{"title":"Putting the age of criminal and tort liability into context: a dialogue between law and psychology","authors":"N. Ferreira","doi":"10.1163/092755608X267157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/092755608X267157","url":null,"abstract":"The concepts of ‘liability age’ and ‘capacity responsibility’ have been widely dissected by researchers in various fields. However, their application to both criminal and tort liability of children remains inconsistent. Furthermore, rarely has an interdisciplinary approach adequately dealt with these concepts and their impact on legal norms. This text investigates the notion of criminal and tort liability age in connection with the notion of capacity responsibility, in relation to children, and further questions the adequacy of the relevant legal norms. This endeavour to improve the applicable legal norms is supported by an analysis of the pertinent findings in the field of psychology, particularly in respect of the moral development of children. Informed by an excursion through the ideas of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan, among others, regarding the moral development of children, the text also serves to assess the impact of concepts of moral responsibility and maturity, in relation to the development of the legal norms, which determine the age of liability of children. The text concludes with a proposal for a criminal and tort liability age framework, based upon indicative/presumptive age milestones, and an integrated approach to all relevant circumstances in casu.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/092755608X267157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A South African perspective of grade 9 learners' experiences of children's rights","authors":"Lucia Munongi, Jace Pillay","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602003","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine children’s experiences of their rights. The sample consisted of 185 Grade 9 pupils (females = 95; males = 90) randomly sampled from 13 secondary schools from Johannesburg, South Africa, from a previous study. The participants were requested to write their responses to an open-ended question: ‘What do you think of children’s rights in South Africa?’ The data were analysed using content analysis since the data from the open-ended question was qualitative in nature. Results indicated that children were aware that they have rights, and that adults were still violating them. Based on the findings and a human rights-basedframework, several recommendations were made, such as, the need to adopt a more radical approach when dealing with children’s rights and the need to encourage schools and families to develop a culture of respecting children’s rights.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Children and Parents Think about Children’s Right to Participation","authors":"Hanita Kosher","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602005","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed an increase in the global commitment to children’s rights in general and their rights to self-determination and participation in particular. This has been firmly expressed in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children, which recognises the right of children to participate in decisions about their own lives. The present study examined perceptions and attitudes regarding the concept of children’s right to participation among children and parents from Israel. The results indicate that children showed a tendency to support the right to participation to a greater extent than the parents. The results also revealed that the attitudes of children and parents varied by the context and situation in which the right to participation is realised (school, family, and public settings). Finally, children’s actual participation was found to be associated with children’s and parents’ attitudes towards children’s right to participation.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47367150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Berrick, J. Dickens, Tarja Pösö, Marit Skivenes
{"title":"International Perspectives on Child-responsive Courts","authors":"J. Berrick, J. Dickens, Tarja Pösö, Marit Skivenes","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602011","url":null,"abstract":"Child friendly justice and access to justice for children are explicit concerns for the European Union, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Council of Europe and the Child Rights International Network. This study examines court systems as child-responsive by eliciting the views of judicial decision makers on child protection cases (n = 1,479) in four legal systems (England, Finland, Norway and the USA (represented by California)), based on an online survey. In this paper, we asked judicial officials who have the authority to make care order decisions how they view the child-friendliness of the courts. We presented them with six statements representing standard features of child responsive courts. Findings show that there is considerable room for improving both structure and practice of the court proceedings, for example the use of child friendly language and child-sensitive time frames. There were variations across states, and some variation across type of decision maker. Implications for the development of education and training about the opportunities for children’s engagement are considered.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The Other Child” – The Rights of the Child Victim in the Youth Justice System","authors":"N. Lynch","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602002","url":null,"abstract":"Children’s rights scholarship and guidance from human rights bodies has largely ignored the child victim, particularly where the perpetrator of the offence is also a child. This article reviews how provisions of international children’s rights standards deal with such situations, and highlights the lack of evidence on the extent of such victimisation and the experiences of child victims. Using two particular provisions (best interests and participation), it is argued that child victims appear primarily regarded as objects of concern rather than true rights holders. Increased recognition of “the other child” in practice and policy is urged.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Child’s Interests in Conflict. The Intersections between Society, Family, Faith and Culture, edited by Maarit Jänterä – Jareborg","authors":"V. Todorova","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Human Rights Standards Counter Australia’s Punitive Youth Justice Practices?","authors":"Wendy O’Brien, Kate Fitz‐Gibbon","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602004","url":null,"abstract":"Recent practices in the administration of youth justice across Australian state and territory jurisdictions reveal a powerful tension between the punitive imperative of “tough on crime” political populism, and internationally agreed minimum standards relevant to the treatment of children. In questioning the extent to which human rights standards can and should be used as a useful tool to counter punitive youth justice practices, this article identifies major points of discrepancy between Australia’s international legal obligations and the doctrine and operation of domestic criminal law as it applies to children in conflict with the law. Examining youth justice “crises” in two Australian states, the Northern Territory and Victoria, the article concludes that while child rights are not directly justiciable in Australia, global standards on youth justice provide a unifying discourse that is resistant to the vagaries of populism, and which can guide reform for child rights compliant youth justice legislation and practice.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Governing through Abandonment","authors":"Karen Greene","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602001","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes and analyses the “empowerment” form of child rights deployed in the move to democratise Cambodia in the 1990s, as it was embedded in 1990s “abandonment politics” (Povinelli, 2011). I sketch a genealogy for that form, and identify the problematic of abandonment as a generative link between the political and biological category of “child”, rights, and the technologies of liberal governmentality. Though available to other modes of government, these technologies emerged to manage the “condition of abandonment” of neophyte “abandoned beings” (Agamben, 1998:27). In the 1990s, defined largely by “abandonment pedagogies”, a new form of child rights seemed able to address long and short term cross-sectoral issues. To show how this elucidates the content of international child rights as deployed, I describe the international discourse of child rights as it was taught and translated into programs for street children on Cambodian ground.","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42041207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eugen Verhellen Obituary","authors":"Philip E. Veerman","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02602006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02602006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46399,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Childrens Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15718182-02602006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46248120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}