{"title":"Electoral Strategy or Historical Legacy? The CDU’s Reactions to Far-Right Parties in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1964–1990","authors":"Anna Berg","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates how established political parties react to the emergence of a far-right party. Prevailing approaches explain established parties’ reactions either as based on a spatial model of politics or as determined by historical trajectory and political culture. Neither approach sufficiently accounts for how party leaders choose between these competing motives for actions or how their strategizing might evolve over time. To complement existing approaches, I suggest understanding the emergence of far-right parties as a problem of interpretation. How parties react to far-right emergence depends on what kinds of heuristics they draw on to make sense of the phenomenon of far-right voting. To validate my approach, I study different stances Germany’s center-right Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (CDU) has taken toward two far-right parties in postwar West German history: the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD), from 1964 to 1969, and the Die Republikaner (REP) from 1983 to 1990. Using archival material documenting internal deliberation, I argue that the social sciences have played a crucial role for how CDU leaders have evolved in their interpretation of far-right emergence. In the 1960s, party leaders drew from external social expertise on the far-right to discount the idea that the NPD was a resurgence of Nazism. In the 1980s, they were concerned with a reform project of their own party, leading them to grasp the REP through heuristics provided by scholarship on electoral strategizing. This resulted in a shift in strategies of repression against the NPD to strategies of demarcation versus co-optation against the REP.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"531 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protestant Missionary Education and the Diffusion of Women’s Education in Ottoman Turkey: A Historical GIS Analysis – CORRIGENDUM 新教传教士教育和妇女教育在奥斯曼土耳其的传播:一个历史的GIS分析-勘误表

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.12

Emre Amasyali

引用次数: 0

Nationalized Cosmopolitanism with Communist Characteristics: The Esperanto Movement’s Survival Strategy in Post–World War II Bulgaria 具有共产主义特征的民族化世界主义：二战后保加利亚世界语运动的生存策略

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.5

Ana Velitchkova

{"title":"Nationalized Cosmopolitanism with Communist Characteristics: The Esperanto Movement’s Survival Strategy in Post–World War II Bulgaria","authors":"Ana Velitchkova","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The case of the Bulgarian Esperanto movement under state socialism demonstrates a social movement can survive under authoritarianism by establishing a legitimate activist culture acceptable to the regime while pursuing its intrinsic goals. Bulgaria, a close Soviet ally, was a difficult case of movement survival. In the early years following World War II, the national Esperanto periodical Bulgara Esperantisto was a key organizing tool for the movement reporting on its activities, reaching out to potential recruits, and legitimizing the movement under the new communist-led regime. Examining the periodical’s discourse over a two-year period, I find that the movement managed to carve a space for itself in the new political context by advancing a form of what I term “nationalized cosmopolitanism.” Bulgarian Esperantists were able to maintain activist networks nationally and internationally, pursue intrinsic Esperanto goals, and sustain cosmopolitan identities under unhospitable conditions. The movement successfully legitimated itself by drawing from three cosmopolitan sources: Esperanto cosmopolitanism, communist internationalism, and Bulgarian peasant universalism. In the context of the nation-state system, invoking the nation was an effective legitimation strategy, even for a movement with cosmopolitan orientations, even under a regime justified in universal terms. Espousing pragmatism and partnerships while avoiding conflict, Bulgarian Esperantists were able to thrive under the new communist regime, recruit new members, and reconnect with the global Esperanto movement. I conclude that a legitimate activist culture can adapt to a regime’s ideology and institutional environment without necessarily being co-opted.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"617 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42258349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Denominational Conflicts and Party Breakthrough: The Negative Case of the All-German People’s Party 教派冲突与政党突围：全德人民党的反面案例

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.1

Matthias Dilling

{"title":"Denominational Conflicts and Party Breakthrough: The Negative Case of the All-German People’s Party","authors":"Matthias Dilling","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract National party breakthrough has often been attributed to new or previously minor parties seizing favorable political opportunities. The role of their strategic choices in response to political opportunities, however, has been underexplored because less attention has been paid to relevant negative cases, that is instances when parties encounter favorable conditions without breaking through. This article argues for a historical perspective when selecting these cases and investigates an often overlooked case from Germany’s early postwar democracy: Gustav Heinemann’s All-German People’s Party (GVP). Relying on archival data and historical research, this article reconstructs the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants that provided Heinemann with initially favorable conditions for party breakthrough. Strategic decisions on coalition building, the timing of party formation, and organization building explain the GVP’s failure to seize the opportunity. These findings highlight the importance of case selection as a part of the “historical turn” in political science and of new parties’ agency when explaining (the lack of) party breakthrough. The implications of these findings for the literature on new parties, case selection, and party system development are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"505 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41456450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pitting the Working Class against Itself: Solidarity, Strikebreaking, and Strike Outcomes in the Early US Labor Movement 使工人阶级与自己对立:美国早期劳工运动中的团结、罢工和罢工结果

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2021.52

Larry W. Isaac, Rachel G. McKane, A. W. Jacobs

{"title":"Pitting the Working Class against Itself: Solidarity, Strikebreaking, and Strike Outcomes in the Early US Labor Movement","authors":"Larry W. Isaac, Rachel G. McKane, A. W. Jacobs","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2021.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.52","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is axiomatic that high-risk activism requires solidarity if social movements are to have success in struggles against powerful adversaries. However, there is little research that attempts to gauge the impact of various types, limits, or breakdown of solidarity directly and systematically. Drawing from historical political economy, cultures of class formation, and social movement outcome literatures, we address the question of solidarity’s impact across dimensions and at various levels of scale (i.e., at the point of production or firm level, local community, and wider society) by analyzing the outcomes of more than 4,500 strikes during the late-nineteenth-century rise of US industrial capitalism. We find that while strike solidarity at the point of production is necessary, it is not sufficient for success. Disruption costs that strikers seek to impose to gain leverage can be significantly reduced by the countertactic of hiring strikebreaking replacement workers recruited from the local community or imported from beyond. We also find that the urban regime of strike policing matters by moderating the impact of strikebreakers. The most powerful predictor of strike outcomes is employer use of replacement workers, signaling the key to undermining working-class strike solidarity directly pits the working class against itself. Intraclass solidarity is necessary for the success in interclass struggle but needs to extend beyond the struck firm implicating the importance of solidarity of the surrounding community and wider social factory. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the historic formation of the US labor movement and its present predicament.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"315 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44181369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Power of Religious Activism in Tocqueville’s America: The Second Great Awakening and the Rise of Temperance and Abolitionism in New York State 托克维尔的《美国》中宗教激进主义的力量:第二次大觉醒和纽约州禁酒和废奴主义的兴起

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Social Science History Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2022.6

Ryan K. Masters, Michael P. Young

{"title":"The Power of Religious Activism in Tocqueville’s America: The Second Great Awakening and the Rise of Temperance and Abolitionism in New York State","authors":"Ryan K. Masters, Michael P. Young","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2022.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the religious origins of the American temperance and antislavery movements in New York State. We introduce new county-level longitudinal data between 1828 and 1838 to document the onset and growth of New York temperance and antislavery societies during the movements’ early stages. Data are compiled from numerous historical sources and document counts of temperance societies in 55 New York counties in years 1828, 1829, 1831, 1833, and 1834; and county-level counts of antislavery societies in years 1835, 1836, 1837, and 1838. The early growth of temperance and antislavery societies across New York counties are examined as outcomes of state building, market changes, and religious activism associated with the Second Great Awakening. We hypothesize that religious activism was positively associated with the establishment of temperance and antislavery societies in New York counties between 1828 and 1834 and between 1835 and 1838, respectively, as well as positively associated with growth in temperance and antislavery societies during these times. Results support our hypotheses with findings suggesting that evangelist activities were substantially influencing both the onset and growth of temperance and antislavery societies during the early stages of these social movements. The evidence is consistent with a “life politics” perspective of social movements and with the argument that US temperance and abolitionism were confessional protests with deep ties to the Second Great Awakening.","PeriodicalId":46528,"journal":{"name":"Social Science History","volume":"46 1","pages":"473 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41876885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0